川北地区寒武系筇竹寺组钙质结核裂缝充填物特征及指示意义

川北地区寒武系筇竹寺组钙质结核泥页岩中早成岩期钙质结核较发育,结核裂缝中见多期次矿物充填。为揭示钙质结核裂缝形成机理,本次结合岩石学特征及地球化学特征等开展系统研究。川北筇竹寺组钙质结核裂缝中见三~四期矿物充填。第一期微晶方解石表面较脏,阴极发光暗淡,δ13C_(PDB)、δ18O_(PDB)平均值分别为-4.26‰及-7.69‰;第二期为细—中晶粒状方解石充填,阴极发光为橘黄色,流体包裹体均一温度为平均值为86.4℃,δ13C_(PDB)、δ18O_(PDB)平均值分别为-3.15‰及-7.41‰;第三期为粗晶方解石充填阴极发光暗淡,流体包裹体均一温度平均值为96.6℃,δ~(13)C_(_(PDB))、δ~(18)O_(_(PDB))平均值分别为-1.73‰及-10.28‰;第四期为重晶石充填。结合区域构造史—热演化史分析表明,钙质结核裂缝中四期充填物分别指示早期脱水、烃源岩早成熟期生烃、加里东构造运动抬升释压及深埋藏期硫酸盐热还原作用事件。     

藏南地区晚白垩世岩相古地理初步研究

通过对藏南地区上白垩统沉积特征及沉积相进行综合分析,初步地恢复了该地区晚白垩世岩相古地理.该地区自南向北沉积水体逐步变深,沉积相带展布依次为滨海相、浅海陆棚相(外陆棚和内陆棚亚相)、大陆斜坡相及深海盆地相,局部地区浅海陆棚相之上发育碳酸盐岩礁滩相和孤立台地相等.盆地性质总体上仍然为被动大陆边缘海盆,但已具备周缘前陆盆地...     

The influence of dam and lakes on the Yangtze River streamflow: long‐range correlation and complexity analyses

Employing long‐range correlation, complexity features and clustering, this study investigated the influence of dam and lake‐river systems on the Yangtze River flow. The impact of the Gezhouba Dam and the lake systems on streamflow was evaluated by analysing daily streamflow records at the Cuntan, the Yichang and the Datong station. Results indicated no evident influence of the Gezhouba Dam on streamflow changes. Distinct differences in scaling behaviour, long‐range correlation and clustering of streamflow at the Datong station when compared with those at the Cuntan and Yichang stations undoubtedly showed the influence of water storage and the buffering effect of the lake systems between the Datong station and other two hydrological stations on streamflow in the lower Yangtze River basin. Decreased regularity, enhanced long‐range correlation and increased clustering of streamflow in the lower Yangtze River basin due to the effect of water storage of the lake systems were corroborated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新疆玛纳斯湖沉积柱样的古气候古环境研究

本文提供玛纳斯湖两个长约５ｍ柱样的研究结果，并据此讨论新疆西部晚第四纪古气候演化。研究内容包括沉积物的矿物组成、自生碳酸盐的稳定同位素组成、孢粉组合等；用加速器质谱（ＡＭＳ）测定碳酸盐或有机质的＾１４Ｃ年龄。讨论了δ＾１８Ｏ剖面与亚洲夏季季风的关系。柱样的研究结果表明：玛纳斯湖地区晚更新世的３７０００－３２０００ａＢ．Ｐ．气候潮湿，而后又回到末次冰期的极端干旱气候。１２０００－１００００ａＢ．Ｐ．     

古湖岸线确定及其对优质储集层控制--以鄂尔多斯盆地北部地区盒8段为例

古湖岸线是历史时期湖平面与古陆地的交线,是陆上和水下沉积的分界线。确定古湖岸线的位置对于油气勘探起着重要的指导作用。在利用泥岩颜色、泥岩X衍射分析以及自然伽马曲线特征等常规湖岸线识别方法的基础上,从有机岩石学分析的全新角度认识研究区盒8段沉积环境,确定了盒8期古湖岸线具体位置及湖岸线摆动区。沉积盆地中古湖岸线控制了优质储集层的形成与发育,由于砂岩粒度、软岩屑含量、填隙物组成的差异以及后期成岩作用导致水上沉积带砂岩物性要优于岸线摆动沉积带和水下沉积带砂岩。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜铀矿床成矿特征与成矿模式

东胜铀矿床产于中侏罗统直罗组下段的辫状河道沉积砂体中,铀矿体受灰色砂岩与灰绿色砂岩的接触带控制。灰绿色砂岩的化学成分中硅酸盐矿物二价铁含量高是该类型砂岩呈现绿色的重要原因。在矿物组成上,灰绿色砂岩主要表现为粘土矿物总量高,特别是绿泥石含量高。岩石学、矿物学和地球化学的证据表明,东胜铀矿区存在后生还原作用。灰绿色砂岩是控矿的古氧化岩石遭受还原性流体改造的产物,后生还原作用掩盖了古氧化蚀变带,并在一定程度上起到了保矿作用。东胜地区后生还原作用在时间上和成因上与河套断陷盆地的产生和形成具有密切联系。铀在矿石中主要呈铀矿物和吸附形式存在。通过电子探针和X射线粉晶分析鉴定,确定东胜铀矿床矿石中的主要铀矿物为铀石,并含有少量钛铀矿和沥青铀矿。富矿石样品中铀石单矿物的铀铅同位素年龄集中分布于20~10 Ma之间。通过研究,建立了鄂尔多斯盆地东胜铀矿床的“多阶段铀成矿模式”,即“成岩期预富集层间渗入成矿再改造富集油气还原保护”的多阶段、多成因流体长期富集改造的铀成矿模式。     

Seismic‐stratigraphic constraints on the age of the Faroe Islands Basalt Group,Faroe–Shetland region,Northeast Atlantic Ocean

Lower Palaeogene extrusive igneous rocks of the Faroe Islands Basalt Group (FIBG) dominate the Faroese continental margin, with flood basalts created at the time of breakup and separation from East Greenland extending eastwards into the Faroe‐Shetland Basin. This volcanic succession was emplaced in connection with the opening of the NE Atlantic; however, consensus on the age and duration of volcanism remains lacking. On the Faroe Islands, the FIBG comprises four main basaltic formations (the pre‐breakup Lopra and Beinisvørð formations, and the syn‐breakup Malinstindur and Enni formations) locally separated by thin intrabasaltic sedimentary and/or volcaniclastic units. Offshore, the distribution of these formations remains ambiguous. We examine the stratigraphic framework of these rocks on the Faroese continental margin combining onshore (published) outcrop information with offshore seismic‐reflection and well data. Our results indicate that on seismic‐reflection profiles, the FIBG can be informally divided into lower and upper seismic‐stratigraphic packages separated by the strongly reflective A‐horizon. The Lower FIBG comprises the Lopra and Beinisvørð formations; the upper FIBG includes the Malinstindur and Enni formations. The strongly reflecting A‐horizon is a consequence of the contrast in properties of the overlying Malinstindur and underlying Beinisvørð formations. Onshore, the A‐horizon is an erosional surface, locally cutting down into the Beinisvørð Formation; offshore, we have correlated the A‐horizon with the Flett unconformity, a highly incised, subaerial unconformity, within the juxtaposed and interbedded sedimentary fill of the Faroe‐Shetland Basin. We refer to this key regional boundary as the A‐horizon/Flett unconformity. The formation of this unconformity represents the transition from the pre‐breakup to the syn‐breakup phase of ocean margin development in the Faroe–Shetland region. We examine the wider implications of this correlation considering existing stratigraphic models for the FIBG, discussing potential sources of uncertainty in the correlation of the lower Palaeogene succession across the Faroe–Shetland region, and implications for the age and duration of the volcanism.     

深时全球海平面变化重建方法的回顾与展望

全球海平面变化对古地理、古生物、古气候演化以及能源矿产分布具有重要的控制作用。然而,目前学界对深时海平面变化的驱动机制尚不清楚,部分归因于缺乏高精度全球海平面变化的恢复。文章回顾了全球海平面变化研究的起始与发展过程,归纳出五种类型的深时海平面变化重建方法和技术,即地层学、沉积学、洋盆动力学、同位素地球化学方法和大数据技术。并总结了上述研究方法的原理、优势和不足,并以白垩纪全球海平面重建为实例,讨论了当前深时全球海平面重建的难点和争议点,并对未来深时全球海平面变化重建进行了展望。     

黄骅坳陷孔南地区孔二段湖盆结构恢复

孔南地区孔二段受到沧东断层、徐西断层等活动影响,地层结构遭受强烈的改造,原有湖盆结构发生了很大的变化。隆起区构造单元富泥质沉积,凹陷构造单元富砂质沉积,成为研究区孔二段的主要特征之一,也成为研究的难点。本文通过对研究区孔二段沉积厚度、岩相、沉积相、构造分析以及等时地层格架下的沉积体系展布规律分析等,对孔二段沉积时期湖盆结构进行了恢复,改变了以往认为孔店期为断陷产物的认识,得出孔二段沉积时期,湖盆总体为坳陷盆地,现今处于盆地中心的孔店隆起构造带为孔二期的古湖盆中心和沉降中心。这一结论对认识黄骅坳陷孔南地区盆地演化,成因机制和油气勘探具有重要的意义。     

琼东南盆地崖城地区流体包裹体特征和油气充注期次分析

储层流体包裹体研究是油气充注期次分析的重要手段。对琼东南盆地崖城地区下第三系崖城组和陵水组砂岩储层5口钻井岩芯样品进行包裹体镜下显微观察、荧光分析和伴生盐水包裹体均一温度测量,表明该区下第三系主要发生过两期油气充注：第一期充注油气主要发淡黄色荧光,以液态烃包裹体和气液两相烃包裹体为主,伴生盐水包裹体的均一温度主要分布在130～160℃,根据区域埋藏热演化史推断油气充注时间为晚中新世—早上新世。第二期充注油气主要发淡蓝色荧光,以气态烃包裹体、气液两相烃包裹体和气液固三相烃包裹体为主,伴生盐水溶液包裹体的均一温度范围为160～190℃,充注时间应为第四纪。