化爆标定地震定位方法研究

定位仿真表明,若标定震源在网内,震中偏差和震源深度偏差等值线都是以标定震源为圆心的同心圆,网内大约30%的事件,震中偏差为5%;如果标定震源位于台网一侧,约10%事件的震中误差为10%。无论标定源在网内还是在网外,计算震中都向标定震源方向移动,距标定点愈远,定位偏差愈大。速度标定定位显示,规则地震台网中对称线上的震源定位是不可靠的。实际网内化爆标定定位表明,对于网内事件,爆炸邻域定位精度比速度标定定位精度高;对于网外事件,邻域标定定位精度比速度标定定位精度低。     

Low velocity zone of upper mantle and its effect on PdSwr phase related to 670 km discontinuity

This paper studied some properties of PdSwr phase related to 670 km discontinuities in detail, and theoretically processed a preliminary analysis to this phase. We discussed the relationships between the incident angle ih of PdSwr phase with its path, epicentral distance, travel-time and relative amplitude due to low velocity zone (LVZ) of upper mantle, and preliminarily pointed out the main characters of PdSwr phase recorded in seismogram. The PdSwr phase is concentrated in range of 13.5(～96.5(. When epicentral distance is greater than 33(, the start point of PdSwr phase is relatively well distinguishable and could thus be determined more easily. When the epicentral distance is between 13.5( to 33(, the triplication of PdSwr(s travel-time curve could be slightly distinguished due to the low velocity zone and 220 km seismic velocity discontinuity of upper mantle. The relevant observed PdSwr phase should be in a more complex pattern and it should be more difficult to determine its start point.     

Vortex merger in surface quasi-geostrophy

The merger of two identical surface temperature vortices is studied in the surface quasi-geostrophic model. The motivation for this study is the observation of the merger of submesoscale vortices in the ocean. Firstly, the interaction between two point vortices, in the absence or in the presence of an external deformation field, is investigated. The rotation rate of the vortices, their stationary positions and the stability of these positions are determined. Then, a numerical model provides the steady states of two finite-area, constant-temperature, vortices. Such states are less deformed than their counterparts in two-dimensional incompressible flows. Finally, numerical simulations of the nonlinear surface quasi-geostrophic equations are used to investigate the finite-time evolution of initially identical and symmetric, constant temperature vortices. The critical merger distance is obtained and the deformation of the vortices before or after merger is determined. The addition of external deformation is shown to favor or to oppose merger depending on the orientation of the vortex pair with respect to the strain axes. An explanation for this observation is proposed. Conclusions are drawn towards an application of this study to oceanic vortices.     

Effect of depression storage capacity on overland‐flow generation for rough horizontal surfaces: water transfer distance and scaling

Overland‐flow triggering on rough surfaces was investigated using an understanding‐oriented model. The model was based on conditioned‐walker technique and developed to simulate and analyse the evolution of puddle connection on numerically generated rough surfaces. The percolation theory gave a theoretical framework to formalize model outputs and to study overland‐flow scaling. Overland‐flow triggering appeared consistent with a percolation process. A scale‐change exponent was suggested. New insights based on the concept of transfer distance of water were emphasized. Transfer distance enabled us to analyse the water redistribution inside a field and helped to define rainfall efficiency when infiltration occurred. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

全站仪水平距离的归算及在精密测量中的应用

本文通过对全站仪在对向观测中水平距离互差超限问题的分析,指出在精密测量中由于将斜距归算到水平距离所采用的高程面不同而存在计算公式上的差异;并针对目前市场上仪器内置公式和工程实际应用距离公式的不同,推导出加改正后的计算公式;最后应用所得公式对陕西省引红济石(引红岩河水至石头河)输水隧洞建设工程控制网观测资料进行了改正,指...     

长波天波授时可行性分析

为扩展现有长河二号系统的授时覆盖范围,提出利用天波实现远距离授时。结合实测数据以及长波天波场强和时延理论算法,分析了天波场强和时延随传播路径及昼夜变化的规律,并通过天地波场强的对比验证了利用天波授时的可行性。     

3S技术评估独立坐标系适用范围的方法

首先讨论了城市独立坐标系的变换规律以及距离改正和变形改正的相关算法;然后利用遥感、地理信息等3S技术,精确计算重庆城市独立坐标系的适用范围,为城市独立坐标系的建设和改进提供了可靠地理论支撑。     

利用星地双向伪距数据进行钟差预报分析

给出了星地双向上下行伪距观测的数学模型。利用Compass-M1卫星2007-11-25~2007-11-30的实测数据进行了钟差计算,并利用计算结果分别采用3种方案进行了短期、长期钟差预报。总结了钟差预报精度随拟合时间的变化规律,分析了其产生的原因,并给出了有益的结论。     

基于相似距离和等高线树的等高线聚类及其应用

通过形状匹配技术以获取等高线之间的相似程度,通过构建等高线树以获得等高线之间的邻近程度,然后将邻近的且形态相似的等高线实施聚类,实验结果表明聚类结果正确可靠。在获得聚类结果的基础上,还对等高线图进行了地形特征提取和数据压缩。     

一种改进的恒星相机在轨检校方法

目前利用星对角距进行恒星相机在轨检校时,一般有两种方法,一种是不考虑镜头畸变,只检校相机内方位元素;另一种考虑畸变的影响,先检校相机内方位元素,再用多项式来拟合畸变。本文在利用镜头畸变规律的基础上,将畸变与相机内方位元素一并检校。实验表明,该方法比其他两种方法能更有效的提高相机检校精度。