博茨瓦纳马卡迪卡迪盐湖卤水特征及找钾前景分析

马卡迪卡迪盐湖区为一现代干盐湖,盐湖以湖相碎屑沉积为主,在东侧的苏阿干盐湖赋存有高矿化孔隙卤水,通过对盐湖卤水系统的采样分析及综合研究,卤水主要化学组分为Na+和Cl-,其次为CO3^-2、HCO3^-,SO4^-2、K^+,矿化度平均为257.96g/L,卤水水化学类型为碳酸盐型;卤水组分与矿化度呈明显的正相关,表明卤水还未达到饱和阶段;受湖区构造及补给来源的影响,卤水的富集区位于研究区的西北部,同时也是矿化度最高的地区;KCl的含量在0.39%~0.99%之间,平均在0.65%,已超过液体钾盐矿的最低工业品位,分布面积约690km2,具有一定找矿前景。     

Evaluation of boron isotopes in halite as an indicator of the salinity of Qarhan paleolake water in the eastern Qaidam Basin,western China

In this study, nineteen brine samples from the Qarhan Salt Lake (QSL) in western China were collected and analyzed for boron (B) and chlorine (Cl) concentrations, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH values and stable B isotopic compositions. The B concentrations and δ¹¹B values of brines in the QSL range from 51.6 mg/L to 138.4 mg/L, and from +9.32‰ to +13.08‰, respectively. By comparison of B concentrations and TDS of brines in QSL with evaporation paths of brackish water, we found that B enrichment of brines primarily results from strong evaporation and concentration of Qarhan lake water. Combining with comparisons of B concentrations, TDS, pH values and δ¹¹B values of brines, previously elemental ratios (K/Cl, Mg/Cl, Ca/Cl, B/Cl) and δ¹¹B values of halite from a sediment core (ISL1A), we observe good correlations between B concentrations and TDS, TDS and pH values, pH and δ¹¹B values of brines, which demonstrate that higher B concentrations and more positive δ¹¹B values of halite indicate higher salinity of the Qarhan paleolake water as well as drier paleoclimatic conditions. Based on this interpretation of the δ¹¹B values of halite in core ISL1A, higher salinity of the Qarhan paleolake occurred during two intervals, around 46–34 ka and 26–9 ka, which are almost coincident with the upper and lower halite-dominated salt layers in core ISL1A, drier climate phases documented from the δ¹⁸O record of carbonate in core ISL1A and the paleomoisture record in monsoonal central Asia, and a higher solar insolation at 30°N. These results demonstrate that the δ¹¹B values of halite in the arid Qaidam Basin could be regarded as a new proxy for reconstructing the salinity record of paleolake water as well as paleoclimate conditions.     

广东三水盐矿钻井泥浆工艺

在广东三水盐矿盐井钻进过程中,根据地层条件及钻探成本的控制,使用了2种不同体系的泥浆,通过实际应用,在钻井效率、事故预防、成本控制等方面取得了较好的成效。着重介绍了施工中使用的2种泥浆体系及其转换过程。     

Bromide distribution characteristics of different Zechstein 2 rock salt sequences of the Southern Permian Basin: a comparison between bedded and domal salts

The bromide profile of the bedded Zechstein 2 rock salts in the Southern Permian Basin is characterized by a continuous increase in the bromide contents from base to top, indicating progressive evaporation of sea water. Former studies have suggested that the bromide distribution in domal salts is more irregular, raising such questions as whether there is a causal relationship between bromide distribution and deformation‐related processes or whether various halite types with different primary bromide contents account for such irregularities. In this study, the bromide distribution of a defined stratigraphic section (Hauptsalz) of the Zechstein 2 was investigated in three salt deposits, with bedded salt (Teutschenthal) compared with domal salts (Morsleben and Gorleben). Furthermore, two different halite types (Kristallbrocken, matrix) were distinguished during sampling. Comparison between the locations reveals that: (i) the characteristic trend of the bromide profile was generally preserved in both the bedded and the more intensely deformed domal salts; (ii) the dispersion of bromide contents along the running average curve is lower in domal salt, especially in the lower half of the Hauptsalz; and (iii) the Kristallbrocken are absent in the lower half of the Hauptsalz of Morsleben and Gorleben. The absence of the Kristallbrocken and the lower dispersion of the bromide contents in the domal salts are clear indications for the influence of salt migration‐related processes on the bromide distribution characteristics. It shows that these processes are associated with a redistribution of bromide, which eventually results in a homogenization of the originally varying bromide contents. On the other hand, preservation of the characteristic trend in the bromide profiles indicates that large‐scale brecciation, folding processes or circulating bromide‐rich fluids played only a minor role during the formation of the salt domes. Selective sampling of the Kristallbrocken and matrix halite displays a disparity in bromide content that is not consistent between the studied locations. These specific phenomena might be related to different depositional locations in the Zechstein Basin or to post‐depositional processes.     

渤海海域莱州湾凹陷盐构造成因探讨

通过分析莱州湾凹陷盐构造特征,盐构造形成动力条件,探讨莱州湾凹陷盐构造成因,讨论了走滑背景下盐岩活动特点。分析表明,莱州湾凹陷盐层构造发育刺穿性盐株和枕状底辟,欠压实、超压破裂、潜伏走滑断层和楔形体的重力扩张促使了莱州湾凹陷盐岩早期流动;渐新世右行走滑阶段,走滑压扭作用下形成刺穿盐株;盐构造活动可分为沙三末期-沙一段沉积期盐流动阶段、中晚渐新世东营沉积时期盐刺穿阶段、中新世-第四纪盐构造再次活化三个阶段。走滑断裂作用下盐岩以流动为主,发育典型的刺穿型盐底辟。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐构造特征及形成演化

通过地表地质调查,确定了库车坳陷吐北、克拉苏、却勒和西秋四个不同地区盐构造的变形样式。结合地质和地震资料,建立了不同地区的地震地质结构剖面。应用平衡剖面研究方法,恢复了不同地区的盐构造形成演化历史,并对库车坳陷盐构造的形成机制进行了探讨。     

压实黄土在溶滤作用下的强度特性

为探究压实黄土Q2在溶滤作用下可溶盐对强度的影响,开展了12种应力组合的溶滤试验,测定了不同溶滤时长的离子浓度、可溶盐量与极限正应力。试验结果表明,各离子浓度、可溶盐量及极限正应力均具阶段性减少的特点。应力组合中,溶滤应力水平s影响离子和可溶盐变化曲线的形式及滞后性, 影响溶盐曲线的平滑度,而最终溶盐残余量与s和 均呈正相关。为衡量不同 时的溶盐溶解差异,定义了平均差异性指标 ,其值与s呈正比。为评价溶滤进程,将各溶滤阶段溶盐相对变化量定义为溶盐比 ,其值小于1%时判定溶滤进程结束。在强度方面,极限正应力 随相对可溶盐量 的减少而减小,s决定弱化初期的剧烈程度,不同围压时 值的差异性随s的增大而减弱。 的这3种弱化特性表明,溶滤变形及强度弱化是可溶盐和应力组合共同作用的结果。最后,建立了考虑可溶盐与应力组合影响的强度弱化公式。     

南大西洋被动陆缘盆地盐构造形成的控制因素

南大西洋两岸被动陆缘含盐盆地油气分布与盐构造的构造样式及分布有直接联系。基于地震资料的构造解译和物理/数值模拟实验,前人对被动陆缘盆地盐构造的形成演化进行了大量研究,然而尚缺乏对盐构造形成演化主控因素的系统论证。本文基于地震资料的构造解释,采用离散元数值模拟手段,通过2组共8个模型的对比实验,探讨了被动陆缘盆地底板倾斜角度和盐岩上覆地层厚度对盐构造形成的控制作用。数值模拟的结果表明:①随着底板倾斜角度的增加,盐岩及其上覆沉积流动速度逐渐增大。其中,从无倾角到2.5°倾角,盐岩流速增加最大,后续陆源沉积搬运距离增加了约1.5倍,远高于其他角度模型间的距离增量;②盐层的上覆地层厚度越大,后续沉积搬运能力越差,盐构造及其相关构造越难形成。上覆地层的厚度直接影响了盐岩的流动速度,上覆地层厚度每增加1m,沉积物的搬运距离减小约5%~10%。最后,基于上述模拟结果定量分析,探讨了两种因素对盐构造形成的影响机制。     

振荡交换-抽滤淋洗结合凯氏定氮法快速测定土壤中的阳离子交换量

测定土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)的行业标准方法(LY/T1243—1999)是采取离心分离结合手工蒸馏进行滴定,耗时长、操作繁琐。为了缩短反应时间,提高检测效率,本文利用乙酸铵对酸性和中性土壤进行处理,用氯化铵-乙酸铵对石灰性土壤进行处理,应用振荡和抽滤装置快速交换和清洗阳离子,通过全自动凯氏定氮仪对吸附的铵根离子进行测定,由此计算CEC值。结果表明:在最佳的振荡和蒸馏时间、滴定酸浓度、指示剂配比等实验条件下,一个批次样品(100件)的分析流程仅需要12h,比传统方法检测时间缩短近80%。经国家标准物质验证,测定结果与推荐值相符,5次测定的相对标准偏差均小于1. 5%。本方法免去了多次离心分离操作,解决了待测成分损失、CEC测定值偏低的问题,提高了检测效率和准确度,较林业标准方法的成本低,可操作性强,适用于土壤环境质量评价、地区土壤抽样调查等大批量土壤样品分析。