湖南省主要内生成矿事件的构造格局控矿特征及动力机制

湖南省内生矿产资源丰富,内生成矿事件主要有加里东期(以志留纪为主)、印支晚期(晚三叠世)、燕山中晚期(晚侏罗世-早白垩世)等3期。以区域矿产资料为基础,结合大地构造、成岩成矿年龄、矿床成因机制等研究成果,对上述3期内生成矿事件的构造格局控矿特征和动力机制进行探讨。①受加里东运动自东南向西北扩展以及深部岩石圈结构差异控制,加里东期湖南省自东南往西北分为成矿特征有别的3个构造带。湘中-湘东南构造岩浆带(Ⅰ)发生后碰撞花岗质岩浆活动,于局部产生与岩浆活动相关的W、萤石等成矿作用;雪峰构造带(Ⅱ)东部的雪峰冲断带(Ⅱ1)形成了以构造活化成因为主的金矿和锑金矿;雪峰构造带(Ⅱ)西部的武陵低缓褶皱带(Ⅱ2)及湘西北构造抬升带(Ⅲ)内形成了与寒武纪同沉积断裂活动、加里东运动后的伸展活动以及相应的热液活动有关的汞铅锌矿。②印支晚期受深部岩石圈结构差异控制,湖南省自东南至西北分为3个构造带:湘中-湘东南构造岩浆带(Ⅰ)因后碰撞减压熔融而发生大规模花岗质岩浆活动,从而于其东南部形成钨锡铅锌多金属矿床,西北部形成锑金钨多金属矿床;雪峰构造带(Ⅱ)可能无内生热液成矿作用;湘西北褶皱带(Ⅲ)发育小型脉型铅锌矿。③燕山中晚期,湖南省自东南往西北分为3个构造带:湘中-湘东构造岩浆带(Ⅰ)受岩石圈拆沉、软流圈上隆、陆内碰撞后期增温减压、俯冲板块崩塌等深部构造作用控制而发生大规模花岗质岩浆活动,形成了大量的有色金属矿床和金矿床;雪峰西部构造带(Ⅱ)成矿作用弱,局部存在Au、Hg成矿作用;湘西北褶皱带(Ⅲ)发育少量低温热液充填型萤石矿和砷矿。     

A tectonic stress map of China and adjacent regions from earthquakes occurred during 2000～2004

Earthquake focal mechanism solutions provide the basic information about the present-day regional tectonics stress distribution, which controls the activities of crustal faults. Therefore, continued efforts for updating the da-tabase of earthquake focal mechanism solutions are quite valuable and important. The international lithosphere program initiated the ″world stress map project″ (Zoback, 1992) since 1980′s. During this project, worldwide studies and measurements of present-day regional…     

江西信江盆地丹霞地貌形成机制分析

信江盆地是我国丹霞地貌发育最典型的区域之一。由于影响丹霞地貌演化的成景系统诸要素具有不同特征,信江盆地内不同部位丹霞地貌经历了不同的演化进程,不同发育阶段的丹霞地貌在盆地内成带状分布。盆地边缘由于受红层岩性、断裂构造及信江支流等因素影响,地表剥蚀速率快,丹霞地貌演化已步入壮年晚期至老年早期阶段,以丹霞石林、峰林、峰丛、崖壁以及各种类型的造型石为特征;盆地中部虽然断裂构造发育程度较弱,但受信江流水侵蚀,丹霞地貌演化也步入青年期至壮年早期阶段,以低矮的圆丘状丹霞石峰及岩洞为特征;而中部过渡地带,由于构造、水系发育均较弱,地貌演化速率慢,丹霞地貌演化处于幼年期至青年早期阶段,以石寨、巷谷、岩崖等景观为特征。     

多媒体电子地图集中超媒体结构的语言学机制

通过对现有多媒体电子地图多种信息主体及其关系的分析,阐述了多媒体电子地图集中超媒体结构的语言学机制,并就该理论的实际应用给出了一个实例。     

Focal Mechanism Solutions of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake sequence from P-wave polarities and SH/P amplitude ratios: new results and implications

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, a major intraplate earthquake with M _w 7.9, occurred on the slowly deforming Longmenshan fault. To better understand the causes of this devastating earthquake, we need knowledge of the regional stress field and the underlying geodynamic processes. Here, we determine focal mechanism solutions (FMSs) of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake sequence (WES) using both P-wave first-motion polarity data and SH/P amplitude ratio (AR) data. As P-wave polarities are more reliable information, they are given priority over SH/P AR, the latter of which are used only when the former has loose constraint on the FMSs. We collect data from three categories: (1) permanent stations deployed by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA); (2) the Western Sichuan Passive Seismic Array (WSPSA) deployed by Institute of Geology, CEA; (3) global stations from Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology. Finally, 129 events with magnitude over M _s 4.0 in the 2008 WES are identified to have well-constrained FMSs. Among them, 83 are well constrained by P-wave polarities only as shown by Cai et al. (Earthq Sci 24(1):115–125, 2011), and the rest of which are newly constrained by incorporating SH/P AR. Based on the spatial distribution and FMSs of the WES, we draw following conclusions: (1) the principle compressional directions of most FMSs of the WES are subhorizontal, generally in agreement with the conclusion given by Cai et al. (2011) but with a few modifications that the compressional directions are WNW–ESE around Wenchuan and ENE–WSW around Qingchuan, respectively. The subhorizontal compressional direction along the Longmenshan fault from SW to NE seems to have a left-lateral rotation, which agrees well with regional stress field inverted by former researchers (e.g., Xu et al., Acta Seismol Sin 30(5), 1987; Acta Geophys Sin 32(6), 1989; Cui et al., Seismol Geol 27(2):234–242, 2005); (2) the FMSs of the events not only reflected the regional stress state of the Longmenshan region, but also were obviously controlled by the faults to some extent, which was pointed out by Cai et al. (2011) and Yi et al. (Chin J Geophys 55(4):1213–1227, 2012); (3) while the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and some of its strong aftershocks released most of the elastic energy accumulated on the Longmenshan fault, some other aftershocks seem to occur just for releasing the elastic energy promptly created by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and some of its strong aftershocks. (4) Our results further suggest that the Longmenshan fault from Wenchuan to Beichuan was nearly fully destroyed by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and accordingly propose that there is less probability for great earthquakes in the middle part of the Longmenshan fault in the near future, although there might be a barrier to the southwest of Wenchuan and it is needed to pay some attention on it in the near future.     

利用钾长石粉水热合成13X沸石分子筛的实验研究

对综合利用钾长石提钾工艺中的重要高附加值副产品13X沸石分子筛的合成进行了实验研究。对福建沙县的钾长石粉加入配料NaCO3进行焙烧实验，确定培烧的最佳工艺参数为：钾长石粉：NaCO3=1：1．30(摩尔比)，焙烧温度为845℃，焙烧时间为150min；优化的水热合成条件为M2O／SiO2(mo1)=1．50，H2O／M2O(mo1)=40．0，合成时间为8h，晶种加入量为9．0％。对合成样品化学成分分析、X射线物相分析、红外光谱分析、扫描电镜分析表明，合成13X沸石分子筛结晶完好，性能优良．水热反应经由溶解水合反应和聚合浓缩反应两大阶段。     

成矿流体运动系统与金质来源和富集机制讨论

以 山东地区大型、超大型金矿为例,从运动学和动力学角度,系统研究其成矿作用的起点（岩石－岩浆－流体间的物理化学作用）和终点（矿富集于断裂复合处或交汇部位）,以及成矿流体在运动中的渗透、振荡、气－液态交替、流速的突变及多层次循环流体的萃取、沟通等多方面的共同作用。结果表明,巨量金质来源和富集的关键取决于各层次流体循环笼统间的沟通,地幔富Ｃ－Ｈ－Ｏ流体循环系统、中－下部地壳富硅流体循环系统、浅－表部（     

山西省曲石湾地质灾害分布及其成因分析

地质灾害是由于自然地质作用和人为地质作用使地质环境恶化，并造成人类生命财产损失或人类赖以生存的资源、环境严重破坏的灾害事件。地质灾害是人类社会的重大灾害之一，它在我国种类多，分布广，对人民的生命财产及重要设施造成巨大损失，严重影响了当地的工农业生产和经济建设，影响居民的正常生活。本文通过野外调查和实际资料分析，详细论述了曲石湾地质灾害的现状，结合实际情况初步分析了地质灾害形成机理，该区的地质环境条件和气象影响着地质灾害的发生，其中大气降水和人类工程活动是诱发地质灾害的主要因素，最后为其治理提供可靠的防治措施。     

三峡库区水平层状岩质边坡稳定性分析

通过对三峡库区一大型巨厚水平层状岩质边坡的稳定性调查,认为受边坡软弱层面、节理以及岩性组合的影响,水平层状岩质边坡可能存在以下4种破坏方式：崩塌错落、顺层滑动、切层滑动和复式滑动。利用Sarma法结合最优化方法对顺层滑动和切层滑动2种方式进行了稳定性计算,其计算结果表明,三峡水库蓄水及大桥建成后,右岸边坡稳定性变差,有可能发生切穿泥质粉砂岩的切层滑动,必须采取处理措施;而库水位的变化是影响本区边坡稳定性最重要的因素。     

岩石材料微、细、宏观断裂机理尺度效应的分形研究

基于同一现场不同尺度的岩石材料,从大量三轴MTS试验岩石断口边痕、试样切割面或磨光面的节理痕迹和现场断裂迹线3个尺度层次,进行了岩石材料微、细、宏观断裂机理尺度效应的分形研究。提出圆与正方形相耦合的分形维数算法,探讨了其优越性并应用于岩石断裂的分形特征研究,得到岩石材料的微、细、宏观断裂机理存在无标度区域。在无标度区0.002 mm～4 000 mm内,岩石断裂构造的分布规律具有自相似性,是岩石材料的微、细、宏观断裂机理内在联系的外在反映,为跨越尺度界限研究岩石节理裂隙的破坏机理提供了可行途径。