Freeze-thaw effects on sorption/desorption of dissolved organic carbon in wetland soils

The effects of freeze-thaw cycles on sorption/desorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in two wetland soils and one reclaimed wetland soil were investigated. DOC concentrations added were 0-600 mg/L. Laboratory incubations of sorption/desorption of DOC had been carried out at -15℃ for 10 h, and then at +5℃ for 13 h. Soil samples were refrozen and thawed subsequently for 5 cycles. Initial Mass model was used to describe sorption behavior of DOC. The results indicate that freeze-thaw cycles can significantly increase the sorption capacity of DOC and reduce the desorption capacity of DOC in the three soils. The freeze-thaw effects on desorption of DOC in soils increase with the increasing freeze-thaw cycles. The conversion of natural wetlands to soybean farmland can decrease the sorption capacity and increase the desorption capacity of DOC in soils. Global warming and reclamation may increase DOC release, and subsequently increase the loss of carbon and the emission of greenhouse gas.     

Coarse sediment transport in mountain streams in Colorado and Wyoming,USA

Since the early 1990s, US Forest Service researchers have made thousands of bedload measurements in steep, coarse‐grained channels in Colorado and Wyoming, USA. In this paper we use data from 19 of those sites to characterize patterns and rates of coarse sediment transport for a range of channel types and sizes, including step–pool, plane‐bed, pool–riffle, and near‐braided channels. This effort builds upon previous work where we applied a piecewise regression model to (1) relate flow to rates of bedload transport and (2) define phases of transport in coarse‐grained channels. Earlier, the model was tested using bedload data from eight sites on the Fraser Experimental Forest near Fraser, Colorado. The analysis showed good application to those data and to data from four supplementary channels to which the procedure was applied. The earlier results were, however, derived from data collected at sites that, for the most part, have quite similar geology and runoff regimes. In this paper we evaluate further the application of piecewise regression to data from channels with a wider range of geomorphic conditions. The results corroborate with those from the earlier work in that there is a relatively narrow range of discharges at which a substantial change in the nature of bedload transport occurs. The transition from primarily low rates of sand transport (phase I) to higher rates of sand and coarse gravel transport (phase II) occurs, on average, at about 80 per cent of the bankfull (1·5‐year return interval) discharge. A comparison of grain sizes moved during the two phases showed that coarse gravel is rarely trapped in the samplers during phase I transport. Moreover, the movement and capture of the D₁₆ to D₂₅ grain size of the bed surface seems to correspond with the onset of phase II transport, particularly in systems with largely static channel surfaces. However, while there were many similarities in observed patterns of bedload transport at the 19 studied sites, each had its own ‘bedload signal’ in that the rate and size of materials transported largely reflected the nature of flow and sediment particular to that system. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅埋煤层地表厚砂土层“拱梁”结构模型研究

西部地区拥有储量最大的浅埋煤田,煤层顶板主要特点是基岩薄,地表为厚砂土层。浅埋煤层采动后,上覆岩层垮落运动将直接波及地表厚砂土层,引起采场强烈来压及地表塌陷等灾害。通过物理模拟试验,揭示了厚砂土层贯通地表裂缝的形成和发展规律,发现地表厚砂土层初次垮落的“拱梁”和周期垮落的“弧形岩柱”结构。通过建立厚砂土层“拱梁”结构数学模型,得出了“拱梁”内的应力分量,并给出了厚砂土层破裂的判据和出现拉裂缝的位置,为确定周期性“弧形岩柱”的有关参数提供了依据,为工作面顶板压力控制和地表塌陷的分析提供了基础。     

非黏性土泊松比试验研究

土体泊松比是反映土体侧向变形的重要参数,但是目前的研究应用与模型参数的重要性不相符.通过基于局部变形测量的三轴试验,分析了泊松比的变化规律:在相同的成样方法和控制密度条件下,同一种材料的颗粒排列组合结构基本类似,在不同围压条件下的试样变形规律基本保持一致;随主应力比的增加,切线泊松比也随之增加,建立泊松比与主应力比之间的关系更符合泊松比取值规律.     

土的综合结构势及结构性参数研究进展

土结构性是决定土力学特性的一个最为根本的内在因素。基于综合结构势理论的土结构性参数研究是土结构性研究的一种行之有效的方法, 它不仅考虑了土颗粒排列的几何特征和土颗粒联结的力学特征,而且对土结构性进行了综合的、整体的、动态的量化。对已提出的结构性参数进行全面的总结和评述,统一了结构性参数的命名。在此基础上,总结了结构性参数与强度和变形的关系、结构性参数本构模型和结构性参数应用方面的研究现状,并进一步分析了土结构性描述的合理途径以及结构性与固结状态对强度和变形的影响,提出了同一结构性条件下研究结构性土强度、变形本构规律的新观点。     

STATUS, CAUSES AND COMBATING SUGGESTIONS OF SANDY DESERTIFICATION IN QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU

Land desertification isone ofthe m ajorissuesofw orld-w ide concern and considerable am ount of research onthis subject has been carried out at hom e and abroad(D O N G and LIU , 1993a; 1993b; H O U ER O U ,1996;ZH A and G A O ,1996),especially the com m …     

涟源富硒土壤研究与湖南省富硒土壤分布初探

在部省合作"湖南省娄邵盆地多目标地球化学调查"项目的资助下,系统地采集测试了涟源市耕地和园地的表层土壤样品。调查发现该地区发育了大量的富硒土壤,富硒土壤的来源主要与震旦系上统—寒武系下统和二叠系中上统的黑色岩系有关。上述黑色岩系分布区域的表层土壤具有全区最高的硒含量,均大于1 mg/kg,部分甚至达到硒过量的水平。经文献研究和综合评价,推断黑色岩系风化物质扩散堆积形成的山间盆地是湖南省快速高效的寻找富硒土壤的理想靶区。     

Application of the Static Headland-Bay Beach Concept to a Sandy Beach: A New Elliptical Model

The headland-bay beach is one of the most common coastal types in the world.Its morphology reflects the changes that occurred during long-term evolution of the sandy coast.Several headland-bay beach models have been proposed to simulate the coastline’s configuration in equilibrium.In this paper,a new elliptical model is proposed,described,and applied.On the east coast of Laizhou Bay in Shandong Province from Longkou Port to Diaolongzui,four typical headland-bay beaches have developed,and four headland-bay beach models are used in this paper to simulate the morphology of these beaches to assess the applicability of each model.The simulation results of the elliptical model verify that it is applicable to the study area.In addition,the elliptical model is easy to use.Through simulation and field investigations,we concluded that most of the coastal segments in this area will remain in an erosion state,and the human activity has a significant impact on the shoreline’s evolution.     

新疆乌恰地区乌拉根铅锌矿床热卤水成因探讨

从乌拉根铅锌矿床流体包襄体特征、稀土元素组成及其配分模式、硫铅同位素特征方面,详细探讨了矿床成因,并与云南金顶铅锌矿作对比,认为乌拉根铅锌矿为热卤水成矿起主导作用的砂砾岩容矿的铅锌矿床,其找矿潜力巨大,具有产出超大型铅锌矿床的条件.     

Recognition of aeolian soils of the Blayney district, NSW: implications for mineral exploration

Aeolian soils in the Blayney district are characterised by having approximately 80% of their mass finer than 63 μm, Ti/Zr ratios of approximately 12, radioelement contents of 0.7% K, 2 ppm eU and 11 ppm eTh and a position high in the landscape. Their Ti/Zr ratio and abundant quartz content distinguishes them from soils derived from Tertiary basalts, which share some of the other characteristics. Many soils in the district have a partial aeolian contribution, which can be recognised by a Ti/Zr ratio that differs from that of the underlying rock. Abundance of an aeolian contribution suggests that airborne radiometric surveys should be very carefully interpreted. Ground studies suggest that high Th content in soils contrasted with low Th in adjacent rocks can be indicative of an aeolian contribution in soils. A substantial amount of fine material in a soil can also significantly dilute geochemical signatures if −63 μm (<80 mesh) samples are used for soil surveys during exploration.