南昌市厚田剖面末次冰期风沙沉积的粒度分维特征及其揭示的古环境意义

赣江下游阶地上断续发育着系列沙丘砂－砂质古土壤序列,有助于探讨亚热带地区粒度分维特征对古环境的指示意义。在多次综合考察的基础上,选择南昌市新建区的厚田剖面开展工作,在OSL年代和粒度测试基础上,采用分形理论中的幂指函数关系法分析了粒度分维特征,并将其与黏粒体积分数、平均粒径、冬夏季风敏感粒径、南京葫芦洞石笋氧同位素进行对比。结果表明：1）厚田剖面的沙丘砂－砂质古土壤序列主要形成于末次冰期（14.9—77.0 ka）,其中沙丘砂的分维值为2.04~2.62（平均值2.34）,砂质古土壤为2.24~2.70（平均值2.51）。2）分维值与夏季风强度敏感粒径呈正相关性,与冬季风强度敏感粒径呈负相关性,且与粒度分选性密切相关,标准偏差越小则分维值越小,反之则越大。3）分维值在垂向上呈现峰谷交替旋回,峰值分别对应MIS2早期、MIS3c和MIS3a阶段,该时期夏季风强盛,气候暖湿,砂质古土壤发育;谷值分别对应MIS2晚期、MIS3b和MIS4阶段,该时期冬季风强盛,气候干冷,沙丘砂发育。说明厚田沙地在末次冰期发生了3次气候冷暖旋回,其中还明显记录了H5、H6的极端寒冷事件。由此可见,鄱阳湖地区的风沙沉积序列基本同步于区域乃至全球性气候变化事件。     

Numerical study on the interaction among a nonlinear wave,composite breakwater and sandy seabed

Most previous investigations related to composite breakwaters have focused on the wave forces acting on the structure itself from a hydrodynamic aspect. The foundational aspects of a composite breakwater under wave-induced cyclic loading are also important in studying the stability of a composite breakwater. In this study, numerical simulations were performed to investigate the wave-induced pore water pressure and flow changes inside the rubble mound of the composite breakwater and seabed foundation. The validity and applicability of the numerical model were demonstrated by comparing numerical results with existing experimental data. Moreover, the present model clearly has shown that the instantaneous directions of pore water flow motion inside the seabed induced by surface waves are in good agreement with the general wave-induced pore water flow inside the seabed. The model is further used to discuss the stability of a composite breakwater, i.e., the interaction among nonlinear waves, composite breakwater and seabed. Numerical results suggest that the stability of a composite breakwater is affected by not only downward shear flow generating on the seaward slope face of the rubble mound but, also, a high and dense pore water pressure gradient inside the rubble mound and seabed foundation.     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7段深水重力流沉积类型

以鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7段取芯段为主要研究对象,以详细的岩芯观察为基础,以Z43井为例,研究鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段深水重力流沉积类型及其特征.研究结果表明,研究区主要发育砂质碎屑流沉积、低密度浊流沉积及混合事件层三种沉积类型.砂质碎屑流沉积整体呈块状,岩性为中—细砂岩,内部可见多个接触面,为多套砂质碎屑流沉积...     

河西走廊中部砾质戈壁蛛形纲节肢动物群落特征

戈壁中蕴含了丰富的动植物资源,蛛形纲节肢动物是戈壁中重要的节肢动物类群,在戈壁生态系统食物网中扮演重要角色.以河西走廊中部典型砾质戈壁为研究区,2018年和2019年逐月监测了蛛形纲节肢动物种类及数量.结果表明:砾质戈壁有22个蛛形纲节肢动物种或属,Steatoda albomaculata、Xysticus spp....     

A coupled two‐phase fluid flow and elastoplastic deformation model for unsaturated soils: theory,implementation, and application

Although numerous numerical models have been proposed for simulating the coupled hydromechanical behaviors in unsaturated soils, few studies satisfactorily reproduced the soil–water–air three‐phase coupling processes. Particularly, the impacts of deformation dependence of water retention curve, bonding stress, and gas flow on the coupled processes were less examined within a coupled soil–water–air model. Based on our newly developed constitutive models (Hu et al., 2013, 2014, 2015) in which the soil–water–air couplings have been appropriately captured, this study develops a computer code named F²Mus3D to investigate the coupled processes with a focus on the above impacts. In the numerical implementation, the generalized‐α time integration scheme was adopted to solve the equations, and a return‐mapping implicit stress integration scheme was used to update the state variables. The numerical model was verified by two well‐designed laboratory tests and was applied for modeling the coupled elastoplastic deformation and two‐phase fluid flow processes in a homogenous soil slope induced by rainfall infiltration. The simulation results demonstrated that the numerical model well reproduces the initiation of a sheared zone at the toe of the slope and its propagation toward the crest as the rain infiltration proceeds, which manifests a typical mechanism for rainfall‐induced shallow landslides. The simulated plastic strain and deformation would be remarkably underestimated when the bonding stress and/or the deformation‐dependent nature of hydraulic properties are ignored in the coupled model. But on the contrary, the negligence of gas flow in the slope soil results in an overestimation of the rainfall‐induced deformation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geological and engineering characteristics of expansive soils and rocks in northern Oman

The geology and former climate of northern Oman favoured the formation of smectite clay minerals in certain materials which are implicated in ground heave problems. Investigations have shown that the smectite content of these expansive materials was developed in Oligocene, Miocene and Pliocene times. No evidence of a significant content of smectite was found in pre Eocene strata or in Quaternary strata, except for Desert Fill. It is shown that the main types of expansive materials in northern Oman are bentonitic mudstones, marls and silty mudstones, argillaceous dolomitic limestone, altered conglomerates and the desert fill derived from these. These swelling materials exist as impersistent bands within the bedrock Tertiary conglomerates and limestones. A geotechnical testing program was carried out on undisturbed samples from Sultan Qaboos University staff housing areas where building damage had occurred, to evaluate mineralogical composition, cation content and swelling characteristics. The test results characterized these soils/rocks as highly expansive type with Na-smectite as the dominant clay mineral.     

Recognition of aeolian soils of the Blayney district, NSW: implications for mineral exploration

Aeolian soils in the Blayney district are characterised by having approximately 80% of their mass finer than 63 μm, Ti/Zr ratios of approximately 12, radioelement contents of 0.7% K, 2 ppm eU and 11 ppm eTh and a position high in the landscape. Their Ti/Zr ratio and abundant quartz content distinguishes them from soils derived from Tertiary basalts, which share some of the other characteristics. Many soils in the district have a partial aeolian contribution, which can be recognised by a Ti/Zr ratio that differs from that of the underlying rock. Abundance of an aeolian contribution suggests that airborne radiometric surveys should be very carefully interpreted. Ground studies suggest that high Th content in soils contrasted with low Th in adjacent rocks can be indicative of an aeolian contribution in soils. A substantial amount of fine material in a soil can also significantly dilute geochemical signatures if −63 μm (<80 mesh) samples are used for soil surveys during exploration.     

砂石泵轴端密封的研究与设计

介绍了１５０ＳＢＤ－１２型离心式砂石泵轴端密封的结构原理和相应的技术措施,双浮动密封装置成功地取代了传统的填料密封,并取得了良好的使用效果。     

主要是地区经验还是具有通用性——论土体原位测试的应用范围

土体原位测试在工程勘察中应用很广,但其应用范围主要是地区性的还是全国性的一直是个未解决的问题。作者认为,由于所测试的对象是土,同一时代、同一成因、同一类别的土在不同地区的工程性质是大同小异的,同一种测试方法的机理在不同地区的同类土中也是相同的;作者还根据大量的实际资料证明土体原位测试的应用具有通用性。作者建议,应进行大范围研究,提出更多适合全国乃至全世界的土体原位测试应用公式和图表,以扩大其应用广度和提高其应用精度。