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61.
Michael H. Ramsey Paul D. Taylor Katy A. Boon 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):209-210
All geochemical measurements require the taking of field samples, but the uncertainty that this process causes is often ignored when assessing the reliability of the interpretation, of the geochemistry or the health implications. Recently devised methods for the estimation, optimisation and reduction of this uncertainty have been evaluated by their application to the investigation of contaminated land. Uncertainty of measurement caused by primary sampling has been estimated for a range of six different contaminated land site investigations, using an increasingly recognized procedure. These site investigations were selected to reflect a wide range of different sizes, contaminants (organic and metals), previous land uses (e.g. tin mining, railway sidings and gas works), intended future use (housing to nature reserves) and routinely applied sampling methods. The results showed that the uncertainty on measurements was substantial, ranging from 25% to 186% of the concentration values at the different sites. Sampling was identified as the dominant source of the uncertainty (〉70% of measurement uncertainty) in most cases. The fitness-for-purpose of the measurements was judged using the optimized contaminated land investigation (OCLI) method. This identifies the optimal level of uncertainty that reduces to overall financial loss caused by the measurement procedures and the misclassification of the contamination, caused by the uncertainty. Generally the uncertainty of the actual measurements made in these different site investigations was found to be sub-optimal, and too large by a factor of approximately two. The uncertainty is usually limited by the sampling, but this can be reduced by increasing the sample mass by a factor of 4 (predicted by sampling theory). It is concluded that knowing the value of the uncertainty enables the interpretation to be made more reliable, and that sampling is the main factor limiting most investigations. This new approach quantifies this problem for the first time, and allows sampling procedures to be critically evaluated, and modified, to improve the reliability of the geochemical assessment. 相似文献
62.
Histograms of observations from spatial phenomena are often found to be more heavy-tailed than Gaussian distributions, which
makes the Gaussian random field model unsuited. A T-distributed random field model with heavy-tailed marginal probability density functions is defined. The model is a generalization
of the familiar Student-T distribution, and it may be given a Bayesian interpretation. The increased variability appears cross-realizations, contrary
to in-realizations, since all realizations are Gaussian-like with varying variance between realizations. The T-distributed random field model is analytically tractable and the conditional model is developed, which provides algorithms
for conditional simulation and prediction, so-called T-kriging. The model compares favourably with most previously defined random field models. The Gaussian random field model
appears as a special, limiting case of the T-distributed random field model. The model is particularly useful whenever multiple, sparsely sampled realizations of the
random field are available, and is clearly favourable to the Gaussian model in this case. The properties of the T-distributed random field model is demonstrated on well log observations from the Gullfaks field in the North Sea. The predictions
correspond to traditional kriging predictions, while the associated prediction variances are more representative, as they
are layer specific and include uncertainty caused by using variance estimates. 相似文献
63.
通过龙永煤田现有煤矿状况调查分析发现:许多矿井已步入“花甲之年”,接近矿井服务年限。为了保障我省能源安全,应当采用有效勘探方法,方能使它们“返老还童”。研究发现危机矿山延长服务年限的几种勘探模式是:其一为扩大(延伸)勘探模式;其二为小型井田(块段)勘探模式;其三为资料分析研究模式。经探采对比发现,采用这三种勘探模式后,产生了巨大的经济效益,使一大批老矿井青春再度焕发。 相似文献
64.
地质单位财务管理咨询刍议 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
地质单位对自身无力解决的重要财务管理问题应该寻求外部咨询机构的有效帮助,针对地质单位财务管理中存在的主要问题提出需要咨询课题,而咨询机构通过对地质单位的财务状况进行调查分析后,提出科学、合理有效的财务管理改善方案和指导实施方案。 相似文献
65.
通过对漳平市吾祠煤矿区的煤层地质构造特征分析,探讨了复杂构造条件下的矿井生产布局,主要是煤矿区段水平划分、煤炭采区的巷道布置、采煤方法及有关地质硐探等问题,对矿山开发有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
66.
利用GIS的强大空间数据架构功能,将各类水文物探数据与空间数据相关联,建立了基于GIS技术的综合水文物探系统。水文物探数据量大,而且复杂多变,本系统利用新兴的GIS技术和数据库功能对水文物探属性数据与空间数据进行有效的整合,高效地管理空间与属性数据,实现了图形编辑、空间分析、数据的查询与统计、专题图绘制、以及数值模拟等功能。利用本系统可对图形进行空间处理分析,对各类数据进行各种查询,实现图形和数据的互动,并对所获得的数据制作各种专题图,并且通过数值模拟具体、直观的再现观测实体的空间位置与相应的属性,为综合预测与评估提供科学依据。 相似文献
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70.
根据宋楼煤矿主斜井直流电法勘探资料及矿井地质及水文地质条件的分析,煤矿主斜井突水原因应该是来自第四系砂砾石含水层及深层地下岩溶水。通过电法勘探确定裂隙发育带、富水区域、涌水部位,对此处实施钻孔注浆堵水后,恢复生产。 相似文献