土壤测量样品处理方法对金异常圈定的影响与应用——以湘东北棉花坡矿区为例

在地质勘探的普查和详查工作中,土壤地球化学的指示作用是重要的决定性因素之一。随着地表及浅部矿产的开发,边深部盲矿体的找矿难度不断加大。按照目前的样品处理方法及技术要求,岩金矿区的矿化地段土壤测量分析数据被削弱,元素异常下限值偏低。为了解决异常贫化带来的异常圈定问题,本次研究对土壤样品的加工进行改进和调整。首次提出将野外采取的金矿土壤测量样细分,烘干处理后,不再进行过筛处理,并在湘东北醴陵市棉花坡金矿区的找矿普查工作中应用。对该区金矿土壤测量样品野外加工过筛与不过筛检测结果对比分析,未过筛样品能更客观、真实地反映矿区Au元素异常值情况,有利于指导找矿,取得了良好的找矿效果。因此,本次试验工作方法对指导类似金矿区土壤测量样品野外加工处理具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Geomorphic controls on deposition of salt in the Greater Tamar Catchment,northeast Tasmania

In Tasmania, most salts in the landscape originate from rainfall and accumulate in landscapes after evaporation occurs. The distribution and quantity of salt in rainfall from an array of bulk deposition collectors in the Greater Tamar Catchment were assessed for the period September 2013 to August 2014. The bulk deposition samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity, major ions (Ca, Mg, Na, SO₄ and Cl) and a selection of trace ions. The average salt flux across the study area was 79 ± 10 kg/ha/yr region, ranging from 170 ± 12 kg/ha/yr near the coast in the north to 42 ± 6 kg/ha/yr inland. Deposition of most ions decreased from the northwest to the south and east, and peaked in winter and spring. Geomorphic factors such as elevation and topography have an important effect on the volume of rainfall and flux of salt from windblown dust and oceanic aerosols. A comparison of measured chloride and salt deposition in Tasmania with other Australian atmospheric studies indicates that continental-scale models of salt flux are not appropriate for Tasmania. New models are proposed that take into account the influence of the Southern Ocean, Tasman Sea and topographic variation in the study area. The results provide improved estimates of rainfall-derived salt inputs to catchments in northeast Tasmania and enable more accurate salt budget modelling. Improved understanding of volumes and distribution of salts has implications for the management of soils and infrastructure that degrade as a result of dryland salinity in Tasmania.     

Influence of climate variability and human activities on stream flow variation in the past 50 years in Taoer River,Northeast China

Taoer River Basin, which is located in the west of Northeast China, is an agropastoral ecotone. In recent years, the hydrological cycle and water resources have changed significantly with the deterioration of the environment. Many water problems such as river blanking, wetland shrinking and salinization have occurred in this region. All of these phenomena were directly caused by changes in stream flow under climate variability and human activities. In light of the situation, the impact of climate variability and human activities on stream flow should be identified immediately to identify the primary driving factors of basin hydrological processes. To achieve this, statistical tests were applied to identify trends in variation and catastrophe points in mean annual stream flow from 1961 to 2011. A runoff sensitive coefficients method and a SIMHYD model were applied to assess the impacts of stream flow variation. The following conclusions were found: 1) The years 1985 and 2000 were confirmed to be catastrophe points in the stream flow series. Thus, the study period could be divided into three periods, from 1961 to 1985 (Period I), 1986 to 2000 (Period II) and 2001 to 2011 (Period III). 2) Mean annual observed stream flow was 31.54 mm in Period I, then increased to 65.60 mm in Period II and decreased to 2.92 mm in Period III. 3) Using runoff sensitive coefficients, the contribution of climate variability was 41.93% and 43.14% of the increase in stream flow during Periods II and III, suggesting that the contribution of human activities to the increase was 58.07% and 56.86%, respectively. 4) Climate variability accounted for 42.57% and 44.30% of the decrease in stream flow, while human activities accounted for 57.43% and 55.70% of the decrease, according to the SIMHYD model. 5) In comparison of these two methods, the primary driving factors of stream flow variation could be considered to be human activities, which contributed about 15% more than climate variability. It is hoped that these conclusions will benefit future regional planning and sustainable development.     

Field Modeling Method for Identifying Urban Sphere of Influence： A Case Study on Central China

With rapid development of urbanization and regional interaction and interdependence, regional urban agglomeration planning becomes more and more important in China, in order to promote integrated development of various cities with close interrelationship. However, it is still arguable academically on how to define the boundary or which cities to be included for the urban agglomeration of a region. This paper aims to shed lights on how to identify urban spheres of influence scientifically by introducing field modeling method and by practicing a case study on 168 cities in Central China. In our field modeling method, the influence intensities of cities were measured by a comprehensive index and urban spheres of influence were represented spatially by field intensity. Then, their classification and spatial distribution characteristics of study area in 2007 were identified and explored by using GIS and statistical methods. The result showed that: 1) Wuhan is the absolute dominant city in Central China; 2) the provincial capital cities dominate their own provinces and there are no other lower grade agglomeration centers; and 3) the basic types of organization form of urban sphere of influence are single-polar type, agglomeration type, close-related group type and loose-related group type.     

考虑屈服位移的竖向不规则结构抗震性能评估

本文给出了一种改进的模态pushover方法,对竖向不规则结构进行抗震性能评估。通过考虑不规则结构高振型的影响,利用模态pushover方法将结构简化为不同的等效单自由度体系,并对其进行弹塑性时程分析,将所得到的结果进行组合,得到原结构的楼层位移和层间位移等性能指标。由于结构处于屈服阶段与处于弹性阶段时的各节点变形的关系有显著区别,因此对于进入塑性阶段的振型,采用屈服后的各节点变形关系计算位移变形响应,将计算得到的各个振型结果组合得到整体结构的位移。通过四个算例分析,表明改进的方法所得到的结果更加接近于弹塑性时程分析的结果,证明此方法能够有效地应用于竖向不规则结构的抗震性能评估与计算。     

中国服务业政策效应及其影响因素

通过对中国31 个省(市、自治区)近4000 个服务业企业的问卷调查,从服务业企业认知与体验的视角出发,对“十一五”时期中国服务业政策效应进行综合测度和影响因素分析,进而探讨服务业政策与服务业企业的作用机制,并提出中国服务业政策调整和优化的建议。结果表明： “十一五”时期服务业企业对服务业政策的认知水平不高,认知度受到营业额、劳动力素质、行业类型、行业地位和政策环境等因素的显著影响。企业对服务业政策的体验水平接近比较满意, 影响政策体验水平的因素主要有政策认知度、员工人数、效益、所有制类型、行业地位和政策环境等。针对中国服务业政策与服务业企业的作用机制,应从深化服务业体制改革、完善社会保障体系、平衡内外资鼓励政策、拓宽政策支持覆盖面、构建服务业企业对服务业政策实施情况的反馈机制等方面着手,推动转型期中国服务业向高比重、高效率方向发展。     

基于k-核解析的地震活动网络特征分析

根据地震活动表现出的网络动力学行为和地震系统所具有的时空复杂性,从复杂网络的角度分析地震活动. 采用基于时空影响域的地震网络构造方法,对地震网络进行k-核解析. 实验结果表明,对地震网络进行k-核解析得到的最高核的节点彼此聚集在一起. 通过分析最高核节点与大地震的位置关系,发现大地震发生的地点与最高核节点所在的位置相邻. 在一些大地震发生前,地震网络的最高核数会迅速增加,在大地震发生时最高核数达到最大值, 大地震发生后最高核数又恢复到稳定状态. 地震网络的k-核解析为我们分析地震系统和研究地震的发生规律提供了一种新的途径.      

地震动对锚索桩的响应特性研究

汶川地震震害调查表明使用预应力锚索的桩板墙变形协调性好,抗震性能高,但目前在预应力锚索桩板墙的抗震设计理论研究方面仍比较落后。鉴于此,利用FLAC3D对预应力锚索桩板墙的地震响应特征进行研究,包括桩身土压力分布、桩身变位及锚索内锚段应力的动力响应特性等,并通过改变地震动参数进行多种工况的分析,系统研究地震动参数对桩-土-锚动力耦合相互作用规律的影响。研究成果可加强对预应力锚索桩板墙抗震表现的认识,也为深化抗震机理研究提供可靠的依据。     

太原井水位快速上升机理的探讨

根据多种因素对太原井水位动态影响的程度与大小,对太原井水位快速上升机理进行探讨。结果表明,太原井水位快速上升不仅与降雨量增多、晋祠泉域地下水开采量减少关系密切,而且与太原盆地应力场大小与方向改变也有一定关系,是非构造因素与构造活动因素共同作用的结果。     

华北半干旱平原区表层土壤盐分累积的影响因素分析

定量评价各因子对盐渍区表层(0~5 cm)土壤盐分累积的影响,以华北半干旱平原为研究区,综合考虑盐分来源、盐分化学组成、地下水状况、区域气候,地形条件等内外影响因素,应用通径分析方法评价各影响因子强度。结果表明:各影响因素通过直接和间接作用于表层土壤积盐过程,总体看盐源对表层土壤积盐影响强度最大,其次是盐分组成,再者是地下水状况,而区域气候和地形的影响较小。单因素而言,反映盐源的Sal_5-10、反映土壤盐分组成的SAR和反映地下水状况的TDS是主要的控制因素。研究结果为认识华北半干旱平原土壤盐渍化过程及影响机制提供参考依据。