西藏扎布耶盐田盐渍土的改性配比试验

根据盐渍土的物理化学性质,采用掺入不同比例石灰或水泥的方法进行改性处理。经击实、抗剪和抗压强度试验结果表明,盐渍土掺入石灰或水泥改性后,混合料的最大干密度、最优含水率、强度指标等均有增加,特别是内聚力迅速增长。研究表明,盐渍土混合料的性状得到了明显改善,改性后的混合料可用于修建盐田埝堤类相关工程。     

A smoothed particle hydrodynamics modelling of soil–water mixing and resulting changes in average strength

Soil–water interaction is a pivotal process in many underwater geohazards such as underwater landslides where soil sediments gradually evolve into turbidity currents after interactions with ambient water. Due to the large deformations, multiphase interactions and phase changes this involves, investigations from numerical modelling of the transition process have been limited so far. This study explores a simple numerical replication of such soil–water mixing with respect to changes in average strength using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). A uniform viscoplastic model is used for both the solid-like and fluid-like SPH particles. The proposed numerical solution scheme is verified by single-phase dam break tests and multiphase simple shear tests. SPH combinations of solid-like and fluid-like particles can replicate the clay–water mixture as long as the liquidity index of the solid-like particles is larger than unity. The proposed numerical scheme is shown to capture key features of an underwater landslide such as hydroplaning, water entrainment and wave generation and thus shows promise as a tool to simulate the whole process of subaquatic geohazards involving solid–fluid transition during mass transport.     

考虑土拱效应预应力锚拉桩土压力研究

针对预应力锚拉桩设计中土压力计算模式存在的问题,借鉴工程设计中的点锚和格构锚原理,提出了一种新的计算方法--基于三维土拱效应的土压力计算模式。利用土条极限平衡原理,推导了作用在桩及挡板上的土压力,建立了表征土压力强度的1阶线性微分方程,得到了沿桩身轴线的土压力分布曲线,并从参数 和 的变化对土压力的影响方面,与《重庆市地质灾害防治工程设计规范》[1]和《建筑边坡工程技术规范》[3]的计算结果进行了对比分析,结果表明桩板上所受土压力沿桩板竖向呈锯齿状分布,土压力强度计算值远小于规范计算值; 的变化对土压力有明显影响,工程设计中不应忽略 对减小土压力的贡献;考虑土拱效应更符合工程实际受力特性     

天津地区典型土壤剖面饱和烃分布特征及环境意义

分析了天津地区不同环境功能区7 条土壤剖面中饱和烃含量、组成及部分地球化学参数 的变化规律, 比较了不同土壤剖面饱和烃在纵向上的变化特征。结果表明, 市区( 南开区) 及近郊 区( 武清区, 北辰区和宁河县交界处) 表层土饱和烃含量最高, 其他剖面含量较低; 随深度增大, 饱 和烃含量均有所降低, 但不同剖面变化幅度不同, 表层含量较高的剖面随深度增大, 饱和烃含量 降低幅度较大, 反之则较小。根据部分典型地球化学参数的纵向变化特征, 推测表层土壤饱和烃 主要为石油源和植物源的混合源, 且市区和郊区主要受石油源控制。不同土壤剖面表层土污染源 存在差别。同一剖面表层土壤( <30cm) 不同层次的样品的饱和烃污染源较为接近; 剖面深部( > 30cm) 不同层次样品中正构烷烃不同于表层, 且成因复杂, 既受来源于土壤中有机质降解产物的 影响, 又受表层土中饱和烃纵向迁移作用的影响。对于甾、萜类化合物, 表层土壤中饱和烃含量较 高的剖面, 深层土壤受表层土壤甾、萜类污染物迁移作用的影响; 表层土壤中饱和烃含量较低的 剖面, 深层土壤受表层土壤甾、萜类污染物影响较小。     

On the reoccurrence of site specific response

The period and amplitude variations of local peaks in the Fourier amplitude spectra of free-field strong ground motion recorded at five stations in San Fernando Valley of metropolitan Los Angeles, California, are described, searching for peaks that reoccur during different earthquakes. The data suggest that some local peaks reoccur (about 50% of the time), during shaking by small local earthquakes (peak ground velocities, v_max<10–20 cm/s). During large strong motion amplitudes (v_max>20 cm/s), these peaks are shifted towards longer periods (by nonlinear response of soils) or disappear. The data also suggest that densification and settlement of soil, minutes and hours following the strong shaking may contribute towards fluctuations in the effective stiffness of the shallow surface layers.     

海上风电吸力基础在分层土中的沉贯特性研究综述

吸力基础与海洋工程大直径钢桩相比,具有成本低、安装周期短、对环境影响小、不受海况影响及可回收再利用等优点,近年来在海上风电工程中得到推广应用。吸力基础沉贯至海床预定位置,是其发挥承载力和确保服役稳定性的前提。海床地基土体常以分层土形式分布,且各层土体强度、压缩性和渗透性等存在显著差别,导致吸力基础吸力沉贯机理非常复杂。明确吸力基础在分层土中沉贯特性,有助于指导吸力基础在海上风电工程中的推广应用。对目前吸力基础在分层土中沉贯特性研究进行综述和总结,归纳了其沉贯机理研究进展,并对影响吸力基础在分层土中沉贯因素进行了分析;提出了分层土中吸力基础沉贯的研究方向和改进的沉贯方法。     

洞庭湖不同水位高程下南荻(Triarrhena lutarioriparia)种群分布格局及生长动态

通过野外不同水位高程固定样地多次调查,结合方差/均值比率法研究了不同水位高程下洞庭湖湿地南荻(Triarrhena lutarioriparia)种群分布格局及生长动态.结果表明:(1)低程区土壤含水量显著高于高程区;低程区土壤颗粒组成与高程区相比有显著差异,低程区土壤为黏砂壤土,高程区为粉砂土;低程区土壤总有机碳、全氮、铵态氮和pH值等与高程区相比无显著差异,而其硝态氮、有效磷、全钾和速效钾含量低于高程区,全磷含量却恰好相反.(2)调查期间,南荻的分布格局随着植物的生长由均匀分布逐渐变为聚集分布,低程区聚集强度更大;(3)南荻的生物量和高度均随时间增长而迅速增加,且低程区的总生物量和增长量均高于高程区;南荻的密度和基径随时间增长而增加,之后趋于平稳,且低程区均高于高程区.结果分析表明,水位高程差异引起的土壤含水量的显著变化可能是影响南荻分布格局和生长动态最重要的因素.因此,适度地调控水位、增加土壤水分含量可能是控制南荻群落扩张的重要措施.     

ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-LINEAR SOIL RESPONSE AND DYNAMIC SOIL PROPERTIES USING VERTICAL ARRAY DATA IN JAPAN

Non-linear response of the soil is investigated by comparing the spectral ratios (uphole/downhole) using weak and strong motions. Data from seven vertical arrays in Japan are analysed in this study. The frequency-dependent transfer function of soil is calculated as a ratio of the spectrum at uphole to the spectrum at downhole, considering the horizontal component of shear wave. In spectral ratio analysis auto- and cross-spectra are employed. The reduction in the predominant frequency of the transfer function with increases in excitation level reflects the non-linear response of the soil. Results of analysis demonstrate a significant non-linear ground response at six sites with surface PGA exceeding 90 gal. However, the results of one site show the linear response up to 130 gal surface PGA. Furthermore, the in situ strain-dependent soil behaviour is examined through the shear modulus – shear strain relationship. When compared, the actual and laboratory results of the shear strain – shear modulus relationship are in agreement. Additionally, a good consistency between the tendency of reduction in shear modulus ratio with shear strain increases, and reduction of predominant frequency with ground motion increases, confirms the significance of non-linearity in site effects study.     

滇东南南秧田钨矿床白钨矿原位Sr同位素对成矿的指示

南秧田钨矿床位于滇东南老君山W-Sn矿集区,地处扬子地块和印支地块的结合部位,地质背景复杂并遭受了多期岩浆活动和区域变质事件,其成矿时代和成因一直存在争议。本文对矽卡岩型和长石-石英脉型白钨矿开展了年代学、原位微量元素、Sr同位素研究,分析了两类白钨矿年龄、成因以及物质来源的差异。结果表明,长石-石英脉内与白钨矿共生辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为151.0±1.3Ma,明显晚于矽卡岩矿体年龄,属于后期成矿事件。矽卡岩型白钨矿的轻稀土富集、重稀土强烈亏损,Eu呈明显负异常(δEu=0.46),∑REE平均含量为65.60μg/g,Mo平均含量为240.16μg/g,Sr平均含量为883.43μg/g;长石-石英脉型白钨矿稀土呈Eu正异常(δEu=2.8)的平坦型,∑REE平均含量为194.40μg/g,Mo平均含量为16.01μg/g,Sr平均含量为129.26μg/g。以上两者微量、稀土元素含量的差别显示它们具有性质明显不同的流体来源,Eu异常指示矽卡岩型白钨矿形成于氧逸度较高的环境,长石-石英脉型白钨矿形成于还原性环境。矽卡岩白钨矿~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值相对较低,并且比较均一,介于0.71319～0.71491之间,表明成矿流体主要来自岩浆热液;长石-石英脉型白钨矿~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值较高且变化范围大,介于0.71537～0.72803之间,平均0.72079,呈现出变质流体特征。两种不同类型白钨矿Sr同位素都具有二元混合的特征,显示长石-石英脉型白钨矿对矽卡岩型白钨矿有叠加改造作用,成矿流体与围岩的强烈交代作用是白钨矿形成的关键。     

西太平洋Y3海山对营养盐的影响及其生态环境效应

作为大洋典型地貌特征的海山,其邻近的海洋生境并不被人熟知。依据2014年冬季对热带西太平洋Y3海山及其邻近海域的综合调查,首次探讨了该海山区海水中营养盐的分布特征及其与生态环境的耦合关系。结果表明Y3海山区是典型的热带寡营养海域。在50~125 m的深度,温跃层和高盐区双重作用对底部高浓度营养盐向上输送的阻碍,是导致真光层上部营养盐浓度较低的重要原因;同时,浮游植物和异养细菌的消耗也加剧了该区域营养盐的缺乏。Y3海山突出的地形地貌对营养盐的分布产生重要的影响,海山对流经的海流产生阻碍,形成上升流,使底部高浓度的营养盐突破温跃层和高盐区的阻碍向上输送,从而使海山周围营养盐的平均浓度高于远离海山的海域。相关性分析显示,Y3海山区真光层中营养盐浓度与温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度和异养细菌丰度分别呈负相关、正相关、负相关(除NO₂-N外)和负相关关系。海山区特殊的营养盐分布及其与生态环境的耦合是其成为一种独特的大洋生态系统的重要因素。