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A comparison of three image-object methods for the multiscale analysis of landscape structure 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Geoffrey J. Hay Thomas Blaschke Danielle J. Marceau Andr Bouchard 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2003,57(5-6):327
Within the conceptual framework of Complex Systems, we discuss the importance and challenges in extracting and linking multiscale objects from high-resolution remote sensing imagery to improve the monitoring, modeling and management of complex landscapes. In particular, we emphasize that remote sensing data are a particular case of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) and describe how image-objects provide a way to reduce this problem. We then hypothesize that multiscale analysis should be guided by the intrinsic scale of the dominant landscape objects composing a scene and describe three different multiscale image-processing techniques with the potential to achieve this. Each of these techniques, i.e., Fractal Net Evolution Approach (FNEA), Linear Scale-Space and Blob-Feature Detection (SS), and Multiscale Object-Specific Analysis (MOSA), facilitates the multiscale pattern analysis, exploration and hierarchical linking of image-objects based on methods that derive spatially explicit multiscale contextual information from a single resolution of remote sensing imagery. We then outline the weaknesses and strengths of each technique and provide strategies for their improvement. 相似文献
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MTMD对建筑结构多模态控制的减震分析 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
本文研究了MTMD对建筑结构多模态减震控制。将主结构简化为多自由度模型,MTMD对结构的反力与地震荷载共同作为结构的荷载输入进行分析;基于主结构多模态耦合进行推导分析,阐述了MTMD与结构之间的相互作用关系,提出MTMD的复惯性质量。提出MTMD的控制类型是加速度相关型的无源被动控制。从频域传递函数,白噪声、宽带和窄带地震激励下的结构相对位移和绝对加速度谱密度,以及El-centro地震波作用下结构的地震响应三个方面,分析了MTMD对顶部带有结构附属物的结构的控制效果。并且给出TMD的控制效果加以比较验证。算例说明MTMD多模态控制对结构的相对位移和绝对加速度均有较好的控制效果,并且优于TMD控制效果。 相似文献
245.
时间项分析法中,应用广义最小二乘法进行反演,对长白山天池火山区岩浆系统的长白—敦化(L1)剖面的Pg波到时进行了计算处理,得到了Pg波时间项及基底速度值;取上部地壳的介质平均速度为4.5km/s,经反演求得了各点的深度值,给出了长白山天池火山区结晶基底的厚度分布。结晶基底厚度一般在2.0km左右,而在长白山天池下方结晶基底最厚处接近4.0km;在万宝和敦化附近各有一不太明显的凹陷,其原因可能与在这两个位置处有几条断裂穿过有关。 相似文献
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A. Gelencsér A. Hoffer G. Kiss E. Tombácz R. Kurdi L. Bencze 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,45(1):25-33
Current climate models seem to underestimate the flux of solar energy absorbed by the global troposphere. All of these models are constrained with the assumption that cloud droplets consist of pure water. Here we demonstrate in a simple laboratory experiment that aromatic hydroxy-acids which are found in continental fine aerosol can react with hydroxyl radicals under typical conditions prevalent in cloud water influenced by biomass burning. The reactions yield colored organic species which do absorb solar radiation. We also suggest that the products of such reactions may be humic-like substances whose presence in continental aerosol has been confirmed but their source mechanisms are still much sought after. We also attempt to give a first order estimate of the enhancement of water absorption at a visible wavelength under atmospheric conditions. 相似文献
248.
A case study of warm air advection over the Arctic marginalsea-ice zone is presented, based on aircraft observations with direct flux measurements carriedout in early spring, 1998. A shallow atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) was observed, which wasgradually cooling with distance downwind of the ice edge. This process was mainly connected with astrong stable stratification and downward turbulent heat fluxes of about 10–20 W m-2, but wasalso due to radiative cooling. Two mesoscale models, one hydrostatic and the other non-hydrostatic,having different turbulence closures, were applied. Despite these fundamental differences betweenthe models, the results of both agreed well with the observed data. Various closure assumptions had amore crucial influence on the results than the differences between the models.Such an assumption was, for example,the parameterization of the surface roughness for momentum (z0) and heat (zT). This stronglyaffected the wind and temperature fields not only close to the surface but also within and abovethe temperature inversion layer. The best results were achieved using a formulation for z0 that took intoaccount the form drag effect of sea-ice ridges together withzT = 0.1z0. The stability within theelevated inversion strongly depended on the minimum eddy diffusivity Kmin. A simple ad hocparameterization seems applicable, where Kmin is calculated as 0.005 timesthe neutral eddy diffusivity. Although the longwave radiative cooling was largest within the ABL, theapplication of a radiation scheme was less important there than above the ABL. This was related to theinteraction of the turbulent and radiative fluxes. To reproduce the strong inversion, it wasnecessary to use vertical and horizontal resolutions higher than those applied in most regional andlarge-scale atmospheric models. 相似文献
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利用光学和电子显微镜研究了海原断裂带西段断层泥的粒径分布,5微米至1厘米的粒径段,断层泥具有自相似特征,断层面的粘滑摩擦的特征位移参数可由分维上限(约1厘米)确定。同时用分形理论分析了断层泥粒度分重量百分比的分形结构特征,探讨了粒度成分分维值与断层运动特征的关系。 相似文献