Modeling the Stakeholder Profile in Territorial Management: The Segarra-Garrigues Irrigation System,Spain

Interest in obtaining a more accurate snapshot of irrigation management from a geographical perspective is increasingly relevant. This proposal is based on existing qualitative approaches in combination with an alternative method (the territorial irrigation management model) to identify and present key stakeholders attitudes and perceptions in the Segarra-Garrigues irrigation system in Spain. Advantages are (1) the focus on interrelations and context, (2) the applicability and extrapolation of the irrigation system, and (3) the irrigator-driven rather than researcher-driven perspective. Results revealed that there are conceptual and practical heterogeneities between the preferences of stakeholders' groups regarding water resources management, environmental protection, and agricultural challenges.     

焉耆县滴灌条件下土壤水热盐的动态变化特征

为了揭示焉耆县良种场的土壤水热盐动态变化,对有膜覆盖和无膜覆盖条件下各土壤层进行水热盐的系统观测和单因素方差分析及相关性分析。结果表明：（1）土壤温度的日变化呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势,有膜各层土壤温度高于相对应的无膜各层土壤温度,各层土壤温度和大气温度变化趋势一致。（2）有膜各层土壤盐分要高于相对应的无膜各层土壤盐分,表层土壤水分小于底层,有膜10～20 cm土壤水分含量比较低,无膜10～50 cm土壤水含量比较接近;滴灌后,土壤水分和盐分经历快速下降和缓慢下降两个过程。由于文献对于有膜覆盖与无膜覆盖条件下土壤水热盐变化的研究相对较少,文章通过研究焉耆县农田生育期有膜和无膜条件下土壤水热盐的变化特征,为研究区土壤盐渍化的防治提供科学依据。     

海南岛北部玄武岩上土壤发育过程的定量研究

随着土壤的发育，土壤形态亦会出现相应的变化。对海南岛北部玄武岩上发育的不同成土年龄土壤系列的研究表明，土壤形态特征及其定量化指数，如红化率指数、剖面相对发育指数、土层指数、剖面发育指数等能够较好地反映土壤发育程度和土壤发育的相对年龄，其中剖面发育指数的批示效果最好。     

干旱沙区几种果树生理生态特性及其适应性研究

选择沙区栽培的金冠苹果、毛里斯苹果、新红星苹果、苹果梨、锦丰梨、民勤小枣等主要的经济树种及其常用砧木为研究对象,进行了各树种光合、水分生理指标和合理灌水生理指标的测试分析及各树种和其常用砧木PV曲线的绘制。分析讨论了几种果树的主要水分参数、抗旱特性及对沙区干旱环境条件的适应性,首次提出以水势和相对含水量等生理指标来确定几种主要经济树种合理灌水方案的观点和方法。同时结合几种主要经济树种在河西生态环境条件下生长表现情况,对它们在河西沙区的适应性进行了综合评价,提出河西沙区今后应以"三梨二枣和酿酒葡萄"作为经济林发展重点和方向。     

成水滴灌下塔里木沙漠公路防护林土壤盐分分布特征分析

对塔里木沙漠公路防护林地进行实地取样分析,研究咸水滴灌条件下土壤盐分变化规律及其离子分布特征.试验采用5个矿化度水平的咸水灌溉处理:29.70(1号井),25.90(2号井),20.99(8号井),16.95(14号井)和5.75 g·L-1(18号井).试验结果表明:咸水滴灌对土壤盐分含量和离子组成有显著影响,土壤积盐程度随灌溉水矿化度的增大而加剧,土壤盐分组成以C1-、Na+和SO42-为主;不同盐分离子在土壤剖面上的分布特征不同,C1-、Na+、Mg2+和SO42-四种离子的分布较一致,在垂直滴头向下方向浓度最低,远离滴头径向浓度逐渐增大,Ca外和HCO3-在剖面上的分布存在明显的不一致性,在水平方向上远离滴头HCO3-离子浓度向上层聚集,Ca2+则表现为向下层淋溶.研究结果对极端干旱区高矿化度咸水的合理开发利用及防护林的可持续发展具有理论意义和应用价值.     

基于矩分析的垄沟灌入渗湿润体特征

为指导垄沟灌溉技术参数的合理设计,利用验证的HYDRUS-2D模型模拟不同土壤物理性质、耕作技术参数和灌水技术参数组合的垄沟灌土壤水分入渗过程,采用空间矩分析方法定量分析不同因素对入渗湿润体特征量及椭圆特征值的影响。结果表明:矩分析垄沟灌溉入渗湿润体呈扁平椭圆状;初始含水量对湿润体特征量的影响较其它因素小;垄沟灌溉宜在质地重的土壤条件下应用;随沟底宽度和灌溉水深增大,椭圆面积亦增大,椭圆长短轴差异明显,显著加大水平侧渗距离,砂壤土宜窄沟种植,黏壤土宜宽沟灌溉种植,较高的灌溉水深可增加侧渗,有利于提高灌水均匀度。空间矩分析为研究土壤水空间分布特征提供了一种强有力数学方法。     

天山南麓台兰河口丘状堆积物成因及时代的新见解

研究表明台兰河口的丘状堆积体属古泥石流成因，物质组成显示泥石流形成于中低山带的峡谷段，泥石流可能由谷坡堆积物（主要为钙质胶结的冰碛）滑塌阻塞河床发展而成。其形成时代晚于末次冰期，应在全新世中期或更晚一些。     

Assessment and forecast of changes of reservoir volumes due to thermal settling in permafrost areas of Russia

This paper presents the results of data analyses and assessments of field and theoretical researches on reservoir bed relief transformation due to thermal settling in the permafrost regions of Russia.The resulting changes（increases） of the total volumes of large and small reservoirs are quantified,of which information will be of great use in future reservoir design and exploitation.     

1644-1911年中国华东与华南沿海台风入境频率

利用清代至民国时期华东与华南沿海的多种历史文献,通过对“颶”、“颱”含义的考察与风雨潮现象记录特征的辨析,以及非台风事件的排除,建立了1644-1911年入境华东与华南沿海的逐年台风频率序列。研究时段内共有967次台风入境(年均3.62次),17世纪后半期、19世纪与20世纪之交这两个时期是台风活动非常活跃的时期。ENSO现象与沿海台风活动的频率不存在明显的相关性。全球/半球尺度的冷暖转换在19世纪后期至20世纪早期曾经伴随了入境中国沿海台风次数的增加,在过去300年中是增长速率最快的一个时期,但在17世纪和18世纪之交时出现的快速升温现象却伴随着沿海台风数量的下降。因此,半球/全球尺度的快速升温现象与中国华东—华南沿海遭受台风数量之间可能不存在线性关系。     

Groundwater recharge and discharge in a hyperarid alluvial plain (Akesu,Taklimakan Desert,China)

Groundwater recharge and discharge in the Akesu alluvial plain were estimated using a water balance method. The Akesu alluvial plain (4842 km²) is an oasis located in the hyperarid Tarim River basin of central Asia. The land along the Akesu River has a long history of agricultural development and the irrigation area is highly dependent on water withdrawals from the river. We present a water balance methodology to describe (a) surface water and groundwater interaction and (b) groundwater interaction between irrigated and non‐irrigated areas. Groundwater is recharged from the irrigation system and discharged in the non‐irrigated area. Uncultivated vegetation and wetlands are supplied from groundwater in the hyperarid environment. Results show that about 90% of groundwater recharge came from canal loss and field infiltration. The groundwater flow from irrigated to non‐irrigated areas was about 70% of non‐irrigated area recharge and acted as subsurface drainage for the irrigation area. This desalinated the irrigation area and supplied water to the non‐irrigated area. Salt moved to the non‐irrigation area following subsurface drainage. We conclude that the flooding of the Akesu River is a supplemental groundwater replenishment mechanism: the river desalinates the alluvial plain by recharging fresh water in summer and draining saline regeneration water in winter. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.