Seismic images of a collision zone offshore NW Sabah/Borneo

Multichannel reflection seismic data from the southern South China Sea, refraction and gravity modelling were used to investigate the compressional sedimentary structures of the collision-prone continental margin off NW Borneo. An elongated imbricate deepwater fan, the toe Thrust Zone bounds the Northwest Borneo Trough to the southeast. The faults separating the individual imbricates cut through post-Early Miocene sediments and curve down to a carbonate platform at the top of the subsiding continental Dangerous Grounds platform that forms the major detachment surface. The age of deformation migrates outward toward the front of the wedge. We propose crustal shortening mechanisms as the main reason for the formation of the imbricate fan. At the location of the in the past defined Lower Tertiary Thrust Sheet tectonostratigraphic province a high velocity body was found but with a much smaller extend than the previously defined structure. The high velocity structure may be interpreted either as carbonates that limit the transfer of seismic energy into the sedimentary layers beneath or as Paleogene Crocker sediments dissected by remnants of a proto-South China Sea oceanic crust that were overthrust onto a southward migrating attenuated continental block of the Dangerous Grounds during plate convergence.     

新疆盐湖卤水成分及其成因

根据野外考察和室内研究资料，论述了新疆盐湖的概况，卤水主要和次要成分，盐湖的水化学类型。探讨了盐湖卤水化学成分的来源和集散特点。     

陕北定边盐湖卤水水位历史演变及其气候指示意义(1265—1949年)

受自然环境和资料限制的原因,中国西北的季风边缘区内的湖泊千-百年时间尺度演变序列重建工作存在不足.历史文献中的湖泊演变信息丰富,有效利用可较好地解决这一问题.本文通过梳理历史文献记录的定边盐湖采盐方式资料,反演历史时期定边盐湖卤水水位,重建公元1265-1949年陕北定边盐湖卤水水位演变序列,该序列较好地指示出公元12...     

The Luzon Strait transport variations during 1997～2000

Based on the output data from 1997 to 2000 obtained by the MITgcm's (general circulation model) adjoint assimilation method, volume, heat and salt transports through the Luzon Strait are calculated. The results indicate that there are obvious different characteristics between 1997 and 1998～2000 on the transports through the Luzon Strait. During 1997, theLuzon Strait had a mean net westward transport of 3.93×10⁶ m³/s with a maximum transport of 7.34×10⁶ m³/s in October. During 1998～2000, the Luzon Strait possessed an annual mean eastward transport of 0.93×10⁶, 1.80×10⁶ and 1.00×10⁶ m³/s respectively with a maximum eastward transport of 4.10×10⁶/3.31×10⁶ m³/s in July 1998/1999 and 2.06×10⁶ m³/s in April 2000, respectively. Moreover, the transports in 1997 indicated a difference from the other years, i.e.,that the ranges of westward inflows expanded more obviously to north of the Luzon Strait and downwards exceedingthose of the other years. The westward inflows expanded horizontally to the north part of the Luzon Strait until 21°N.     

潜江盐湖盆地生储盖组合特征

潜江盐湖盆地是我国内陆独一无二的高盐度盐湖沉积盆地。本文在分析其岩性韵律特征的基础上,探讨了潜江盐湖生储盖组合特征。研究表明,潜江凹陷潜江组是在干湿频繁交替的古气候条件下,在高盐度、强蒸发、还原—强还原水体中,由北部单向碎屑物源及凹陷周缘卤水与盐源补给形成的盐系地层,岩性组合的有序变化形成了多套生储盖组合系统,不但反映出潜江盐湖沉积的特殊性和复杂性,而且具有十分优越的成油气地质条件。     

深井蠕变地层钻井液密度优化技术

深部地层盐岩钻井是钻井工程中的重大技术难题之一。由于盐岩性能的特殊性,当钻开井眼后盐岩蠕变,常造成井眼失稳、卡钻、固井后挤毁套管等事故,给钻井带来重大经济损失。结合山东胜科1井钻井工程,对深部地层盐岩及软泥岩等岩层的蠕变速率进行测试,采用三维数值模拟方法获得了盐岩及软泥岩的蠕变参数。并通过所获得的蠕变参数,对胜利油田东营区块盐岩及软泥岩井眼不同深度、不同钻井液密度下地层的蠕变速率进行了分析,获得了盐岩及软泥岩井眼许可钻井液密度。研究成果可以为钻井工程钻井液密度选用提供指导意义。     

硬壳覆盖条件下土壤冻融期水盐运动规律研究

采用大田试验,研究了水泥硬壳覆盖后冻融期土壤温度、水分、盐分的变化规律,采用室内土柱试验,研究了冻融交替时期土壤中的水盐运动规律,试验表明,土壤水泥硬壳覆盖后土壤的冻结时间减少,冻结深度变浅;明显抑制土壤水分的无效蒸发;明显抑制土壤在融冻时期的土壤返盐,同时由于“冻层滞水”在春季的融化,有淋洗表层土壤盐分的作用,使土壤表层脱盐,土柱脱融试验进一步说明,土壤经冻融过程后,土壤中的水盐发生了重新分布。     

Spatial and temporal variations in aboveground and belowground biomass of Spartina maritima (small cordgrass) in created and natural marshes

Spartina species are commonly used for salt marsh manipulative projects, where aboveground and belowground biomasses are functional traits that play important roles, showing high spatial and temporal variations. This work analyses variations in AGB and BGB of Spartina maritima and abiotic environmental parameters along a chronosequence of six marshes created from 1997 to 2003 with disparate sediment dynamics, and adjacent natural marshes and unvegetated tidal flats. S. maritima behaved as an autogenic engineer, as its colonization of bare sediments yielded abiotic environmental changes: specifically, bed level rise accompanied by higher oxygenation and salinity. These modifications of the environment were site-specific, depending mainly on sedimentary dynamics. At the same time, abiotic environmental changes determined biomass production rates of S. maritima that were higher in more-accreting marshes; however, AGB was kept constant from early in its development (2 years). The increase in BGB with elevation seemed to be related to the inhibition of subsurface tissue development in anoxic sediments. Biomass accumulation and production varied markedly, depending on the spatial scale, indicating the relevance of the plot size chosen for the analysis of biomass of cordgrasses. Our results show that managers of salt marshes should consider sedimentary dynamics carefully when setting realistic expectations for success criteria of created and restored wetlands.     

盐分对胡杨幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

基于控制试验研究了盐分对胡杨实生幼苗生长及光合特性的影响。结果表明:①随着盐浓度增大,盐分对胡杨幼苗株高、基径及生物量影响明显,其程度大小为叶＞根＞茎。当土壤含盐量小于18.32 g·kg-1(50 mmol NaCl)时,该处理幼苗生物量比无盐处理Ⅰ(0 mmol NaCl)的减小了30%左右;当土壤含盐量达到27.95 g·kg-1 (200 mmol NaCl)时,该处理幼苗的生物量比无盐处理Ⅰ的减小了80%左右,幼苗难以正常生长。②盐分对胡杨幼苗的光合速率和水分利用效率影响显著。随着盐浓度增大,胡杨幼苗的净光合速率下降。当土壤含盐量小于18.32 g·kg-1时,胡杨幼苗可以通过降低蒸腾速率,提高自身的水分利用效率和耐盐性;当土壤含盐量大于18.32 g·kg-1时,胡杨幼苗的水分利用效率降低,幼苗生长表现出盐害症状。③随着盐浓度增大,盐分对胡杨幼苗的荧光特性影响明显,最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ的有效光化学量子效率（Fv′/Fm′）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）、电子传递速率（ETR）显著减小,非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）呈增大趋势。     

贵州茂兰喀斯特森林植被演替序列的数量分析

综合运用双向指示种分析法( TWINSPAN)及除趋势对应分析法( DCA)进行分类及排序,确定了贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区森林群落的演替序列。结果表明: 根据DCA排序可将研究区植被群落的演替过程分为四个阶段,即草地→ 灌丛→乔林→顶极群落;根据TW IN SPAN分类结果可将植被分为11个群丛,其中,第Ⅰ 、Ⅱ 、Ⅲ 、Ⅳ 群丛为草本阶段,第Ⅴ 、Ⅵ 群丛为灌丛阶段,Ⅶ 、Ⅷ 、Ⅸ 群丛为乔林阶段,第Ⅹ 、Ⅺ群丛为顶极阶段。茂兰喀斯特植被演替顶极群落为亚热带常绿落叶阔叶林群落,是一种典型的地形— 土壤演替顶极,是植被与当地环境长期适应的结果。