随钻测量定向钻进技术在矿井顶板水患治理中的应用研究

西北侏罗系顶板裂隙水害是我国煤矿水害主要类型之一,严重影响了矿井的正常生产,并构成了安全隐患。提出采用随钻测量定向钻进技术施工定向长钻孔进行顶板水探放的治理方案,并对钻进成孔工艺和钻探装备进行了选配。选择红柳煤层3121工作面进行了现场应用,施工的定向长钻孔终孔平均出水量是相邻工作面常规钻孔的269倍,相同疏放周期时放水量是常规钻孔的415倍,成功对2个顶板含水层进行探放并达到安全开采要求,起到超前长距离区域探放顶板水的效果,同时可节约78%工期。现场应用情况表明,随钻测量定向钻进技术在顶板水害防治中具有广阔的应用前景,可为类似矿井提供参考。     

绳索取心钻进技术在松散盐岩地层中的应用探讨

地质岩心钻探中,岩心采取率一直是地质找矿、地学科研工作者重点关注的对象,也是岩心钻探重要的考核指标。传统的钻探取心方法在松散、软弱、含盐地层,特别是含易溶盐地层的取心质量不佳;绳索取心钻探在完整地层取心效果较为理想,同时可大大提高劳动生产率、降低劳动强度,而对于松散、软弱地层,其取心难度比起传统钻探有时更为复杂。通过柴达木盆地达布逊干盐湖科学钻探工程,对钻遇的地表层、松散地层如何采取技术方法提高岩心采取率进行了探索和研究。实践证明,通过改善冲洗液性能、改进取心卡簧特性及钻头出水方式3个方面技术措施,可大大提高绳索取心钻进在松散、软弱、弱固结、含盐地层的岩心采取率,由改进前的平均30%提高为平均96%。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系地层格架的建立——来自岩性、地震、测井及地化方面的证据

准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系一直是我国重要的油气攻关层位,然而其地层发育情况却长期存在争议,尤其是精细层位划分以及内部是否存在不整合界面的问题。本次研究结合了前人研究成果、岩性、测井、地震资料,并以野外露头研究为基础,通过对深底沟—大侏罗沟、花园沟、黑油山沟、吐孜沟、水库沟5条野外剖面的考察,识别出各类标志层以及J/T、T/C、T3/T2、T2k2/T2k1、S6/S7界线,认为三叠系内部并不缺失S2、S3(砂组,位于T2k2),并可区分出此二层位,随即建立起多个野外剖面的时空对应关系;此外,本次研究还通过不同岩性岩石测井响应特征将下三叠统划分为3段6砂组,将上三叠统划分为3段7砂组,将中三叠统则更细划分为2段7砂组14小层,并通过元素地层学方法对层位进行了局部检验。     

黄土高原黄土地层的对比及细分

将前人对黄土高原黄土地层划分的研究成果进行全面总结、分析,结合洛川、宝鸡、西峰3个经典剖面,利用土壤 地层学、沉积学、磁性地层学、古生物学、年代学、地球化学等研究方法对黄土高原的黄土地层进行详细对比以及进一步 细分。将早、中更新世界线调整为B/M极性倒转开始的对应层位——L9顶部。根据岩性和气候旋回周期的差异性等,将离 石黄土三分,S8/L9作为离石黄土内部划分的一条新界线,S1~L5划分为上离石黄土,S5~S8划分为中离石黄土,L9~L15划分为 下离石黄土。在分析过程中发现关键层位（S0,L1,S1,S5,L9,L15,L33） 的年龄具有差异性。     

康定杂岩的时代及成因探讨

四川西南部前震旦纪康定杂岩,主要由英云闪长质深成岩和一些具残留顶盖特征的变质地层组成。深成岩体呈南北向线性展布,实地接触关系证明,它们是晚于围岩的侵入体;而且岩相学和地球化学特征表明,深成岩是玄武质源的岩浆分离结晶作用产物.结合区内岩石构造组合,可以推断英云闪长质深成岩是在位于陆缘型岩浆弧近大洋的构造环境下形成.鉴于康定杂岩的岩石组合及地球化学特征与太古代地体存在明显差别,其时代应属于元古代.     

Experimental and numerical investigations of stresses in a fully grouted rock bolts

Rock bolts are widely used for rock reinforcement in hard-rock mining and civil engineering since a long time. However the use of fully grouted rock bolts and cable bolts is limited in coal mines. In order to improve performance of the rock bolts as a supplementary roof support system for any type of roof condition in coal measured formations, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the behavior of the bolt–grout and grout–rock interactions as well as the mechanism of load transfer in rock bolts.As the performance of grouted bolts depends on bond strength, extensive laboratory pullout as well as pushout tests were conducted in the present investigations with the variations in the bolt diameters, length and cement–water mixing ratios of grout. The load–displacement curves were developed and were verified with the numerical results obtained from finite element analysis using ALGOR software.Numerical models were validated for pushout tests and a detailed analysis was carried out to know the displacement, stress, strain distribution along the bolt.     

南盘江坳陷二叠系层序地层格架及古地理环境

南盘江坳陷二叠系划分为12个三级层序,平均每个层序延续时限为3Ma。进而将三级层序划分为4个Ⅰ型层序和8个Ⅱ型层序。三级层序虽然在不同地区发育完整性有所不同,但总体可以进行对比。三级层序构成两个超层序。超层序SS1沉积期,南盘江坳陷主要为台、盆相间古地理格局,具有狭窄的台地边缘一台地斜坡沉积。钦防地区为半深海环境。超层序SS2沉积末期,右江地区从台、盆相间格局演化到盆包台格局。上扬子古陆主体为开阔台地一局限台地,而靠近川滇古陆则变为陆相环境。     

Investigation of fractal distribution law for the trace number of random and grouped fractures in a geological mass

A fractal study method of the number of geological mass fractures is introduced in detail in this paper. Three main aspects of the problem were studied: (1) The random distribution of fractures in a geological mass was in good agreement with the fractal law. The size scale of the studied geological mass ranged from 2400 m to 1 mm for the length of each side, and the geological mass samples were taken from 13 coal areas in China. (2) The geological mass fractures were evidently directional and anisotropic, having originated from tectonic movement. Observation and statistics for the data from the Xuangang, Fenxi and Dongshan coal areas in Shanxi, China, demonstrated that the fracture distribution of each group, classified by the strike of the strata, still follow the fractal law, even though the fractal dimension varies to a certain extent with different strikes. (3) The sedimentary strata containing the coal seams, as a geological mass, underwent almost similar tectonic movements in their geological history. The mechanical experiments on geological mass samples from Fenxi and Jiexiu in Shanxi demonstrated that the fractal dimension of the number of fractures in the same strata is in good power function with the product of strength and elastic modulus. The larger the product of the strength of the elastic modulus is, the larger is the fractal dimension, and vice versa.     

苏北梁王城遗址黄泛层初步研究

基于黄河下游流域考古遗址中第一次发现的黄泛地层,对苏北梁王城遗址T3902探方南壁剖面上部自然淤积层采样,结合考古断代,并参照历史资料,通过分析重砂矿物和粒度两方面的实验结果,揭示出考古遗址中黄泛地层的沉积物特征。旨在为今后环境考古中对黄泛地层的判别和对比提供可靠的科学依据,特别是为在黄河下游洪泛区考古遗址中疑似黄泛层的确认提供依据。     

瑶岭钨矿区寒武纪地层特征对寻找石英脉型黑 钨矿的指示意义

瑶岭钨矿由北矿区、东矿区和白基寨矿区3个矿区组成,其中北矿区是主要生产矿区,以石英脉型黑钨矿为主.在对北矿区大比例尺填图过程中,我们发现矿区地表地层单一,主要为寒武纪沉积的变质砂岩和板岩.针时这种情况,我们采用土壤地球化学测量、物探磁法测量、钻探等工程方法对寒武纪地层进行研究,综合分析了矿区地质特征、地球物理磁法特征及地球化学特征在对矿脉水平分布、矿脉垂直分布、蚀变矿物因素、构造因素、热接触因素和成矿因素的外在表现,从而建立起矿区寒武纪地层对矿化的指示体系表,并指出瑶岭钨矿北区深部和东南部有很大的找矿潜力,是值得继续找矿的有利目标地段.