库车前陆褶皱冲断带前缘滑脱层内部变形特征

古近系库姆格列木组和新近系吉迪克组膏盐层构成了库车前陆褶皱冲断带的区域滑脱层。在褶皱冲断带前缘,膏盐层发生塑性流动,其内部形成多种构造样式。根据野外考察、地震剖面解释和钻井资料识别出的膏盐层内部构造变形样式主要包括盐枕、盐墙、盐推覆、鱼尾构造、盐焊接(断层焊接)、盐缩颈、透镜状增厚和盐垛等盐构造。盐构造在形成时间上具有一定的演化序列,库车前陆褶皱冲断带总体表现为由北向南迁移,前缘秋里塔格构造带则是从西往东迁移,盐推覆、盐焊接、盐枕等构造形成时间较早,盐墙形成较晚,东秋地区的盐构造形成时间整体较西段和中段晚,规模也较小。     

Heavy metal history from cores in Wellington Harbour,New Zealand

Analysis of ten heavy metals (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn) in six sediment cores from Wellington Harbour show both anthropogenic enrichments and diagenetic modifications. Absolute concentrations determined by two methods, x-ray fluorescence and acid leaching for bioavailability, are not comparable. However, vertical trends in concentrations of the cored sediment are comparable. To assess levels of anthropogenic pollution, enrichment factors (enriched concentrations in upper core divided by background levels in lower core) are preferred over index of accumulation (I _geo) values because preindustrial or background levels of heavy metals are well constrained. The ten metals are placed into three groups: (1) Cu, Pb, and Zn, which show the most anthropogenic enrichment; (2) As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Sb, which are often associated with anthropogenic pollution but show only minor enrichment; and (3) Fe and Mn, which are diagenetically enriched. Assuming harbor waters are well mixed, anthropogenic enrichments of Cu, Pb, and Zn, are time correlative, but the degree of enrichment depends on the method of analysis and core location. Levels of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn show small variations in preindustrial sediments that are not related to changes in grain size and probably result from changes in the oxidation-reduction potential of the sediments and salinity of the pore waters.     

Pyrite Oxidation in Leaching Process of Radionuclides and Heavy Metals from Uranium Mill Tailings

Pyrite is a sensitive mineral in the geological environment,and its oxidation produces an important geochemical and environmental effect on the control of the redox and pH conditions.Column experiment results were used for modeling the geochemical processes in uranium mill tailings under leac-hing conditions.Oxidation of pyrite dominates the control of the tailings leaching process.The experi-mental and modeling results show that the leachate chemistry changes substantially with the decrease in pyrite consumption.In the initial stage of the leaching experiment,the pyrite is consumed several hun-dred times grater than that in the later stages,for much more oxygen is present in the tailings in the ini-tial stage.As the experiment continues,the tailings is gradually saturated with water and the oxygen concentration greatly decreases and so does pyrite consumption.The experimental and modeling results are useful for the design of mill tailing decommissioning:oxidation process and transport of radioactive nuclides and heavy metals can be constrained by controlling the oxygen concentration of tailings and the infiltration of meteoric water.     

重庆中坝遗址地层Na-Ca元素含量揭示的制盐业兴衰史

Based on dynastic period division and AMS ^14 C dating performed on the sedimentary layers at Zhongba and Yuxi sites,and also the analysis of Na,Ca and Mg of 201 sedimentary samples from Zhongba site and that of Ca and Na in 47 sedimentary samples from Yuxi by using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP）,we found that there were 35 time periods when the contents of Ca and Na were reversely correlated,i.e.whenever the content of Ca was the highest,the content of Na was the lowest,and vice versa. Among them,there were 21 time periods when the content of Ca was the highest,and Na was the lowest,indicating that there were about 21 prosperous periods of ancient salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.Other 14 time periods with the peak values of Na while the low values of Ca indicate 14 declined periods of salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.The conclusion obtained from the reverse relationship between Ca and Na contents in this paper is consistent with that＂the salt production at Zhongba site started in the new stone age,developed in the Xia and Shang dynasties,reached at the heyday in periods from the Western Zhou to the Han Dynasties,maintained stable to develop in the Tang and the Song dynasties,and gradually declined after the Song Dynasty because the sea salt were conveyed into Sichuan region,however,still had production in the 1970s-1980s＂,educed from archeological exploration.All the above mentioned results indicate that there is a reverse relationship obviously between the contents of Na and Ca in sediments at Zhongba site for ancient salt production,which can be used to reveal the process of rise and decline of ancient salt industry at Zhongba site.     

含NaCl和Na2SO4双组分盐渍土的水盐相变温度研究

盐渍土相变温度是判断土体中水分冻结与融化、盐分结晶与溶解的重要参数.不同盐分含量相变温度的差异,给盐渍土在降温过程中的水盐迁移过程及变形规律的模拟带来极大的不确定性.通过降温试验,研究了降温过程中氯盐和硫酸盐综合作用盐渍土中水盐相变温度的变化情况.结果表明:全盐量相同时,盐结晶温度随NaCl和Na2SO4比例的不同而不...     

鲁西南黄岗潜凹陷岩盐矿地质特征及找矿远景

黄岗潜凹陷岩盐矿床是山东省地质科学研究院近年发现的一大型岩盐矿产地,预测岩盐矿总资源量超过240×108t.本文在总结黄岗潜凹陷岩盐矿勘查成果的基础上,对区内岩盐矿沉积地质特征及成矿规律、岩相分布规律等进行了初步总结分析.岩盐矿赋矿层位为古近纪官庄群大汶口组中段,岩性为深灰色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩与灰白色膏质泥岩、石盐岩互层...     

Thick-skinned Contractional Salt Structures in the Kuqa Depression, the Northern Tarim Basin: Constraints from Physical Experiments

Thick-skinned contractional salt structures are widely developed in the western Kuqa depression, northern Tarim basin. To understand the mechanisms that govern the development of these structures, physical experiments are conducted and the results show that they are largely governed by the activities of basement faults and the forming of paleo-uplifts and basement slopes. The model materials in this study are dry sand, vaseline and plasticene （or hard foam）, simulating the suprasalt, salt, and subsalt layers respectively. The experiments show that, due to the activities of basement faults and the forming of the paleo-uplifts, salt bodies usually accumulate and thicken significantly on the middle top of the paleo-uplifts which are constrained by the pre-exiting boundary faults. The development of large-scale thrust faults and salt nappes is favored by the basement slops with larger dips. The experiments also conclude that differential structural deformation could occur between the subsalt and suprasalt layers because of the presence of salt layers. Their geometries and the locations of structural highs are different, despite of the great similarities in the uplifted areas. The pierced salt diapir is not observed in the experiments, which indicates that the contractional shortening does not effectively accelerate the development of the salt diapir.     

红土型镍矿床找矿勘查与开发利用新进展

随着全球经济和社会的高速发展,镍的需求量一直保持高位增长趋势。统计数据表明,全球的镍储量约为16亿吨,其中硫化物型镍矿占全部储量的28%,红土型镍矿占72%。鉴于硫化物型镍矿床以品位较高、杂质较少和选冶容易等特点,因此,全球58%左右的镍产量来源于此类矿床。随着硫化物型镍矿床开采量的大量增加和储量快速减少以及后备开采基地的严重不足,因此,人们将开发的重点瞄准了红土型镍矿床。红土型镍矿资源具有以下几个特点：①世界各国已探明的红土型镍的金属量为115亿吨,资源丰富;②无论是找矿勘查,还是矿体的采矿和选矿,其投入成本均很低;③火法冶炼工艺已在工业生产中得到运用,湿法冶炼技术（高压酸浸和堆浸）也正日趋成熟;④红土型镍矿床大多数位于赤道附近,多数临海,便于外运。我国西南和海南岛地区超镁铁质火成岩及其相应的风化层分布广泛,个别岩体（或层）的顶部或旁侧产出有红土型镍矿床（点）,因此,我国有关部门应对红土型镍矿床的找矿勘查和开发利用给予高度重视。     

基于SOA的蒸发岩盆地岩性判别系统

蒸发岩盆地岩性判别系统是用来对测井数据进行处理得出地下有利于成盐地层岩性的解释性系统,由于岩性判别使用的岩性数据库、测井数据库、专家知识库等分布在全国各地,数据结构和维护系统均不相同,难以实现实时的岩性判别.本文建立了蒸发岩盆地岩性判别模型,提出了基于面向服务体系结构的数据存储、数据处理、应用服务、业务流程、客户应用等五层岩性判别系统框架,通过地学Web服务组件将多种分布式的地学数据融合起来协同工作.以羊塔5井测井数据作为基础,验证系统实现了分布式岩性判别的任务,并给出了判别结果,为以后地学领域构建多源、异构的分布式地学数据集成和服务共享提供了一种新型的实现模式.     

中国北西部地区地漫砂岩型铀矿床的成矿条件与分布规律

中亚地区发现大量可地浸砂岩型铀矿床引起了我国的重视，目前正在积极开展此类型铀矿的找矿工作。我国北西部是寻找类似中亚地区层间氧化带后生地浸砂岩型铀矿床最理想的地区，本文在论述了区城大地构造特征、地壳演化与区域铀成矿带形成的基础上，着重阐明了区域中新生代盆地地浸砂岩型铀矿床形成的铀源条件、盆地类型与结构及富铀性对形成地浸砂岩型铀矿的影响；并以区内已有层间氧化带地浸砂岩型铀矿床为例（伊犁盆地、二连盆地与测老庙盆地砂岩型铀矿床），论述了盆地砂岩型铀矿床形成的岩相古地理条件、水文地质与层间氧化带发育条件及对铀成矿的影响；并阐述了本区层间氧化带地浸砂岩型铀矿床的分布规律。