基于核密度分析与关联规则的天水盆地黄土滑坡规律研究

滑坡灾害是天水盆地最严重的地质灾害.本文基于已有的灾害数据,利用GIS叠加分析的结果作为滑坡灾害点的属性特征,与灾害点的核密度分析结果建立关联规则,找出高风险滑坡区域与相关属性特征的关联关系.结果表明:天水盆地的滑坡灾害与降水条件、地层岩性以及地形坡度有较强的关联关系.     

An extended cellular automaton using case‐based reasoning for simulating urban development in a large complex region

Rule‐based cellular automata (CA) have been increasingly applied to the simulation of geographical phenomena, such as urban evolution and land‐use changes. However, these models have difficulties and uncertainties in soliciting transition rules for a large complex region. This paper presents an extended cellular automaton in which transition rules are represented by using case‐based reasoning (CBR) techniques. The common k‐NN algorithm of CBR has been modified to incorporate the location factor to reflect the spatial variation of transition rules. Multi‐temporal remote‐sensing images are used to obtain the adaptation knowledge in the temporal dimension. This model has been applied to the simulation of urban development in the Pearl River Delta which has a hierarchy of cities. Comparison indicates that this model can produce more plausible results than rule‐based CA in simulating this large complex region in 1988–2002.     

小兴安岭翠宏山地区矽卡岩型铁多金属矿成矿特征及区域预测

小兴安岭是黑龙江中部重要的多金属成矿区带,成矿潜力巨大。通过对翠宏山铁多金属典型矿床的研究,建立了区域预测概念模型,总结了该区铁多金属矿的控矿规律,确定了预测要素。在此基础上运用MRAS软件,圈定了3个最小预测区,并对预测区进行了地质评述,认为翠宏山铁多金属矿外围仍是寻找矽卡岩型铁多金属矿较为有利的地区。     

土钉加固黏性土坡加载的离心模型试验研究

进行了不同坡度土钉加固边坡坡顶加载的离心模型试验,观测了土坡的破坏过程并测量土坡的位移场,研究了土钉加固黏性土坡的承载力、变形和破坏规律以及坡角对其破坏规律的影响。试验结果表明,坡顶荷载的增加引起土坡变形的增加,变形的集中产生和发展导致滑裂面的形成并使土坡发生破坏。土钉变形规律受加载阶段和加载底板的综合影响,坡顶荷载越大,接近坡顶的土钉弯曲挠度越大,钉土间的相互作用越强。土坡的坡角越大,承载力越低,土体呈现出更显著的向坡面位移的趋势。     

西昆仑落石沟一带铅锌矿成矿特征及区域预测

西昆仑是新疆西南部重要的成矿区带,落石沟矿带已发现铁多金属、铜、铅锌矿（床）点16处,成矿潜力巨大。从区域地质成矿背景、控矿构造、沉积建造分析入手,以宝塔山、落石沟铅锌矿作为典型矿床,结合重力、磁法、化探、遥感等信息建立了区域预测概念模型,初步总结了该区铅锌矿的控矿规律,确定了区域宏观与微观预测要素。在此基础上运用证据权法采用地质、地球化学、地球物理、遥感等12个变量进行了成矿后验概率计算,后验概率最大值为0.854 022,最小值为0.000 015。按3级分类,成矿最为有利地区后验概率为0.643 428,较为有利地区后验概率为0.432 833,一般有利地区后验概率为0.222 238。按一定颜色进行分区,根据后验概率图圈定了5个最小预测区。对预测区进行了地质评述,结果表明,西昆仑落石沟一带是寻找层控-热液型铅锌矿较为有利的地区。     

Damping formulation for nonlinear 1D site response analyses

Measurements and observations of ground shaking during large earthquakes have demonstrated the predominant role of site effects in the response of infrastructure during a seismic event. Despite significant efforts to model the hysteretic response and nonlinearity of soils due to medium and large ground motions, the most widely accepted nonlinear site response methods are not able to represent simultaneously the changes of stiffness and energy dissipation (damping) observed in both laboratory tests and during earthquake events. This paper presents two new soil damping formulations implemented in nonlinear one-dimensional site response analysis for small and large strains. The first formulation introduces an approach to construct a frequency-independent viscous damping matrix which reduces the over-damping at high frequencies, and therefore, the filtering at those frequencies. The second formulation introduces a reduction factor that modifies the extended Masing loading/unloading strain–stress relationship to match measured modulus reduction and damping curves simultaneously over a wide range of shear strains. A set of examples are introduced to illustrate the effect of using the two proposed formulations, separately and simultaneously, in nonlinear site response analyses.     

燃气GIS地理网络模型构建技术研究

在分析城市燃气地理网络的特点、构成要素、各要素之间关系的基础上,将燃气地理网络抽象为物理网络、几何网络和逻辑网络三个层次。介绍了三个层次网络模型的特点与本质联系,提出了燃气网络构造的拓扑规则(边-边规则、边-结点规则等),给出了燃气网络构建的流程和实现框架。并以十堰市燃气GIS的网络模型为例,说明了燃气地理网络模型的构建技术与应用。     

利用本体的WFS要素语义检索研究

为了实现基于多源WFS服务要素层次的语义检索,提出了一个要素本体的五元模型。在此框架下,研究了要素本体的自动构建方法,形式化定义了要素的空间关系,并扩展了逻辑关系以及空间关系的推理规则来实现要素层次的联合推理检索,并给出了联合规则推理的要素语义检索算法。实例证明,本文方法对多源WFS的语义查询具有实际的可行性,为多源WFS服务要素的语义检索提供了一个新的方法。     

利用规则进行高分辨率遥感影像地物提取

针对高分辨率遥感影像中地物的复杂性和多变性带来的地物提取难点,提出了一种基于多层次规则的面向对象的典型地物提取方法。改进了基于区域增长的影像分割方法,利用小区域内的全局最优策略进行初始增长,避开了种子点的选择。利用影像分割得到的影像对象作为地物提取的基元,针对影像上典型地物选择提取特征,利用多层次的提取规则进行地物提取,总的提取精度达到87.1%。     

基于C4.5算法的遥感影像分类

随着城市化进程的加快,湿地对整个生态系统的可持续发展具有重要的意义。以洪泽湖湿地为研究区,集合TM影像的光谱信息和纹理信息构建空间数据库,获取训练样本,并从训练样本集中获取分类规则;然后利用C4.5算法构建决策树,并基于知识规则推理得到遥感影像分类结果;最后将分类结果与传统的最大似然法进行比较分析。实验表明,基于C4.5算法得到的分类结果的分类总精度为91.9701%,其分类总精度结果明显高于传统的最大似然法的80.0885%;同样,前者的分类结果的Kappa系数为0.900 3,也远远高于最大似然法的0.746 5。