黑河流域水资源生态环境安全问题研究

对黑河流域水文资料进行分析计算发现, 由于有冰川补给流域水资源比较稳定, 最枯年和最丰年水资源量之比仅为1:2, 这在北方河流中是非常罕见的。多年平均水资源量为32.31亿m³·a^-1, 人均水资源量为1689m³·a^-1, 略低于国际上公认的人均水资源安全警戒线1000~1700m³·a^-1的上限。根据黑河流域水资源反复转化多次重复利用的特点, 扣除7.5亿m³·a^-1的生态用水量, 结合流域正在执行的综合整治和节水措施的推广, 目前水资源状况是安全的, 下游生态环境的危机可以通过水资源统一调配来解决。依据天然出山水资源变化和水土资源开发利用规模及额济纳旗生态环境状况, 在不增加土地灌溉规模并适当采取节水措施的前提下, 可以确定32.31亿m³·a^-1的天然来水量为流域水资源安全临界线, 28亿m³·a^-1的天然来水量为流域水资源安全警戒线。     

基于GIS的饮水安全评价与预测系统研究

在分析国内外研究现状的基础上,探讨了基于GIS的系统总体设计的目标、原则、结构和系统的功能实现.以河南省镇平县的饮水安全评价与预测为研究对象,依据调查数据,选取预测因子和评价标准,以综合指数评价模型为例,详细阐述了饮水安全评价与预测系统所实现的图文双向查询、空间分析、水质评价与模拟等一系列功能,以实现饮水安全工程规划的空间信息管理和辅助决策支持.     

GIS-based cost distance modelling to support strategic maritime search and rescue planning: A feasibility study

Geographic information system (GIS) based methodologies are widely used to various problems. However, its potential for application to strategic maritime search and rescue (SAR) planning remains largely unexplored. To investigate the applicability of GIS-based tools to this problem, this paper presents an approach to evaluate accessibility and response times in a sea area. Such information aids to objectify the response effectiveness of a SAR system, which is important for rational resource allocation. The presented methodology accounts for the main characteristics of maritime response, namely spatial accessibility, capabilities of search and rescue units (SRUs) and prevailing wave conditions, which affect the attainable SRU speeds. An application to the Finnish areas of the Gulf of Finland is shown. Despite the existence of some difficulties with currently available tools (e.g. accurate and user-friendly spatial wave models and challenges with using raster-based methods in topologically complex areas) and limitations in knowledge (e.g. the SRU capabilities in actual operations), the results indicate that the methodology provides good opportunities for enhancing maritime decision making.     

Big Data Resource Planning for Food Safety: a Preliminary Exploration of the “Environment,Food and Health” Information Chain

Environmental pollution, food safety and health are closely linked. A key challenge in addressing the problem of food safety and protecting public health is building an integrated knowledge base to inform policy and strengthen governance. This requires breaking down the trans-departmental information barrier across the environment, food and health domains to ensure the effective flow of data and the efficient utilization of resources, and facilitate the collaborative governance of food safety. Achieving this will be crucial for the development of health and medical care in China in the era of big data. Currently, the information resources commanded by various departments are incomplete and fragmented. Data resources are also organized in vertical silos and there is a lack of data sharing within and across policy streams. To provide the basis for more effective integrated collection and analysis of data in future, this study summarizes the information resources of various departments whose work relates to interactions between environment, food and health, and presents measures to strengthen top-down design, and establish unified data standards and a big data sharing platform. It also points to the need for increased training of data analysts with interdisciplinary expertise.     

土体本构模型对强度折减法分析基坑整体稳定性的影响

运用有限元强度折减法对基坑工程进行整体稳定性分析时,已有研究主要采用摩尔-库伦模型对土体进行模拟,由于摩尔-库伦模型给出的基坑变形曲线与实测不符,故据此得到的基坑整体稳定安全系数也不甚合理。采用Plaxis硬化模型模拟开挖过程,在强度折减分析中采用特征点位移突变对基坑整体稳定性进行收敛判断,通过分析对比所选取的不同特征点的位移与折减系数的关系曲线,提出采用挡墙内侧开挖面附近土体作为收敛判断的判别点较为合理,其安全系数的取值与采用极限平衡法得到的结果比较接近,而摩尔-库伦模型所得到的计算结果则偏大。最后分析了基坑宽度、基底软土层厚度、挡墙插入深度和挡墙刚度等因素对基坑整体稳定性的影响,并比较了采用这两种不同土体本构模型对分析结果的影响     

拉拉铜矿含矿岩系地球化学特征及其构造意义

四川会理拉拉铜矿床是我国著名大型富铜矿床,矿床的形成与古元古代河口群海相火山岩密切相关。河口群火山岩除个别样品Nb/Y较低,其他多数样品有一致高的Nb/Y比值(0.7~3.0),属碱性玄武系列;在Nb/Th-Zr/Nb和Zr/Y-Nb/Y图上,HFSE比值成分点主要投在EM1型富集地幔附近,落入洋岛玄武岩(OIB)范围;火山岩较陡的REE分布型式和"驼峰"状微量元素原始地幔标准化分配型式,以及缺乏Nb、Ta负异常,与大陆玄武岩十分吻合;岩石形成于板内裂谷环境。这些地球化学特征表明,河口群火山岩形成于陆间裂谷,来源于地幔深部,指示了矿床的火山喷流沉积成矿作用。同时,岩石大离子元素和轻稀土元素比值不太稳定,变化较大,Eu负异常与蚀变重晶石、萤石和矿化有关,还暗示了岩石遭受了后期变质作用,以及与之有关的矿床变质成矿成因。     

甘南某金矿地球物理探测与冒顶事故分析

甘南某金矿3号矿体采用空场法开采,于2006年12月4日采场发生冒顶坍塌,造成矿山停产。为了恢复矿山生产和今后矿山生产安全,需要进行采场坍塌原因分析,了解采场塌埋填实情况,以便采取相应安全措施,保证采矿安全。为此,首先根据3号矿体的地质、采矿条件,分析了采场坍塌原因及其主要影响因素。在此基础上,采用地球物理勘探技术,进行了采场空区的电磁法探测,由此揭示了采场的空区填埋情况。同时,圈定了深部矿床的异常区,不仅为矿区恢复生产提供了重要设计依据,而且为矿山深部资源开发提供了重要的参考价值。     

Tectonomagmatic origin of Precambrian rocks of Mexico and Argentina inferred from multi-dimensional discriminant-function based discrimination diagrams

Several new multi-dimensional tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams employing log-ratio variables of chemical elements and probability based procedure have been developed during the last 10 years for basic-ultrabasic, intermediate and acid igneous rocks. There are numerous studies on extensive evaluations of these newly developed diagrams which have indicated their successful application to know the original tectonic setting of younger and older as well as sea-water and hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks. In the present study, these diagrams were applied to Precambrian rocks of Mexico (southern and north-eastern) and Argentina. The study indicated the original tectonic setting of Precambrian rocks from the Oaxaca Complex of southern Mexico as follows: (1) dominant rift (within-plate) setting for rocks of 1117–988 Ma age; (2) dominant rift and less-dominant arc setting for rocks of 1157–1130 Ma age; and (3) a combined tectonic setting of collision and rift for Etla Granitoid Pluton (917 Ma age). The diagrams have indicated the original tectonic setting of the Precambrian rocks from the north-eastern Mexico as: (1) a dominant arc tectonic setting for the rocks of 988 Ma age; and (2) an arc and collision setting for the rocks of 1200–1157 Ma age. Similarly, the diagrams have indicated the dominant original tectonic setting for the Precambrian rocks from Argentina as: (1) with-in plate (continental rift-ocean island) and continental rift (CR) setting for the rocks of 800 Ma and 845 Ma age, respectively; and (2) an arc setting for the rocks of 1174–1169 Ma and of 1212–1188 Ma age. The inferred tectonic setting for these Precambrian rocks are, in general, in accordance to the tectonic setting reported in the literature, though there are some inconsistence inference of tectonic settings by some of the diagrams. The present study confirms the importance of these newly developed discriminant-function based diagrams in inferring the original tectonic setting of Precambrian rocks.     

湖南上堡矿区钨锡矿成矿条件及找矿前景分析

上堡矿区出露地层有石炭系和二叠系,壶天群及栖霞组的灰岩、白云质灰岩化学性质活泼.W、Sn含量较高;区内的燕山早期黑云母花岗岩呈岩株或岩枝状产出,岩石具钠长石化和云英岩化,微量元素丰度值高;花岗岩体顶面的洼部构造很发育,规模大,是有利的成矿空间;围岩蚀变强烈,以矽卡岩化为主;W、Sn等元素的土壤异常围绕岩体分布,并且强度大,范围广;经钻探揭露,在接触带上有具工业意义的矽卡岩型钨锡矿体.通过分析,认为上堡矿区成矿地质条件优越,具有大型规模钨锡矿找矿潜力.