扫描电子显微镜下放射虫化石制样方法的探讨

讨论了为获得放射虫化石的高质量的二次电子图像所采用的试样制备方法。通过多次试验,认为放射虫化石的表面导电处理应采用碳 金双层镀膜法。在放射虫化石表面先蒸镀一层１０～２０ｎｍ厚的碳膜,然后根据放射虫化石的形态和表面结构的不同,溅射厚度不同的金膜;钟罩形、塔形放射虫化石的金膜厚度在６０～８０ｎｍ,带刺的球形放射虫化石的金膜厚度在８０～１４０ｎｍ,球形放射虫化石的金膜厚度在１４０～２００ｎｍ。     

近源地震动峰值加速度衰减关系影响因素分析

本文收集了丰富的强震资料, 以峰值加速度为例, 采用简单且体现近场峰值加速度PGA震级饱和和距离饱和特性的衰减模型, 研究了表征震级与距离饱和效应的R0(M)的性质。R0与震级相关, 同时与震源性质、地震波频谱有关。在单个地震的R0(M)的求取中, 由于R0与系数d几乎呈线性关系, 所以要求单个地震R0的值, 必须先根据理论约束确定d的大小。在检验衰减方程的预测效果时, 不仅要判断衰减曲线是否反映了实测资料的平均变化趋势, 而且要判断实测资料是否绝大多数落在84%及16%概率水平的预测曲线之内(之间).     

地电观测系统的干扰分析与故障排除方法

地电观测由测量区、外线路和观测仪器及辅助设备组成。观测系统容易受到外界干扰,而且故障较多,笔者根据多年的实践经验,对常见的干扰及故障现象进行了分析研究。结果表明：地电观测对区域的观测环境变化以及细微电磁环境和观测系统的变化都有非常灵敏的反应。     

道路融雪除冰技术现状与发展趋势分析

路面积雪结冰给交通和行车安全造成严重威胁．欧美、日本等国在道路融冰化雪技术研究及应用方面做了大量的工作,我国在这方面的研究非常薄弱．总结分析了国内外道路融冰雪技术的现状及发展方向,可以看出：使用融雪剂和机械除冰雪是普遍的方法,但存在环境污染和不能及时清除的弊端．地热、电热、改进路面材料等主动方法不普遍,处于研究和小范围...     

Lessons from a joint interpretation of vibroseis wide-angle and near-vertical reflection data in the northeastern Yilgarn, Western Australia

A wide-angle reflection seismic experiment was carried out in the Eastern Goldfields granite–greenstone terrane of the Archaean Yilgarn Craton during 2001. This was the first time in Australia that wide-angle data were collected using a vibrator source and with a high density of observations. Unlike other wide-angle surveys carried out in other parts of the world, our survey used both a smaller number of sweeps, and shorter sweeps. We recorded three sweeps (each with its own frequency range) at each vibration point. The experiment demonstrated that the sum of three 12 s sweeps using 3 large vibrators provides enough energy to record signal at offsets up to up to 60–70 km. A comparison of individual shot gathers from near-vertical data and receiver gathers from wide-angle data demonstrated higher reflectivity in near-vertical data. This may be due to differences in the frequency bands of the recording equipment. The after stack section obtained from dense wide-angle data is different from that obtained from conventional near-vertical reflection data. The conventional reflection section provides higher quality image of the crust compared to the wide-angle section. This could be explained by the low-fold in wide-angle data and differences in the acquisition and processing methodology. The wide-angle survey, which was coincident with a regional vibroseis seismic reflection transect, was focused on the Leonora–Laverton region. The survey was designed to supplement the deep seismic reflection studies with velocity information. This also created an opportunity to compare velocity model derived from wide-angle reflection seismic data with a structural image obtained from the deep common mid-point seismic reflection data, and thus refine our geological understanding of the area. A high velocity body reaching a maximum thickness of 2 km was identified exclusively from the seismic velocity model derived from wide-angle study. This body is interpreted as mafic rocks within the Archaean Granite–Greenstone Belt. The joint interpretation also shows that structural boundaries do not always follow lithological boundaries in our study area. The combination of wide-angle reflection and near-vertical reflection data has facilitated a more complete geological interpretation of the seismic data.     

动静结合方法计算储层水淹后地层混合液电阻率技术及其在剩余油饱和度解释中的应用——以吉林扶余油田泉四段油层为例

针对国内注水开发油田水淹层测井解释中地层混合液电阻率(Rz)难以确定的问题,提出了一套动静结合确定Rz的新技术。该技术以开发井投产初期含水率资料为基础,结合静态研究成果,反演投产层的地层混合液电阻率(Rz),进而标定井筒中泥浆滤液电阻率(Rmf),在此基础上,应用自然电位测井的基本原理,可以计算垂向上各层的地层混合液电阻率(Rz)。对于初期投产层为单层和多层两种情况,提出了一种迭代算法,均能实现Rz的反演和Rmf的准确标定。以该技术为基础,针对已经进入高含水阶段的扶余油田泉四段油层开展水淹层测井资料的二次解释。通过与密闭取心检查井岩心分析数据对比,剩余油饱和度误差平均为6%。     

科技兴农在宁南

宁南县重视农业技术的推广,促进了农业生产的发展,农业总产值1989年达5208万元,比1976年增长1.2倍。这表明依靠科技进步,振兴山区农业,是发展经济的必由之路。本县将采取有力措施,大搞科技兴农,争取更上一层楼。     

多面聚能射孔压裂排放瓦斯的研究

复合射孔技术能有效地控制射孔方向和压裂缝的扩展。对其作用机理进行了初步的分析研究 ,并对相关参数进行了理论计算。针对煤层的特性 ,将该技术用于煤层致裂 ,经过现场应用 ,效果良好。该技术在煤层致裂爆破中的发展方向较多 ,有良好的应用前景     

SDI planning using the system dynamics technique within a community of practice: lessons learnt from Tanzania

There exist major challenges in accelerating the spatial data infrastructure (SDI) planning process in the developing countries as well as advocating for politicians to support the development of SDI, due to the high complexity of SDI, lack of knowledge and experience, and limited insight in the benefits. To address these challenges, a methodology for SDI planning in Tanzania, based on the system dynamics technique and the communities of practice concept, was adopted and applied within a community consisting of experts from stakeholder organizations. The groups gathered to develop an SDI plan, while they shared their knowledge and discussed their ideas that helped their understanding of SDI. By running the system dynamics model, the development of SDI over time could be simulated that gave the planning community an insight about the future effects of today’s plans and decisions. Finally, an optimum model could be developed by refinements and improvements done with the consensus of the SDI stakeholders. This model included the components and policies that are essential for a successful SDI implementation in Tanzania and can be used as a basis for SDI planning and help to gain political support. Lessons learnt from this research were promising regarding the usability of the methodology for SDI planning in comparable countries.     

用频率域台阵技术推测2001年昆仑山口西大地震的破裂时间与几何特征

概述频率域远场台阵技术应用于大地震能量辐射源的追踪原理,介绍利用这一技术追踪能量辐射源的一般步骤,并以2001年昆仑山口西大地震为例,分析资料处理中主要参数设置所需要考虑的关键因素. 通过分析埃塞俄比亚/肯尼亚地震台阵（EK台阵）的宽频带波形资料,获得了2001年昆仑山口西大地震的起始破裂点的位置,能量辐射源的空间分布特征,以及破裂持续时间. 根据EK台阵资料的分析结果,2001年昆仑山口西大地震的起始破裂点位于布喀达坂峰东侧（35.92deg;N,91.70deg;E）,破裂持续时间不超过160 s,破裂长度约520 km. 其中,初始破裂点以西为180 km,以东为340 km. 断层西段在布喀达坂峰附近向西南方向发生弯曲,与地表破裂吻合. 断层东段似乎在西大滩断裂附近向东北方向发生弯曲,其方向与西大滩断层的走向一致,但二者相距约30 km. 另外,分析结果似乎表明, 地震断层的西段近乎直立,而东段逐渐南倾.