便携式X荧光仪在土壤和水系沉积物样品中的应用研究

分析仪器小型化、现场化、瞬间化、智能化是未来地质调查重要支撑技术,这里采用新型SI-PIN探测器,研制出了便携式X荧光分析仪,并对地质土壤、水系沉积物样品中Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Pb等多种元素进行了分析研究。这里主要介绍了该仪器的技术指标、性能以及软件功能,给出了分析条件选择、干扰和校正、漂移校正的方法,该方法在国家工矿企业的现场分析工作中具有良好的应用前景。     

Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic records hidden in zircons from amphibolites in Sulu Terrane, eastern China

Abstract The amphibolites occur sporadically as thin layers and blocks throughout the Sulu Terrane, eastern China. All analyzed amphibolite from outcrop and drill cores from prepilot drill hole CCSD‐PP1 and CCSD‐PP2, Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project in the Sulu Terrane, are retrograded eclogites overprinted by amphibolite‐facies retrograde metamorphism, with characteristic mineral assemblages of amphibole + plagioclase + epidote ± quartz ± biotite ± ilmenite ± titanite. However, coesite and coesite‐bearing ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) mineral assemblages are identified by Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe analysis as inclusions in zircons separated from these amphibolites. In general, coesite and other UHP mineral inclusions are preserved in the cores and mantles of zircons, whereas quartz inclusions occur in the rims of the same zircons. The UHP mineral assemblages consist mainly of coesite + garnet + omphacite + rutile, coesite + garnet + omphacite, coesite + garnet + omphacite + phengite + rutile + apatite, coesite + omphacite + rutile and coesite + magnesite. Compositions of analyzed mineral inclusions are very similar to those of matrix minerals from Sulu eclogites. These UHP mineral inclusion assemblages yield temperatures of 631–780°C and pressures of ≥2.8 × 10³ MPa, representing the P–T conditions of peak metamorphism of these rocks, which are consistent with those (T = 642–726°C; P ≥ 2.8 × 10³ MPa) deduced from adjacent eclogites. These data indicate that the amphibolites are the retrogressive products of UHP eclogites.     

瞬变电磁法中数据取样处理方法的研究

通过对瞬变电磁法中信号检测技术的研究,针对密集均匀分布的多点数据采集方式,提出对原始数据进行近似等对数间隔(1.2倍关系)抽道取样并采样数据窗内的数据进行几何平均的算法,可提高信号对噪声的抑制能力.     

Recent Development in Simultaneous Multi-Element Determination of the Platinum Group Elements and Gold in Geological and Environmental Samples

In recent years, the modern methods of multi-element analysis of precious metals have attracted wide attention in scientific research and industry. The application and development in the decomposition of samples, separation and enrichment, and modern instrumental analysis of the platinum-group elements (PGEs) and gold in geological and environmental samples have been reviewed. Finally, the tendency of analysis of precious metals is also prospected.     

Multi-Element Reference Samples of Black Shale

This paper describes the creation of two new reference samples of black shale, SCHS-1 and SLg-1, collected in the Bodaibo Region of Irkutsk District (Siberia, Russia). These samples have been developed as State Standard Samples to meet the requirements of Russia's Normative Documents, so that they can be recognised by the Russian State Certification Agency and included on the State Register of certified reference materials. SCHS-1 was produced from shale of the Khomolkho suite; SLg-1 represents the average composition of the Sukhoy Log gold deposit (within Au mineralisation). The homogeneity was assessed by applying the concept of potential inhomogeneity, and the inhomogeneity uncertainties (σ_inhom) for the indicator elements that were estimated experimentally by silicate XRF analysis. It was found that a majority of the indicator elements was characterised by σ_inhom/Δ_p < 1/8 (Δ_p is the permissible certification uncertainty), and so σ_inhom was neglected for the indicator elements and all other elements that were included in their respective group. The value of σ_inhom calculated for Fe (σ_inhom,Fe/Δ_p > 1 /8) was taken into consideration for the noble metals and their associated elements (e.g., Ag, As, Au, etc.). More than fifty laboratories (thirty-seven from Russia) were involved in the interlaboratory experiment (ILE) to analyse these reference samples. The data obtained from the ILE allowed SCHS-1 and SLg-1 to be certified for, fifty-one and forty-three elements, respectively, as State Standard Samples.     

遥感图像分类自动选取最优波段组合的方法研究

在遥感影像计算机自动识别与分类中,选取最佳的波段子集对地物进行分类对提高分类精度至关重要。根据统计学原理,遥感影像中属于某类别地物的特征向量服从正态分布,训练样本的正态性检验是关键,基于此理论,本文利用TM影像数据,通过检验所选取的训练区的正态性与否,让计算机自动的选取最优的波段组合,并对分类的精度进行评估。研究表明,计算机自动选取最佳波段组合后对分类精度的预先评估,较常规分类后再进行数据检验精度评估方法方便,快捷,省时,省力。     

ICP—OES测定地球化学样品中La，Y，Ba

水系沉积物、土壤等试样用HF-HCl-HNO3-HClO4混酸消解后,以8％（v／v）HNO3溶解于渣,建立了测定地球化学样品中La,Y,Ba 3种微量元素的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）方法。方法测定限（μg／L,10SD）为：La 6．0,Y 1．0,Ba 1．0。精密度（RSD％,n=11）为：0．20～1．50,经国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合,该方法现已用于区域化探试样的分析。     

快速测定化探样品同一溶液中的铜铅锌砷锑铋

传统方法分析化探样品中的铜铅锌砷锑铋需两次称样、溶矿,工作量大、成本高。本文作者在原有方法上进行部分改进,采用王水一次溶矿,分别用原子吸收-原子荧光测定土壤化探样品中同一体系的铜铅锌砷锑铋的含量,经国家一级标准样品的验证,此种方法快捷、简便,其检出限、准确度和精密度均符合规范要求。     

地质样品中高精度铬同位素分析纯化技术研究进展

随着多接收器热电离质谱仪(MC-TIMS)和多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)的发展,高精度铬(Cr)同位素测试已成为可能。铬同位素在地球、环境、农业生态和宇宙化学等科学领域中已显示出良好的应用潜力。然而,样品的纯化分离、干扰和仪器质量分馏的校正,依然是制约铬同位素高精度测试的重要因素。本文在近年来铬同位素分析技术最新进展的基础上,结合本课题组已有的研究,对陨石、地质和环境等各类样品中铬同位素的分离纯化方法、MC-ICP-MS测试中干扰与质量歧视校正等进行了详细综述。本文认为,阴阳离子树脂交换联用与过硫酸钾等强氧化剂的结合,可以进行低铬高基质样品的有效纯化,是一种较为普适性的纯化方法。使用铬同位素双稀释剂校正质量歧视效应,在MC-ICP-MS的中高分辨与静态测量模式下,不仅可以有效分开多原子离子的干扰,而且也可以进行高精度铬同位素分析,其δ~(53/52)Cr的分析精度与TIMS相当,可以达到0.04‰(2SD),且最低测试浓度可低至10ng,能够实现超微量铬的同位素分析。     

First record of Prorocentrum lima (Dinophyceae) inside harbor areas and along the Abruzzo region coast, W Adriatic

Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) Dodge has been found for the first time during the summer of 2007 inside Ortona harbor and along the coast of the Abruzzo region, a slightly eutrophic area influenced by runoff from a nearby river. The investigations were conducted in two harbors and at six coastal sampling stations. Samplings were conducted using a phytoplankton net and with a pump. Average P. lima cellular concentrations were 3.2 × 10⁴ cells L⁻¹. Other well-known toxic and potentially toxic phytoplankton species have been considered. The number of toxic cells from net samples were higher than the numbers of toxic cell samples collected without the net. Occurrences of P. lima with abiotic factors revealed that temperature was positively correlated with P. lima abundance (p = 0.01), while salinity was highly negatively correlated with P. lima presence (p = 0.001). The total phytoplankton community was studied.