渝南申基坪铝土矿矿区钪的分布规律及地球化学特征研究

通过对渝南申基坪矿区四个典型钻孔中铝土矿（岩）和稀散元素钪的研究,发现A12O3主要分布在含矿层位的中上部和中部,其矿石类型主要为土豆状、砾屑状和致密块状,Sc主要分布在含矿层位的中下部和下部,主要赋存的岩石类型为黏土岩和铝土岩。Sc和A12O3的相关系数平均值r=-0.62,即负的中等相关;Sc和A/S比值的相关系数平均值r=-0.44,即负的弱相关;四个钻孔Sc和∑REE平均值r=0.285,为正的弱相关。稀土元素分布模式表明,申基坪矿区绝大多数铝土岩具有富集LREE、Ce正异常和Eu负异常的特征。铝土矿及其伴生元素Sc可能来自下伏地层的碎屑岩和铝硅酸盐岩类,铝土矿和钪的迁移、富集和演化均受到当时的海陆交互沉积环境的制约,铝土矿中的钪很可能有两种存在方式:类质同象和离子吸附。     

地震地质灾害高风险地区居民避险搬迁对策研究——以昭通市为例

昭通及其所处的滇东北地区是我国受地震及次生地质灾害威胁最严重的地区之一。以昭通市为研究对象,采用实地调研与资料分析相结合的方法,从地震活动、地震地质灾害、自然地理环境、经济、人口等方面分析地震地质灾害高风险地区居民避险搬迁问题,深入探索从国家层面出发解决避险移民的重要意义。对居民避险搬迁对策进行研究,以期为类似居民避险搬迁提供参考。     

地震散射波模拟成像在金属矿勘探中的应用

由于金属矿地质模型一般具有强非均匀性,造成金属矿地震勘探中采集到的信号杂乱,应用常规的反射地震处理技术难以获得可靠的成像效果.而基于惠更斯一菲涅尔原理的散射成像方法能充分利用地震信号中的全波场信息,例如反射波、绕射波、回转波、直达波、转换波等,它们都是散射波的一种表现形式,从而可以获得较好的成像效果.结合中国东部典型铜矿-铜陵冬瓜山铜矿与中国西部典型锡矿-云南个旧锡矿的地质模型,我们模拟了散射波地震记录,并通过散射成像方法获得了高质量的偏移结果,从数值模拟角度证明了散射成像在金属矿地震勘探中具有较好的应用前景.     

滇东泸西地区中三叠统法郎组液态油苗的发现及意义

对南盘江地区进行野外石油地质考察,在中三叠统法郎组中发现液态油苗。该油苗位于云南省泸西地区,地表延伸长度超过12km。含油层位的岩性为全黑色生物碎屑泥晶灰岩,油气显示性质为液态油苗和稠油,呈褐黑色、褐黄色,多以浸染状、晶间孔型、溶洞型和裂缝型产出。含油层的下伏地层为中三叠统个旧组,主要为一套碳酸盐岩沉积,产2套累计厚度16m左右的油浸砂糖状白云岩。含油层上覆地层法郎组上段为一套泥质碎屑岩沉积,该套地层的泥岩段中有大量油斑产出。液态油苗的发现显示了该区良好的油气勘探前景。     

分色版EPS文件的自动合成方法

为克服分色版EPS文件导致的印前流程系统应用不畅、地图出版效率不高的缺陷,提出了一种分色版EPS文件的自动合成方法。该方法基于测绘生产部门现有的分色版文件,通过专色还原、分版叠加和压盖关系修改3个环节,自动生成合版EPS文件。实验证明,该方法生成的合版EPS地图要素齐备、颜色准确、压盖关系正确,可方便地进入印前流程系统实现数码打样和激光发排。     

零散多边形综合质量评价研究

研究了零散多边形综合的质量评价,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,通过描述要素特征确定各要素特征的评价指标,然后整合各特征评价结果,得到地图综合的整体质量评价结果。以土地利用图中的农村居民点综合为例,介绍了其质量评价的过程,验证所提方法的可行性。     

Determination of PCB-contaminated sites in Belarus： A case study

PCBs belong to POPs of priority concern in Belarus due to the large amount of PCBs, long period of PCB and PCB-containing equipment usage and possibilities of PCBs dissemination in the environment. From the point of health risk assessment the revealing of PCBs contaminated sites is very important. The greatest amounts of PCBs in Belarus are used in electrical equipment; therefore experimental work was conducted on the territories where PCB-containing electrical equipment is installed or stored. About 20 sub-stations with capacitors and 2 places with transformers were investigated. More than 200 soil and bottom sediments were collected and analyzed. 6 individual PCBs congeners （PCB-28, PCB-52, PCB-138, PCB-153, PCB-180 and PCB-203） were detected by gas chromatography and chromatography mass spectrometry. PCBs contents in the soils of the territories, where electrical equipment is used and stored, come up to milligrams or sometime grams per kilogram. Maximum concentrations of PCBs （2-21 g/kg） were tracked in the soil near destroyed capacitors and transformers as a consequence of PCB leakage. The highest concentrations of PCBs are found in topsoil layer. In some cases high PCB concentrations are fixed at the depth of 50 cm. In several cases PCB leakage can be easily noticed due to dark color. Low chlorinated PCBs prevail in the soils of the places where capacitors are installed or stored, and high chlorinated PCBs are noticed where transformers are stored. As a rule, contaminated areas are rather local （typical spot is less than a square meter）. Nevertheless, they are potentially sources of secondary ground and surface water, as well as bottom sediments pollution. Moreover, spreading of PCBs beyond the places of PCB-containing equipment usage or storage occurs： the sum of 6 PCBs at the distance of 100-150 m from capacitor battery comes up to 0.35-4.6 mg/kg in the soil. Soils at practically all investigated sub-stations are polluted with PCBs. In most cases high concentrations of PCBs are revealed. On the whole, spatial structure of PCB contamination soil is extremely heterogeneous.     

地震波散射理论及应用研究综述

回顾了地震波散射的概念、研究历史及分类.对散射理论及应用研究成果进行了系统评述，特别对前人关于散射波数值模拟和应用研究的不足进行了总结：(1)观测系统设计不合理；(2)对散射波的特征研究缺乏系统性；(3)对复杂散射波场的识别方法没有进行系统研究；(4)适合散射成像的处理软件还有待开发.并介绍了作者关于地震散射波场特征数值模拟研究的初步成果.     

Immigrant Profiles of U.S. Urban Areas and Agents of Resettlement*

This article targets the role of intermediaries, such as refugee resettlement programs, in altering the geography of the foreign‐born. It argues that, under such intermediaries, destination choice within the United States is largely determined not by economic mechanisms but instead by information‐related factors such as friction of distance, migration chains, labor procurement, and resettlement intermediaries. Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) destinations are grouped into four profiles based on their mix of foreign‐born. The result is sets of MSAs differentiated by the era of immigration, immigrant origins, geographic pattern, and place characteristics that draw migrants. To evaluate intermediary impacts, monies allocated to states by the Office of Refugee Resettlement, refugee resettlement by state, and refugee movements to MSAs are expressed as a Refugee Resettlement Index and linked to MSA profiles. We conclude that although refugees constitute only a portion of total immigration, their effects are disproportionately large in terms of changing the foreign‐born profiles of MSAs and other communities, changing the fabric of society, and changing the geography of the foreign‐born in all its ramifications.     

“Suspending village” a model of new development area in the ningxia hui autonomous region of China

The southern part of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China was infamous for its poverty and serious soil erosion caused by over population. In order to alleviate poverty and backwardness, a plan was worked out: to remove 200,000 people to the north plain by developing newly irrigated land during the period of 1983–1992. The plan has been in operation for eight and half years to date. About 200,000 people have been removed from the poor southern part to the newly developed area, and 800,000 mu (1/ 15 ha) of desert land has been cultivated. Most of the migrants have been lifted out of poverty and the people ’s life in the south is being improved. During the immigration process, a model, called “Suspending Village”, has been developed. In the article, the whole process of the development and the strategies are discussed.