东濮凹陷沙三段致密砂岩储层裂缝形成机制及对储层物性的影响

为探讨东濮凹陷沙三段储层裂缝的发育特征、形成机制、主控因素及其对储层的影响,综合运用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、流体包裹体分析等方法对裂缝进行了研究。结果表明:东濮凹陷沙三段储层中发育的裂缝按规模可分为宏观裂缝和微观裂缝两大类,按成因可分为构造缝、超压缝和成岩缝。构造缝走向以NNE向、NE向为主,其形成可分为两期,分别为40～35 Ma沙河街组沉积中后期和25～18 Ma东营组沉积末期。超压缝的形成与膏盐脱水、烃类充注和膏盐层封堵作用有关,形成于33～25 Ma东营组沉积时期。压实作用、溶解作用、收缩作用等成岩作用均可形成微裂缝。裂缝的形成序列为:早期构造缝-压裂缝-溶解缝-超压缝-收缩缝-晚期构造缝-溶解缝-压裂缝;裂缝的发育可以改善储层物性,宏观裂缝主要起渗流作用,微观裂缝既可作为有效的储集空间,又可作为酸性流体流动通道,产生次生孔隙带,提高储层孔隙度。     

低渗透储层孔隙结构影响因素及其定量评价——以准噶尔盆地金龙2地区二叠系上乌尔禾组二段为例

利用薄片、扫描电镜、物性及压汞等资料,对金龙2地区三叠系上乌尔禾组二段(P_3w_2)低渗(含砾)砂岩储层孔隙结构及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:①乌二段属于低孔低渗储层,根据压汞曲线参数特征,将其孔隙结构划分为三类。②成岩作用控制了储层孔隙结构,定量计算结果表明,乌二段视压实率平均为53.54%、视胶结率平均为47.53%、视溶蚀率平均为13.84%、视微孔隙率平均为60.67%,表现为中等压实、中—强胶结、弱溶蚀、微孔发育等特征;压实作用、胶结作用、微孔隙发育主要控制储层孔隙结构的形成。③引入成岩综合指数来定量表征各种成岩作用的综合强度,其与储层孔隙结构参数(排驱压力、分选系数)以及储层品质因子(RQI)具有较好的统计相关关系,Ⅰ类储层成岩综合指数大于8%,Ⅱ类储层成岩综合指数为2%～8%,Ⅲ类储层成岩综合指数小于2%。因此,可以利用成岩综合指数定量评价储层孔隙结构。     

基于MODIS的长江口表层水体盐度时空分异

长江河口地处海陆交汇地区,其海表盐度受到长江流域、东海和三角洲社会经济活动的复合影响。水体盐度直观反映了河口区域冲淡水分布,对于研究淡水羽状锋、长江物质输送与河口环境变化等具有重要意义。本文分别对枯季和洪季的长江口盐度实测数据,以及中分辨率成像光谱仪（moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer,MODIS）遥感反射率与反射率的比值进行拟合回归分析,建立长江口表层盐度反演经验模型,得到枯季的相关系数和均方根误差（root-mean-square error,RMSE）分别为-0.930 3、0.45‰,洪季的相关系数和RMSE分别为-0.818 5、0.88‰;并分析模型在时间尺度上的适用性。利用该盐度反演模型对长江口2007-2016年的表层盐度进行反演,结合大通站记录的长江径流量观测资料,分析长江口表层水体盐度的时空变化规律。结果表明：长江口表层盐度受径流量影响较大,空间上呈自西向东递增趋势,具有季节性分异;枯季近岸盐度较高,高盐度海水可以到达长江口南北支分叉122.5°E附近;洪季冲淡水影响范围广,高盐度海水聚集在123°E以东、31°N以南,长江口北部出现低盐区域;2007-2016年间枯季大通站流量呈上升趋势,平均盐度为29.27‰,总体呈降低趋势,洪季大通站流量呈降低趋势,平均盐度为27.10‰,呈上升趋势,盐度和径流量在年际变化中存在良好的负相关关系。     

浒苔光照和盐度胁迫响应基因UpMYB44的克隆与表达分析

为证明R2R3-MYB转录因子在浒苔响应非生物胁迫例如盐度和光照的过程中发挥的重要调控作用,利用实时荧光定量PCR、酵母双杂交系统、亚细胞定位等技术,研究获得了浒苔UpMYB44基因1 437 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)全长序列,编码478个氨基酸,属于典型的R2R3-MYB转录因子并通过烟草叶片转化确定其定位于细胞核,UpMYB44参与浒苔响应光照和盐度的胁迫过程,其中在低光和高盐胁迫下UpMYB44基因的相对表达量升高。筛选出了与UpMYB44互作的UpCPP5蛋白,该蛋白与浒苔的生长和细胞分裂有关,推测UpMYB44可能通过与UpCPP5互作,形成蛋白复合体参与浒苔的增殖过程。研究为日后深入探究MYB类转录因子家族调控藻类生长发育的过程奠定了基础,同时为研究浒苔快速繁殖的机制提供了思路。     

In situ measurements of wind‐driven salt fluxes through constructed channels in a coastal wetland ecosystem

A suite of instruments was deployed in a coastal wetland ecosystem in the Albemarle estuarine system, North Carolina (USA), to characterize wind‐driven transport of saltwater through a constructed (man‐made) channel. Flow velocity, electrical conductivity, and stage were measured in a representative channel over a 2‐month period from May to July 2014, during which 4 wind tides were observed. Collected data show that thousands of metric tons of salt were advected through the channel into coastal wetlands during each event, which lasted up to 4 days. The results reveal that as much as 36% of advected salts accumulated in the wetlands, suggesting that the cumulative effects of these events on the health of coastal wetlands in the Albemarle system may be substantial due to the abundance of constructed channels and the frequency of wind‐driven tidal events. This study is the first to quantify wind‐driven salt fluxes through constructed channels in coastal wetland settings.     

Effects of intensive aquifers exploitation on groundwater salinity in coastal wetlands

The coastal plain of the Río de la Plata constitutes a large wetland which develops on the right margin of the river estuary. Anthropic activities such as intensive exploitation of groundwater carried out in the vicinity of the wetland can modify the natural hydrological regime. The aim of this work is to asses the effects of intensive aquifer exploitation in coastal wetlands using hydrogeological models. Such models allow to evaluate changes in the environmental conditions of wetland at regional level. The hydrogeological model exposed in this work shows how the intensive groundwater exploitation affects the wetland area, generating important variations both in the groundwater flows and in the salinity of the groundwater. Identification of these modifications to the environment is important to generate guidelines leading to minimize these affectations.     

中国内地客源赴澳门旅游的空间差异及影响因素分析

中国内地已经成长为澳门最大的客源市场。论文依据澳门入境旅游统计数据,并运用计量地理学及因子分析相关方法综合分析中国内地客源赴澳门旅游的空间差异及影响因素。研究结果显示:中国东南沿海省区仍将是澳门的主要客源地,从2011至2016年内地客源赴澳门旅游的空间均衡重心点逐渐向北-向西移动,中国内地客源市场北方省区、中西部省区游客赴澳门旅游的市场潜力不断增大,内地客源赴澳门旅游的空间集聚程度日益离散,经济发展基础及消费能力是影响中国内地客源赴澳门旅游的主要因素。     

Assessment of 2DH and pseudo‐3D modelling platforms in a large saline aquatic system: Lake Urmia,Iran

The main objective of this paper is to provide comparative quantitative examinations on the capabilities of two‐dimensional horizontal and pseudo‐three‐dimensional (3D) modelling approaches for simulating spatial and temporal variability of the flow and salinity in Lake Urmia, Iran. The water quality in the lake has been an environmentally important subject partly because this shallow hypersaline aquatic ecosystem is considered to be one of the largest natural habitats of a unique multicellular organism, Artemia urmiana. This brine shrimp is the major food source for many of the protected and rare shorebirds that visit the lake. A. urmiana can grow and survive in certain ranges of salinity, and their disappearance could lead to an alteration of existing equilibria. The lake has also experienced considerable man‐made changes during the past three decades. A newly built crossing embankment almost divided the lake into two northern and southern halves. A relatively small opening of 1.25 km in the new embankment provides water connections between the two halves. As a result, the flow and salinity regimes have been significantly changed. This might have had adverse serious impacts on the lake ecosystem. In the current study, the two‐dimensional horizontal hydrodynamic model has been found to provide reasonable predictions for the flow regime in the lake, whereas its salinity predictions have not been consistent with the field observations. The pseudo‐3D model has produced results fairly close to the salinity measurements and its temporal and spatial variations. The pseudo‐3D model has been used for evaluating the embankment effects on the lake hydrodynamics and on the salinity conditions. The effectiveness of introducing a different number or length of openings in the embankment for restoring the pre‐embankment conditions has also been examined. These remedy options have been found not to offer substantial improvements to the lake's existing ecosystem. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimating absolute salinity (SA) in the world׳s oceans using density and composition

The practical (S_p) and reference (S_R) salinities do not account for variations in physical properties such as density and enthalpy. Trace and minor components of seawater, such as nutrients or inorganic carbon affect these properties. This limitation has been recognized and several studies have been made to estimate the effect of these compositional changes on the conductivity–density relationship. These studies have been limited in number and geographic scope. Here, we combine the measurements of previous studies with new measurements for a total of 2857 conductivity–density measurements, covering all of the world׳s major oceans, to derive empirical equations for the effect of silica and total alkalinity on the density and absolute salinity of the global oceans and to recommend an equation applicable to most of the world׳s oceans. The potential impact on salinity as a result of uptake of anthropogenic CO₂ is also discussed.     

江苏非物质文化遗产的时空分布及其影响因素

以江苏为例,运用地理学相关方法将非遗的时空分布可视化,并探讨其分布的影响因素。研究表明：江苏非遗在时间上呈“迂回向南”发展轨迹,其数量和类型在不同阶段具有明显差异;在空间上呈聚集性分布,分别在苏州、扬州、南京、常州、镇江和南通形成6个高密度核心;通过地理探测器分析,得知河流水系、政策导向、历史文化和经济等因素对非遗的时空分布有较大影响。由此得出重视江苏大运河文化带建设、将非遗纳入文化生态系统内整体性保护、正视非遗与经济合理互动等启示。