高精度时间频率基准辅助GPS定位的研究与实现

介绍一种基于压控振荡器和GPS技术的时间频率基准，实现可编程脉冲、频率输出，达到了长期稳定性与短期稳定性兼优的目的。     

The use of historical flood information in the English Midlands to improve risk assessment

Abstract

The Easter 1998 flood was the largest flood event in the gauged record of many basins of the English Midlands. Flood frequency analysis, using such gauged records only, placed the 1998 event at a return period of over 100 years on several basins. However a review of historical (pre-gauged) flooding on some rivers gives a different perspective. Examples are given of the use of historical flood information on the River Leam, the River Wreake at Melton Mowbray, the River Sence (tributary to the River Soar) and the River Frome at Stroud. The cost of acquiring such historical flood data is trivial in comparison to gauged data, but the benefits are demonstrated as significant. In particular, historical flood data provide a better basis for risk assessment and planning on flood plains through revised estimates of flood discharge and depth.     

A note on the applicability of log-Gumbel and log-logistic probability distributions in hydrological analyses: I. Known pdf

Abstract

Two probability density functions (pdf), popular in hydrological analyses, namely the log-Gumbel (LG) and log-logistic (LL), are discussed with respect to (a) their applicability to hydrological data and (b) the drawbacks resulting from their mathematical properties. This paper—the first in a two-part series—examines a classical problem in which the considered pdf is assumed to be the true distribution. The most significant drawback is the existence of the statistical moments of LG and LL for a very limited range of parameters. For these parameters, a very rapid increase of the skewness coefficient, as a function of the coefficient of variation, is observed (especially for the log-Gumbel distribution), which is seldom observed in the hydrological data. These probability distributions can be applied with confidence only to extreme situations. For other cases, there is an important disagreement between empirical data and theoretical distributions in their tails, which is very important for the characterization of the distribution asymmetry. The limited range of shape parameters in both distributions makes the analyses (such as the method of moments), that make use of the interpretation of moments, inconvenient. It is also shown that the often-used L-moments are not sufficient for the characterization of the location, scale and shape parameters of pdfs, particularly in the case where attention is paid to the tail part of probability distributions. The maximum likelihood method guarantees an asymptotic convergence of the estimators beyond the domain of the existence of the first two moments (or L-moments), but it is not sensitive enough to the upper tails shape.     

Systematic assessment of irregular building–soil interaction using efficient modal analysis

In this paper an efficient methodology applying modal analysis is developed to assess systematically the combined soil–structure interaction and torsional coupling effects on asymmetric buildings. This method is implemented in the frequency domain to accurately incorporate the frequency‐dependent foundation impedance functions. For extensively extracting the soil–structure interaction effects, a diagonal transfer matrix in the modal space is derived. A comprehensive investigation of asymmetric building–soil interaction can then be conveniently conducted by examining various types of response quantities. Results of parametric study show that the increasing height‐to‐base ratio of a structure generally amplifies its translational and torsional responses. Moreover, both the translational and torsional responses are reduced for the case where the two resonant frequencies are well separated and this reduction is enhanced with the decreasing values of the relative soil stiffness and the height‐to‐base ratio. The most noteworthy phenomenon may be the fact that the SSI effects can enlarge the translational response if the structure is slender and the two resonant frequencies are very close. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

甚低频电磁法在河南省竹园铜矿的应用

简要叙述了甚低频电磁法的方法技术，并以河南省西峡县竹园铜矿为例，介绍了甚低频法寻找铜多金属硫化物矿床的显著效果。结合工作效果，对甚低频法的不足之处提出了3点看法。     

区域短波通信台网选频的研究

河南省地震局短波通信台网的工作频率被限制在短波的低频段，受干扰严重，中心台又位于市中心，环境噪声电平很高，加之，局网内可用的电台大部分发射功率小、抗干扰性能差。这些因素给通信台网的工作频率选择带来困难。为提高区域通信的质量，在对短波电离层信道传播特性进行分析的基础上，结合本地大气噪声和环境噪声的实际情况，对河南省地震局通信网的选频问题进行了研究，给出了选频的原则和方法，介绍了选频试验的结果和体会。     

Simulation of structural response under high‐frequency ground excitation

The structural response to high‐frequency ground motions is complicated due to the involvement of local‐mode vibration. At present such a characteristic is not well recognized and this can cause confusion over the analytical and experimental modelling of the corresponding response and damage. The fact that most existing regulatory guides for limits on allowable construction vibrations are necessarily simplified for administrative reasons calls upon the derivation of more sophisticated approaches for special cases. This requires accumulation of pertinent experimental evidence. This paper attempts to provide some insights into the local‐mode dynamic response characteristics, with emphasis on appropriate modelling techniques and experimental measurements. A preliminary testing program is reported, in which efforts were made to reproduce high‐frequency response with a reduced scale reinforced concrete model with shaking table facilities. The results demonstrate the dependence of the response amplitudes with the excitation frequency. On a ppv‐basis, the current test results indicate that a substantial increase of the allowable ppv value from those specified by various standards may be considered for structural damage to reinforced concrete building structures. More analytical and experimental data are needed for further evaluation of the local‐mode effects and to quantify their impact on the structural damage process. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

亚洲季风区ITCZ对华北雨季异常的可能影响

分析了冬、春季亚洲季风区ITCZ活动对华北夏季降水的影响。用OLR资料定义了ITCZ综合指数，分析表明该指数能比较清晰、客观地综合反映出亚洲季风区深对流活动的强度和位置。用该指数分析了华北多雨年和少雨年前期热带大范围对流活动的变化特征。印度和东亚季风区的ITCZ活动在多雨和少雨年显示出明显不同。华北夏季降水与2-4月ITCZ综合指数的时滞相关性最明显。这种时滞相关可能与球面Rossby波的频散相联系，并可以为华北夏季降水的长期预报提供新的参考依据。低频振荡分析表明，多雨年南北两个半球的低频振荡强度较强，范围较大，并不断由南向北传播，这种传播很可能与副热带高压的北跳有关。而少雨年低频振荡在南半球或热带地区呈准静止状态。     

用卫星资料计算我国东部地区晴空太阳辐射

根据光的多次散射理论的离散纵标法，利用我国东南沿海地区探空站的资料，计算出不同高度上分谱段的太阳直接辐射和向上，向下散射辐射，与相应时刻的卫星测值（可见光，红外通道S－VISSR计数值）进行逐步回归拟合，建立晴空状况下卫星测值与大气中各高度太阳直接辐射和攻射辐射的统计模式，并将拟合方法进行稳定性检验，据此可以利用卫星资料计算各高度分谱段的太阳直接辐射和散射辐射。