温度与侵蚀对沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命的影响

为了提高盐渍土地区沥青路面的疲劳性能, 对SBS改性沥青混凝土进行了清水与饱和氯盐溶液的冻融劈裂疲劳试验, 研究了温度与氯盐侵蚀共同作用下, 沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命衰减规律. 结果表明: 温度与氯盐侵蚀是影响沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命的重要因素. 当冻融次数相同时, 沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命随冻融温度降低而不断减小; 当冻融温度相同时, 其冻融疲劳寿命随冻融次数增加而不断减小. 饱和氯盐溶液中沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命明显低于清水条件, 说明氯盐能够加速沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命衰减, 冻融温度越低, 盐冻破坏越严重. 通过对试验数据回归分析可知, 沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命与冻融循环次数之间具有较好的相关性, 可以利用两者之间的指数函数关系来预测沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命.     

考虑围压影响的盐岩弹塑性损伤本构模型研究

深入研究盐岩受力变形、破坏机制及力学模型,对于保证油气地下储库的安全和稳定具有十分重要的意义。以盐岩在多组围压下的三轴试验为基础,由热力学定律出发,将损伤引入到改进的摩尔-库仑(Mohr-Coulomb)准则中,提出了与围压相关的损伤准则和塑性硬化函数,建立了一种能够描述盐岩力学特性的弹塑性损伤模型,该模型能够反映盐岩的塑性与损伤耦合、应变硬化-软化和围压影响。将研究成果与ABAQUS软件相结合,通过二次开发,编制了相应的计算程序。通过模拟盐岩室内三轴压缩试验表明,数值模拟曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,所建立的力学模型可以较好地描述盐岩在不同围压状态下的力学损伤发展、应变硬化-软化以及脆-塑性转换的力学特征。     

硫酸盐渍土击实性能及影响因素试验研究

为了全面地揭示硫酸盐渍土击实性能的变化原因和规律,对不同条件下配制的硫酸盐渍土进行了一系列的轻型击实试验。试验研究表明,含盐量对硫酸盐渍土最大干密度和最优含水率的影响规律并不是单一不变的,它取决于土中硫酸钠的3种状态（硫酸钠溶液、无水硫酸钠和十水硫酸钠）及3种状态间的相对含量。硫酸盐渍土的最大干密度和最优含水率与土中不同状态硫酸钠相对含量间的关系曲线具有反相关性。闷料时间和初始含水率对硫酸盐渍土击实性能的影响与含盐量有关,当含盐量较低（如1.5%）时,其影响甚小;当含盐量较高（如5.0%）时,其影响显著。硫酸盐渍土在由湿到干的过程中会出现“假干现象”。该试验结果对工程中硫酸盐渍土的击实性能和压实度的合理评价都具有重要的参考价值。     

Experimental Investigation of Unconfined Compression Strength and Stiffness of Cement Treated Salt-Rich Clay

Soft clay with high sodium chloride salt concentration is a problem encountered by geotechnical and highway engineers. Chemical stabilization using cement is an attractive method to improve the engineering properties of soft soil. However, very limited studies have been conducted to reveal the effect of salt concentration on the engineering properties of cement-stabilized soil and the reported results in literature are not consistent. The impact of sodium chloride salt on the strength and stiffness properties of cement-stabilized Lianyungang marine clay is studied in this study. The clay with various sodium chloride salt concentrations was prepared artificially and stabilized by various contents of Ordinary Portland cement. A series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests of cement stabilized clay specimen after 7, 14, and 28 days curing periods were carried out. The results indicate that a high sodium chloride salt concentration has a detrimental effect on the UCS and stiffness of cement-stabilized clay. The detrimental effect of salt concentration on the strength and stiffness of cement-stabilized clay directly relates to cement content. Soils mixed with high cement content are more resistant to the negative effect of salts than soils mixed with low cement content. The ratio of modulus of elasticity to UCS of cement treated soil does not have an obvious relationship with salt concentration. The findings of this study present a rational basis for the understanding of the impact of salt on the engineering properties of cement-treated soil.     

Guilspare施用量对土壤蒸发和水盐垂直分布的影响

 塔里木沙漠公路防护林生态工程全长436 km,位于极端干旱的塔克拉玛干沙漠,造林树种以抗逆性较强的沙拐枣属（Calligonum L．）、柽柳属（Tamarix L．）、梭梭属（Haloxylon Bunge）等优良防风固沙灌木为主,防护林植物的蒸腾耗水和灌溉管理是防护林可持续的核心问题。为探求适合塔里木沙漠公路防护林的节水技术,利用微型蒸渗仪研究了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地咸水灌溉条件下Guilspare（浓度1.5 % v/v）施用量对土壤蒸发和水盐垂直分布的影响。结果表明：（1）Guilspare对土壤蒸发有显著影响,其施用量与累积蒸发量间呈对数关系。当施用量小于4.0 L/m2时,土壤日蒸发量在试验初期均表现为对照组（CK）大于处理组,试验中后期却相反;当施用量大于4.0 L/m2时,日蒸发量始终小于CK。（2）Guilspare施用量为6.0 L/m2的抑制效率最大,与其他处理（除7.0 L/m2）间差异达到显著水平（p﹤0.05）。（3）施用Guilspare对土壤蒸发第一阶段的蒸发强度有明显的减弱作用,其减弱程度与施用量的大小有密切关系,当施用量为6.0 L/m2时,蒸发强度最弱。（4）相同初始含水量条件下,表层土壤含水量和土壤浸提液电导率（除7.0 L/m2）均随着施用量的增大而变小;其他土层（除10~14 cm）,两者均随着施用量的增大而变大。     

不同类型水处理剂对马海盐湖高不溶物钾盐矿浆的絮凝沉降及过滤性能研究

研究了焦磷酸钠、三氯化铁、硫酸铁、硅酸钠、丙酮、十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚乙二醇等一些水处理剂与非离子聚丙烯酰胺组合后对马海盐湖高不溶物、低品位固体钾矿矿浆的絮凝沉降效果,找出了对钾矿矿浆絮凝沉降、过滤分离有较好效果的药剂组合。     

库车盆地古近纪—新近纪蒸发岩沉积演化特征及其资源效应初步探讨

库车盆地古近纪—新近纪时期具有巨厚的蒸发岩沉积,古近纪时期岩盐沉积的最大厚度达1 447.5 m,新近纪时期岩盐沉积的厚度有所减小,岩盐层最大厚度402 m。库车盆地在古近纪—新近纪时期沉积沉降中心也有所改变,从盆地西部的拜城凹陷转移到东部的康村—阳霞地区。库车盆地东西部蒸发岩岩体特征的差异,对此地区油气藏规模造成一定影响。初步判断库车盆地西部蒸发岩有可能比东部蒸发岩盐下形成的油气藏量较大。盆地中蒸发岩沉积中心的迁移对钾盐沉积也有重要影响。     

Archaeological and historiographical implications of recent uplift of the Peloro Peninsula, NE Sicily

In ancient times, the name “Peloro” was used to indicate an anthropic area that gradually developed around the first known human settlement on the Sicilian shore near the Straits of Messina. Since the 5th century BC, historians have documented that numerous naval armadas landed for long periods at Peloro. However, the present-day morphology of the Peloro Cape Peninsula does not have any protected inlet that would offer a location to repair hundreds of ships, as has been documented by historical sources. To address this discrepancy, geomorphologic data were collected and analyzed to verify whether historical documents were consistent with the palaeotopography of the area. This approach is based on the analysis of the morphotectonic evolution of the coastal lowland that resulted from regional uplift over the Quaternary and Holocene. The results indicate that the harbour was located in the basin of the Pantano Piccolo salt marsh, and was large and deep enough to have sheltered up to 320 ships.     

江汉盐湖盆地中高成熟原油的地球化学特征及油源探讨

江汉盐湖盆地中钟76井潜江组潜四段3300m以下发现的高成熟轻质原油,其基本特征是：饱和烃含量特高,非烃和沥青质含量很低;富含植烷、伽马蜡烷、C35升藿烷、孕甾烷和C27胆甾烷等指示高盐度、强还原环境的生物标志物。尤其明显的是C27-C29甾烷异构化程度高,αββ20R和20S峰十分突出,C29甾烷的两个参数值均大于等于0．5,指示了原油的成熟度已处于高成熟阶段。根据油源条件分析,认为该地区潜江组潜一段至潜四上段烃源岩埋深浅于3000m,P值小于1％,处于未成熟-成熟阶段,不具有形成高成熟原油的可能性,只有潜四下段烃源岩已进入生烃高峰高成熟早期阶段,能够提供轻质原油的油源。生物标志物多项地球化学资料及参数综合对比表明,本区两种成因类型的高成熟原油,其油源确系来自潜四下段两种不同沉积环境形成的泥质灰岩和灰质泥岩,明显具有近源运移聚集、自生、自储的特征,这展示了该地区潜四下段及其下覆的古潜山深层油气勘探有着良好的前景。     

青藏高原周边地区与新生代盆地卤水活动有关铅锌矿床

青藏高原周边已发现大量的铅锌矿床,规模巨大,具有一些相似的成矿地质地球化学特征,均属于后生的、低温热液型矿床,具强烈层控性质,受控于特定的含矿地层（岩石）组合,下部为相对透水的砂岩、砂砾岩,上部为碳酸盐岩,发生广泛的蚀变作用,包括退色、白云石化等。这类矿床大体可与MVT矿床类比。矿床的形成与青藏高原隆升过程中盆地卤水的活动有关,圈闭在不整合面下的含贱金属元素与油气的卤水沿透水层运移,在适当位置沉淀成矿。由此决定了这些地区的主要找矿标志与找矿方向。随着地质认识的深入及勘查的进展,将会有更多更大规模的（MVT）铅锌矿床被发现。