A new fault rupture scenario for the 2003 Mw 6.6 Bam earthquake, SE Iran: Insights from the high-resolution QuickBird imagery and field observations

The December 26, 2003 M_w 6.6 Bam earthquake is one of the most disastrous earthquakes in Iran. QuickBird panchromatic and multispectral satellite imagery with 61 cm and 2.4 m ground resolution, respectively provide new insights into the surface rupturing process associated with this earthquake. The results indicate that this earthquake produced a 2–5 km-wide surface rupture zone with a complex geometric pattern. A 10-km-long surface rupture zone developed along the pre-existing Bam fault trace. Two additional surface rupture zones, each 2–5 km long, are oblique to the pre-existing Bam fault in angles of 20–35°. An analysis of geometric and geomorphic features also shows that movement on the Bam fault is mainly right-lateral motion with some compressional component. This interpretation is consistent with field investigations, analysis of aftershocks as well as teleseismic inversion. Therefore, we suggest that the 2003 Bam earthquake occurred on the Bam fault, and that the surface ruptures oblique to the Bam fault are caused by secondary faulting such as synthetic shears (Reidel shears). Our fault model for the Bam earthquake provides a new tectonic scenario for explaining complex surface deformations associated with the Bam earthquake.     

煤矿立井非采动破裂工程地质勘察方法

深厚表土中煤矿立井非采动破裂是一种新的矿井地质灾害。以往的煤田地质勘探工作没有涉及该问题。本文建议立井破裂工程地质勘察可划分为初步勘察和详细勘察两阶段，提出了各阶段应包含的具体工作内容和工作方法；特别是提出要进行模拟土与井壁相互作用试验，获得不同埋深土层与井壁相互作用的力学参数；提出在勘探阶段判断厚表土层中煤矿立井非采动破裂的系统工作方法。最后给出了一勘察分析实例。     

Precise determination of focal parameters for July 20, 1995 M_L=4.1 earthquake sequence in the Huailai basin

IntroductionSince the late 1970s, the quickly developed global digital seismograph network has been providing high quality recordings of large earthquakes in global scale, based on which digital seismology has made great progress. Compared with large earthquakes, moderate and small sized shocks have more frequent occurrence, and comprise clues to geological tectonics and tectonic stress field in a region. Preceding and following a large earthquake, usually occur numbers of small events that im…     

双侧破裂模型对地震动空间相关性影响的定量研究

本在震源为双侧线状断层破裂模型的假定下，根据震源理论和波谱随空间坐标的展开式，得到了场地两点地震动Fourier谱的表达式Ab(f)=Aa(f)exp(a1δ0 a2δθ，中提出了将双侧破裂模型分解为两个单侧破裂模型计算双侧破裂模型a1和a2的数值方法，以一次地震（M＝6）为例，分析了双侧破裂模型对地震动空间相关性的影响，计算了 a1和a2的实部和虚部以及孔径随震中距，方位角和频率变化的三维图像。     

经验GREEN函数法研究丽江6.0级强余震的地震动及破裂特征

利用经验Green函数方法，用1996年云南丽江地震后的ML4．7级地震合成了这次地震的最大余震Ms6．0的加速度记录，通过与实际记录在频域和时域的对比研究，分析研究了地震动特征和这次最大余震的可能破裂特征，并对经验Green函数方法进一步的改进方向进行了探讨。     

Investigation of rupture process of the 1999 M =5.4 Xiuyan, Liaoning, earthquake sequence

Conclusions The sequence of the November 29, 1999 Xiuyan, Liaoning, earthquake withM _S=5.4 is relocated, and its rupture process is analyzed. Results are as follows: The rupture extended mainly before the January 12, 2000,M _S=5.1 earthquake. There are two phases of rupture extending: The first phase was before the November 29, 1999,M _S=5.4 earthquake, epicenters were situated within a small region with a dimension of about 5 km, and the focal depth increased. It shows that the rupture mainly extended from shallow part to deep in the vertical direction. The second phase was between theM _S=5.4 earthquake and theM _S=5.1 earthquake, earthquakes migrated along southeast, the focal depth decreased. It indicates that the rupture extended along southeast and from deep to shallow part. Foundation item: The Project of “Mechanism and Prediction of the Strong Continental Earthquake” (95-13-05-04). Contribution No. 01FE2017, Institute of Geophysics, China Seismological Bureau.     

预破裂中声波信号参数特性

通过对岩石样品进行变形及破坏试验，研究断裂形成过程中的声发射记录（ＡＥ），以找到能解释地震前兆现象的方法．另外，对试验过程中获得的大量数据及资料进行了数理统计处理．     

地震破裂过程的几何学与运动学特征的模拟

本应用形变破裂和激光全息光弹实验，结合断裂力学的观点研究了地震破裂过程的三个方面：１．地震破裂的力学机制；２．地震破裂的应变特征与运动过程；３．地震破裂过程的应力场分布特征。并分析了地震破裂过程的几何学与运动学特征以及探讨了它们与地震发生。前兆和余震迁移的密切关系。此项研究为活动断层分段研究和地震预报提供了实验证据。     

Morphological characteristics of the earthquake surface ruptures on Awaji Island, associated with the 1995 Southern Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake

Abstract The earthquake surface ruptures on the northern side of Awaji Island accompanying the 1995 Southern Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake in Japan consist of three earthquake surface rupture zones called the Nojima, Matsuho, and Kusumoto Earthquake Surface Rupture Zones. The Nojima Earthquake Surface Rupture Zone is - 18 km long and was formed from Awaji-cho at the northern end of Awaji Island to Ichinomiya-cho. It occurred along the pre-existing Nojima geological fault in the northern segment and as a new fault in the southern segment. The northern segment of the Nojima Earthquake Surface Rupture Zone is composed of some subparallel shear faults showing a right-step en echelon form and many extensional cracks showing a left-step en echelon form. The southern segment consists of some discontinuous surface ruptures which are concentrated in a narrow zone a few tens of meters in width. This surface rupture zone shows a general trend striking north 30°-60° east, and dipping 75°-85° east. The deformational topographies and striations on the fault plane generated during the co-seismic displacement show that the Nojima Earthquake Surface Rupture Zone is a right-lateral strike-slip fault with some reverse component. Displacements measured at many of the outcrops are generally 100-200 em horizontally and 50-100 em vertically in the northern segment and a few em to 20 em both horizontally and vertically in the southern segment. The largest displacements are 180 em horizontally, 130 em vertically, and 215 em in netslip measured at the Hirabayashi fault scarp. The Matsuho Earthquake Surface Rupture Zone striking north 40°-60° west was also found along the coastline trending northwest-southeast in Awaji-cho for ～1 km at the northern end of Awaji Island. The Kusumoto Earthquake Surface Rupture Zone occurred along the pre-existing Kusumoto geological fault for ～ 1.5 km near the northeastern coastline, generally striking north 35°-60° east, dipping 60°-70° west. From the morphological and geomorphological characteristics, the Nojima Earthquake Surface Rupture Zone can be divided into four segments which form a right-step en echelon formation. The geological and geomorphological evidence and the aftershock epicenter distributions show clearly that the distributions and geometry of these four segments are controlled by the pre-existing geological structures.