航摄底片信息容量的确定

为了定量地分析航摄底片的信息容量,本文在影象数字化的基础上,从理论上分析信息容量的估算公式,监重点研究用“比特分割”的方法确定其有效的比特数。     

放射性测量技术在油气勘查中的应用

本文介绍的油气勘查中的放射性测量，是一种油气普查新方法。它是利用油田上出现的负异常（或叫偏低场），反映了油气田的大体轮廓的基本原理进行的。前人及作者都取得了一定的工作成果。虽然取得了初步效果，但对机理等问题仍需进一步研究和完善。     

地球油气资源潜力是自然科学的基本问题

层序地层学自１９８７年问世以来，在国外如火如荼地发展起来，石油地质界对它的发展尤为关注。然而，在我国却显得举步维艰，进展缓慢。本文讨论了出现这种状况的起因：①不认识地震反射界面基本上是等时面；②认为地震／层序地层学是研究被动大陆边缘海相地层产生的，不适于非海相地层；③常规剖面中的地震反射频率和分辨率太低，不足以进行层序地层学研究；④层序地层学属纯理论科学，脱离油气勘探实际，采纳它的概念可能打气生产秩序。最后文章从正面阐述了开展层序地层学研究的必要性。     

频率测深波区视电阻率响应和正演计算

本文对频率测深电偶源发射时的波区视电阻率响应进行了较系统的讨论,指出了国内现有理论中的一些错误。研究发现,在进行波区视电阻率响应的理论推导时,当基底电阻率有限时进行零级近似是正确的,但当基底电阻率为无限大时,进行零级近似是不完善的,必须进行修改。利用正确的公式进行了视电阻率响应的正演计算,结果表明,利用零级近似得出的公式与利用一级近似得出的公式计算的视电阻率响应曲线首支部分符合较好,但对于有高阻基底存在的地电断面,响应曲线尾支差异很大。     

金矿化探

使用地球化学方法找寻金矿床近年来在我国取得突破性进展。这是因为我国将金列为区域化探全面扫面必分析的元素,将金的分析捡出限降至百亿分之几,并研制了高效率的能达到这样捡出限要求的分析方法。但今后要使化探找金的效果继续提高,还需加强研究工作,包括综合研究已发现的大量金与其伴生元素的区域异常,金在表生环境中的行为及金矿床的原生晕并探索找金的地球化学新技术。     

锡矿体变化特征及其勘探意义

本文通过勘探变量的统计得分法以及聚类和特征分析法,将矿体变化性按成因分为四类.按不同的取样观测方法,将矿体变化性分为群体的、单体的和局部的三类,并以实例说明上述分类在矿体预测和勘探中的实际应用.     

~(231)Pa测量法在铀矿普查勘探中的应用

本文系统地介绍了~(231)Pa测量法在某些方面应用的研究成果,主要包括:在普查阶段鉴别地面放射性测量的异常,在勘探阶段研究不平衡铀矿床以及在地质研究工作中测定某些近期地质事件发生的年代。另外,还给出了一些实例。     

~(218)Po法寻找隐伏铀矿体初见成效

本文介绍了一种寻找隐伏铀矿体的快速测氡方法,即~(218)Po法。作者叙述了该法的工作原理、特点以及找矿效果,并阐述了~(218)Po法寻找隐伏铀矿体的可能性。最后着重叙述了~(218)Po法测量结果的解释方法。通过野外试验,作者认为:~(218)Po法不仅可以寻找隐伏铀矿体,而且能够定量预测盲矿体的埋藏深度与规模。     

Efficiency of kriging estimation for square, triangular, and hexagonal grids

Although several researchers have pointed out some advantages and disadvantages of various soil sampling designs in the presence of spatial autocorrelation, a more detailed study is presented herein which examines the geometrical relationship of three sampling designs, namely the square, the equilateral triangle, and the regular hexagon. Both advantages and disadvantages exist in the use of these designs with respect to estimation of the semivariogram and their effect on the mean square error or variance of error. This research could be used to design optimal sampling strategies; it is based on the theory of regionalized variables, in which the intrinsic hypothesis is satisfied. Among alternative designs, an equilateral triangle design gives the most reliable estimate of the semivariogram. It also gives the minimum maximum mean square error of point estimation of the concentration over the other two designs for the same number of measurements when the nugget effect is small relative to the variance. If the nugget effect is large (.90 ² or more), and the linear sampling density is >0.85r where r is the range, the hexagonal design is best. This study computes and compares the maximum mean square error for each of these designs.     

Automatic sampling of stream water during storm events in small remote catchments

In order to study the relationship between water composition and stream flow rate, it is desirable to sample at a frequency related to flow rate, especially during storm events. In a rural catchment of 18 ha near Oxford, the rate of rainfall was found to be linearly related to discharge on the rising limb of the stream hydrograph. A sampling system was therefore designed in which electrical pulses from a tipping-bucket raingauge were used to initiate and control the action of an automatic water sampler. A threshold rainfall intensity is set above which sampling commences. Sampling then continues at regular increments of rainfall until the intensity drops below the threshold, after which sampling occurs at regular intervals during the period that the stream flow reverts to normal. The CMOS electrical circuits which control the sampling also operate a cassette tape recorder which records the time of each tip of the raingauge and operation of the sampler. Since the sytem is designed to impose very little additional load on the battery which powers the water sampler, and can operate unattended for at least a fortnight, it is ideal for use in small, remote catchments. The system has been extended to include measurements of water temperature and could provide other measurements as well.