熔盐电解法制备镁合金的研究进展

熔盐电解法是制备镁合金的一种有效的方法,与熔炼法相比,合金成分偏析较少,产品质量较高。综述了熔盐电解法制备镁合金的研究进展,并分析了研究现状。提出镁合金的熔盐电解制备有很强的应用背景,与产业化研发相关的工作值得关注。     

南黄海盆地南五凹阜宁组“广湖咸水”烃源岩及其油气勘探意义

通过对南五凹钻井所揭示的阜宁组进行岩性、地球化学、古生物及地震相等综合分析证实,南五凹阜宁组发育中深湖相泥质烃源岩,且该套烃源岩形成于"广湖咸水"沉积环境。"广湖"即湖盆分布广泛,中深湖相泥质烃源岩在凹陷深洼处和缓坡带均有发育,平面上面积大,纵向上厚度大,具备生成油气的物质基础。"咸水"即烃源岩形成时期湖盆受到了海侵影响,致使水体性质偏咸。南五凹与中国东部古新世—始新世期间曾遭受海侵影响的其他湖盆类似,其形成的咸化烃源岩具有"排烃早"的特征。南五凹阜宁组湖相烃源岩"广湖咸水"沉积特征对于油气勘探具有重要意义。     

Research on the critical conditions for clay particle release during saline aquifer freshening process

Water sensitivity phenomenon occurs during saline aquifer freshening process in seawater intrusion area, and clay particles released in the phenomenon can damage the infiltration capacity of the aquifer. In order to find out the factors and mechanisms for clay particle release, laboratory column infiltration experiments simulating saline aquifer freshening process were designed to measure the critical conditions(critical flow velocity, critical salt concentration and critical ionic strength) and force analysis for clay particle according to DLVO electric double layer theory was employed to illustrate the mechanisms for particle release. The research results showed that critical flow velocity for clay particle release is influenced by salt concentration of injecting solution. When salt concentration of injecting solution is very high, clay particles are not released, indicating that there does not exist a critical flow velocity in this situation. As salt concentration of injecting solution decreases, particles start to be released. The critical salt concentration for clay particle release is 0.052 mol L-1 in our work, which was determined by a constant-flux experiment for stepwise displacement of high concentration Na Cl solution. The critical ionic strength for clay particle release decreases as Ca2+ molar content percentage of the mixed solution of Na Cl and Ca Cl2 increases following the first-order exponential decay equation y = 0.0391e-0.266 x + 0.0015.     

Cenozoic folding in the Cumuruxatiba basin,Brazil: An approach to the deformation trigger by the Abrolhos magmatism

The Cumuruxatiba basin is located in the central portion of the eastern Brazilian margin surrounded by Cenozoic magmatic highs that belong to the Abrolhos Magmatic Complex. This basin was formed by rifting, in the Neocomian followed by thermal subsidence during late Cretaceous like other basins along the Eastern Brazilian margin. In the Cenozoic, the Abrolhos magmatism took place as sills and dykes intruded the sedimentary section, primarily during the Paleogene. In that time, there was a strong NS contractional deformation in the basin represented by folds related to reverse faults coeval with Abrolhos magmatism activity. The structural restorations of regional 2D seismic sections revealed that most of the contractional deformation was concentrated at the beginning of the Cenozoic with maximum peak at the Eocene (up to 33% of total shortening and rate of 6 km/Ma). The Post-Eocene period was marked by a decrease in the strain rate that continues to the present day (around 4 km/Ma to less than 1). 3D structural modelling exhibited a major, well-developed E–W to NE–SW fold belt that accommodated most of the contractional Cenozoic deformation between Royal Charlotte and Sulphur Minerva magmatic highs. Volcanic eruptions and magmatic flows from the Abrolhos complex resulted in differential overburden on edge of the basin, acting as a trigger for halokinesis and the subsequent formation of fault-related folds. In general, such structures were developed close to adjacent magmatic highs, commonly exhibiting vergence towards the centre of the basin. Some magmatic features formed coeval with Cenozoic syn-deformation sediments clearly indicate that Abrolhos magmatism activity and contractional deformation development were associated. The study of the thickness variation of the syn-deformation section in relation to fault-related folds on deformation maps and maximum strain diagrams revealed that most folds were activated and re-activated several times during the Cenozoic without a systematic kinematic pattern. This lack of systematic deformation might be related to the variation of the magmatic pulse activity of adjacent magmatic highs resulting in a complex interference pattern of Cenozoic folds. These structural interpretations of the timing of fault-related folds that are potential Cenozoic traps in the Cumuruxatiba basin play a fundamental role in petroleum systems and exploration of low-risk hydrocarbon prospects.     

大汶口盆地漕河崖矿段岩盐矿地质特征及岩相分布规律

通过对漕河崖矿段进行勘探工作,发现该区岩盐矿层赋存较多,矿层厚度在0．40～14．72 m,NaCl 平均品位86．39％,属厚度较稳定,品位均匀矿层;岩盐矿层不仅局限在 F2,F3,F43个断层的切割范围内,在 F3断层北部尚有岩盐层赋存。     

柴达木盆地深层钾盐察ZK02孔施工工艺

柴达木盆地察汗斯拉图矿区蕴藏着极为丰富的钾盐类矿产资源。钾盐察ZK02孔设计1500 m,钻遇地层为新近系盐湖相沉积地层。在钻进过程中易产生缩径、造浆、掉块、坍塌等现象,钻遇盐岩层或含钙、镁离子盐水入侵时,钻井液性能易发生变化,给钻探施工带了困难。根据盐矿钻孔地质条件和技术要求,设计3级口径的钻孔结构。在施工中,针对巨厚层砂砾碎屑岩的特点,选择加重卤水钻井液护壁,起到了安全护壁效果,并采用研制的卤水钻井液混合搅拌器,提高了配浆速度,保证了钻井液性能和质量。卤水钻井液和卤水钻井液混合搅拌器的使用,为柴达木盆地深层卤水钾盐矿区的钻探施工探索出了快速配制钻井液提供了借鉴。     

云南省江城地区盐盆地重力勘探与深部找钾启示

云南省江城勐野井钾盐矿是目前我国发现的唯一固体钾盐矿。该地区地质构造复杂,近几年通过野外地质、地球物理及钻井勘探 ,认为钾盐来自深部侏罗系,并沿断裂构造带挤压塑流到表层,可能在深部还存在大面积的“盐源”。为实现找矿突破,亟须了解控制盐矿形成的构造及围岩的三维结构特征。通过对江城地区高精度重力数据位场分离、边缘检测、3D物性反演的地球物理处理与解释,获得了勐野井地区江城湖盆的基底变化、断裂展布等地质信息,确定了研究区构造格架、地下密度体的三维分布与岩盐矿的关系,推断在勐野井矿区西北深部可能还有侏罗系盐岩甚至钾盐的存在,该地区将是未来找矿工作的重点。研究成果为江城地区下一步钾盐矿勘查提供了线索和依据。     

大宗急缺矿产和战略性新兴产业矿产调查工程进展与主要成果

钾盐是关乎国计民生的大宗急缺矿产; 稀有金属、稀土金属、稀散金属、萤石、晶质石墨、金刚石等矿产是国内外公认的战略性新兴矿产。根据国家建设的需求,2015年中国地质调查局设立了“大宗急缺矿产和战略性新兴产业矿产调查工程”。该工程以查明重要矿种的资源潜力,取得找矿突破为目标,以矿调为手段,以“五位一体”为部署原则,进行了全国重点地区大型资源基地和重要矿集区相关矿种的成矿规律和找矿方法创新研究,同时开展了矿产资源的综合利用研究。经过3年的努力已取得了一批找矿成果,丰富了成矿理论,创新了找矿方法,支撑了赣南、闽西等革命老区脱贫攻坚,带动了川西等地区的经济发展,对保障国家农业安全和战略性新兴产业顺利发展发挥了积极作用。概要介绍了在钾盐找矿、华南“三稀”金属矿产调查、川西大型锂矿资源基地建设、新疆奇台超大型晶质石墨矿找矿等方面取得的新进展; 介绍了在华南、华北、中西部等主要成矿带“三稀”矿产、晶质石墨、萤石等关键矿种成矿规律研究、成矿模式构建、资源潜力评价、重点靶区优选、技术方法组合等方面取得的成果; 介绍了在公益性基础性调查研究中所起到的示范引领作用。钾盐“二层楼”成矿模式和锂矿“五层楼+地下室层脉组合”成矿理论和找矿模型得以完善,新发现靶区40处,矿产地14处,大型资源基地2处,新增KCl资源量3.5亿t,伟晶岩型锂资源量31.75万t,铍资源量1.6万t,石墨资源量7 378万t,脉石英56万t,萤石1 159万t,金刚石资源量2.29万克拉,新增重稀土资源量12万t,含磷锂铝石岩体型锂资源量38万t。该工程取得的进展与成果对保障国家资源安全和战略性新兴产业的顺利发展具有重要的现实意义。     

近40年来气候变化对青海盐湖及其矿产资源开发的影响——以小柴旦湖为例

青海是中国盐湖主要分布区之一,蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源。文章以RS和GIS技术为基础,从20世纪70年代、90年代、2000年前后、2008~2009年和2013~2014年五期Landsat遥感影像中提取了青海面积大于10 km2的所有盐湖(不包括干盐湖),分析了其近40年来的变化趋势:总体上,盐湖总面积除在2000年前后有所减少外,基本上呈现增加的趋势;具体而言,2000年前后,萎缩的盐湖主要分布在柴达木盆地;其他时期均呈现全面扩张的趋势。在全球气候变暖的大背景下,通过分析青海地区11个气象台站的年平均气温、年降雨量和蒸发量数据,可知青海地区气候呈现了向暖湿方向转型的趋势,且2002年之后更为明显。最后,以青海省小柴旦湖为例,分析了湖泊淡化、矿产资源贫化对盐湖资源开发的影响,具体为:1资源开发成本升高、难度加大,甚至使一些处于工业开发临界品位的盐湖失去开发价值;2盐湖淡化条件下,锂等矿产资源有效提取技术亟待研发;3政府制定矿产资源开发政策时,需要对气候及盐湖的动态变化过程综合考虑。以上说明,青海地区的暖湿气候使盐湖大幅度淡化,给盐湖矿产资源开发带来了新的挑战。     

新疆罗布泊盐湖深部钾盐找矿新进展

罗布泊是世界最大干盐湖之一,罗布泊超大型钾盐矿床从1995年发现至今,经历了找钾远景预测、勘查、系统科学研究、扩大找矿及开发利用快速推进的过程,浅部(200m以浅)钾盐资源量已基本查明,但没有一个穿透第四系的较深地质科学钻井。通过区域气候条件、盐类矿物分布、碎屑岩层储卤等方面与柴达木盆地西部的对比分析以及罗布泊地堑式断陷带储卤的发现,提出罗布泊深部具有钾盐成矿远景。在罗布泊罗北凹地西北部实施盐湖深部钾盐找矿第一深井(LDK01井),首次发现钾芒硝、钾锶矾、红钾铁盐等盐类矿物;在深部地层碎屑岩层中发现钾盐矿物钾石盐、光卤石等,地层中KCl含量高达2.86%,揭示地层深部存在低品位固体钾矿,确定为一种新类型钾矿,即碎屑岩型钾矿,为罗布泊深部钾盐找矿拓展了方向和空间;深层碎屑岩地层储集卤水,卤水KCl平均品位1.50%,揭示出罗布泊盐湖深部存在富钾卤水。重力探测发现罗布泊盆地西部发育次级凹地,初步确定凹地中心第四系沉积厚度大于1200m。结合地质分析,预测库鲁克塔格山前断陷盆地和罗北盆地为进一步寻找深部隐伏钾盐矿床的重要靶区。综合遥感、物探、物性特征等资料及研究成果,估算罗北凹地深部钾盐预测资源量为1.60×108t,并提出罗北凹地西部及附近区域的深部地层中还蕴藏有丰富的钾盐资源,罗布泊深部找钾潜力巨大。该成果对深化认识罗布泊盐湖的形成演化及满足钾肥生产企业大规模开发均具有重要意义。