低序次韧性断裂的负反转构造研究

赣湘地区的变质核杂岩和变质穹窿构造中，晚期脆性断裂与早期低序次韧性构造间存在着明显的相关联系。这是由于韧性断裂中的面理(S2)，经劈理、节理多次转化，由压性构造转化为张性构造并形成伸展型的脆性断裂。其演化机制在宏观上是碰撞造山形变后期的引张作用；微观上是岩石物体加工硬化的方向性等缘故。并综合分析了在荷载、边界变化的条件下，应力、应变在宏-微观上的重新分配(partitioning)，导致低序次韧性构造向脆性断裂负反转的必然趋势。这方面的研究，不论在资源或是环境地质调查中均有实践意义。     

大断面黄土隧道初期支护适应性研究

以兰渝铁路大断面黄土隧道为工程背景,采用三维数值模拟结合现场监测实验对现有初期支护设计参数的适应性进行研究,对大断面黄土隧道初期支护的受力与变形特性进行综合分析。通过三维数值模拟得到黄土隧道开挖扰动后初期支护的受力与变形状态,将数值计算结果与现场监控量测对比获得典型断面围岩的应力和位移发展规律并对初期支护安全性进行评价;通过FLAC3D的FISH语言开发程序分析混凝土硬化特性对初期支护受力与变形的影响;现场跟踪量测与数值模拟的计算结果基本吻合,结论可为黄土地区隧道初期支护的设计和施工提供一定的借鉴和参考,积累有益的经验     

Compressibility and permeability of sand–kaolin mixtures. Experiments versus non‐linear homogenization schemes

This study deals with the behaviour of mixtures of sand and saturated kaolin paste considered as composite materials made of permeable and deformable (with non‐linear behaviour) matrix (the kaolin paste) with rigid and impervious inclusions (the sand grains). Oedometric and permeability tests highlight the key role of the state of the clay paste, and show the existence of a threshold of sand grain concentration above which a structuring effect influences both compressibility and permeability. At the light of these experiments two homogenization schemes (with simplifying assumptions to make the problem manageable) are considered to model these two parameters. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with experimental data point out their respective domain of interest and limitations: a tangent homogenization scheme is shown to be sufficient to describe the macroscopic properties for dilute sand concentration; above the concentration threshold, the structuring effect is captured by the new homogenization scheme developed in this paper. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The subloading isotropic plasticity as a variable modulus model

The subloading concept is an extension of mathematical plasticity which defines an internal surface to the conventional yield surface. It is indeed a versatile approach, especially for the modelling of soils under quasi-static cycles with smooth transitions from pure elastic to elastoplastic behaviour. For the case of isotropic hardening models, this paper demonstrates that the subloading isotropic plasticity is equivalent to a variable modulus approach and therefore a simpler and equivalent methodology can be adopted instead. In addition to demonstrating this equivalence, an alternative formulation that was presented elsewhere and that uses only one surface is briefly discussed. The alternative formulation can then be easily applied to popular models for soils such as the Cam clay model. Finally, some numerical predictions are presented in order to illustrate the capabilities of the subloading isotropic plasticity and the corresponding variable modulus approach.     

Finite element modelling of rate-dependent ratcheting in granular materials

The present paper introduces a comprehensive model that is capable of describing the behaviour, under cyclic loading, of the granular materials used in railway tracks and road pavement. Its main thrust is the introduction of the “Chicago” law in a continuum approach to account for the ratcheting effects. It also emphasizes rate-dependency as a dissipative mechanism that acts independently or jointly with the ratcheting effect as well as the non-associated plasticity. The numerical procedure is based on the return mapping algorithm, where Newton’s method is used to calculate the nonlinear consistency parameter of the flow rule and to obtain a consistent tangent modulus. The model was applied to specific numerical examples including multi-axial and cyclic loading conditions.     

岩土材料应力路径无关硬化参量的构成方法

在分析砂土试验结果的基础上,揭示了基本硬化内参量（塑性体积应变、塑性剪应变）变化的应力路径相关性,提出了应力路径无关硬化参量的一般表达式。并指出了塑性功硬化参量及其提出的黏土和砂土统一硬化参量均是所提一般表达式框架下的特例。还将该统一硬化参量直接和修正剑桥模型结合,并与试验结果对比,表现出描述剪胀特性的简单性和有效性。     

A hypoplastic model for gas hydrate‐bearing sandy sediments

Gas hydrate‐bearing sediments (GHBSs) have been considered as a potential energy resource. In this paper, the mechanical properties of GHBS are firstly investigated by the integrated test apparatus for synthesis of GHBS using silty sand as skeleton. Triaxial tests indicate an obvious transition of stress‐strain relationship from strain hardening under low hydrate saturation and strain softening under high hydrate saturation. The hypoplastic models coupled with Drucker‐Prager criterion and the Mohr‐Coulomb criterion are proposed to analyze the stress‐strain relationship of GHBS with considering the effective porosity because of the hydrate filling in the pores of GHBS. The strain hardening and softening behaviors are well predicted with less material parameters compared with the classical models. Compared with the test results, the proposed hypoplastic models are verified to be capable of capturing the salient features of the mechanical behaviors of GHBS under the conditions of little temperature change and no hydrate dissociation.     

A trial for monitoring temporal variation of seismic velocity using an ACROSS system

Abstract The temporal variation of seismic velocity near the Nojima Fault, which ruptured during the 1995 Kobe earthquake (Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake), was detected using an accurately controlled routine-operated seismic source (ACROSS). The source generates elastic waves by a centrifugal force of an eccentric mass rotating around an axis. The mass is driven with an AC servomotor whose angular position is accurately controlled with reference to a very accurate global positioning system (GPS) clock. The error of the mass' position is less than 0.002 radian and does not accumulate. As a result, the source generates sinusoidal waves of very narrow spectral peaks enabling their detection with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. Although the stability of the rotation is quite excellent, a large daily variation was found, which seems to be caused by changes in atmospheric temperature. The daily variation was 10% in amplitude and 0.1 radian in phase of the signal observed at the 800 m borehole seismometer. A significant variation was found to be due to that of coupling between the rotational source and the foundation made of reinforced concrete in which the source was situated. In order to make a correction on the signal of the 800 m borehole seismometer, the vibration of the foundation was measured and modeled assuming a rigid body movement. The correction successfully reduced the daily variation by approximately 90%, resulting in a variation of 1% in amplitude and 0.01 radian in phase. The phase variation of 0.01 radian corresponds to 100 μs and less than 0.1% in velocity over 1000 m between the source and the receiver.     

非饱和土的本构模型研究

引用平均土骨架应力的概念,研究推导出非饱和土的刚度参数随吸力变化而变化的关系式,进而推导得到用平均土骨架应力表述的非饱和土LC屈服面函数以及硬化规律。从土力学原理推导,得到土样由于在净应力和吸力作用下产生体积变形引起土样饱和度变化的关系式。由平均土骨架应力推广,得到三轴应力状态的椭圆屈服函数,这一非饱和土本构模型的优点在于考虑了应力作用后土样饱和度的变化,通过对已有试验数据的初步验证,表明提出的非饱和土本构模型的合理性和适用性。