景德镇陶瓷作坊的文化生态景观研究

根据自然—经济—文化相互联系及物质与能量转换的关系,通过实地考察景德镇生态资源,考证现存的大型陶瓷作坊,分析相关的历史文献和考古资料,运用手工绘图、测量数据,从文化地理学的角度论证了陶瓷作坊应严格遵循自然规律,因地制宜、因材施艺、资源循环利用;建筑材料、结构功能、生产工序、工艺布局具有科学性、合理性、严谨性。指出景德镇陶瓷工匠创造了采光、通风、温度、湿度宜人的生产环境,陶瓷作坊达到了结构、功能、效率、风格的完美统一,堪称世界人与自然和谐相处的经典之作,揭示作坊景观形成机理。     

镇赉县土地利用结构调整

基于遥感与GIS进行吉林省镇赉县土地利用现状调查与生态适宜性评价, 通过分析二者差异提出土地利用调整方向及对策, 进一步优化土地利用结构。研究结果显示, 镇赉县宜林地和宜牧地的利用现状主要是盐碱地, 其次为耕地, 很少用于林地与草地; 宜农地和宜农、林、牧地利用格局单一, 耕林草比例不合理; 土地利用结构调整方向为盐碱地治理、退耕还林还草与土地利用格局优化。结合自然环境特点分析, 调整后的土地利用模式有农林复合、林草复合及开发水田等3种, 农、林、牧用地比例接近3∶1∶1, 空间格局交替安排。     

鲁中南岱崮地貌的成因及演化——以抱犊崮为例解析

鲁中南抱犊崮地区,山体陡峭挺拔,风景秀丽,以有鲁南小泰山之称的抱犊崮为代表,山体顶部主要由古生代寒武纪九龙群张夏组灰岩组成,其下分布由长清群馒头组砂岩、砂质页岩、泥质灰岩、薄层灰岩及朱砂洞组灰岩、泥质灰岩等。“崮”的成因主要是古生代寒武纪灰岩经受了强烈的地壳切割和抬升运动,并遭受长期的侵蚀、溶蚀、重力崩塌和风化剥蚀等多重地质作用而形成抱犊崮所具有的岱崮地貌,作为地质遗迹和地质地貌景观,具有重要的地学研究价值,也是潜力巨大的旅游资源。     

中国北方东部沙质荒漠化的地学观

中国北方东部的土地荒漠化主要受新构造运动以来的构造-沉积特征、青藏高原隆升所引起的全球气候变化、尤其是亚洲季风等地质背景控制。北方东部沙质荒漠化区域地质分类,按其成因可分为就地起沙型、风沙型和土地粗粒化型等3种类型。其中,就地起沙型沙质荒漠化主要分布在东部毛乌素、科尔沁、浑善达克、呼伦贝尔等沙地内,流经这些沙地的古河道,广泛发育河湖相砂质沉积物以及以砂质沉积物为母质的土壤分布区。风沙型沙质荒漠化主要分布在上述沙地的边缘地带,如毛乌素沙地以南的覆沙黄土区等。土地粗化主要分布在内蒙古锡林郭勒草原-河北坝上草原,其土壤类型多为含砾沙土,其土壤母质为基岩风化壳、残坡积或冲洪积物。荒漠化发展趋势上,尽管就地起沙型沙质荒漠化在毛乌素、科尔沁和浑善达克沙地的局部地区均有所逆转,但总体上,在北方广大地区,主要以地表土壤粗化为主的荒漠化和风沙型荒漠化等均有不同程度的扩大。上述不同类型的沙质荒漠化,总体上受地质背景控制。其中,第四纪以来的构造-沉积特征控制着不同类型荒漠化的区域分布,气候变化控制着荒漠化的进程,人类活动则是在上述背景的基础上进行。     

西南石漠化区林下土壤养分特征及差异性

文章采用文献检索法收集20世纪90年代以来石漠化区植被修复和土壤研究相关论文,以全国二次土壤普查养分分级标准为基础,探讨林下土壤养分改良情况及土壤化学计量特征。结果表明：（1）中国西南石漠化区林下土壤总有机碳、全氮均值均高于全国二次土壤普查养分一等级,全磷处于二级范围,土壤养分改善效果明显,而全钾含量属于五级低钾区;（2）广西壮族自治区总有机碳和全氮均值为五省（区、市）第一,全磷和全钾位于二等级和四等级,土壤养分含量增加最明显;贵州省总有机碳、全氮高于一等级34%和37%,全磷值在二等级范围,全钾值位于第五等级,贵州省石漠化林下土壤养分改良明显;云南省总有机碳、全磷指标分别高于一等级9%、21%,全氮属于二等级,全钾属于五等级,土壤养分指标有不同程度提高;重庆市总有机碳高于一等级1.75%,全氮和全磷属于二等级,全钾为五省中最高且属于四级,土壤养分指标改良较其他三省慢;湖南省总有机碳指标为二等级,全氮、全磷、全钾值分别属于二等级、五等级、五等级,湖南省需加强石漠化治理的力度;（3）西南石漠化区土壤总有机碳和全氮指标呈正相关,植被生长亦受钾元素限制。其中,广西壮族自治区总有机碳、全氮和全磷存储快,土壤改良效益极其显著;贵州省土壤固碳能力高于全国平均值;云南省石漠化地区土壤钾元素偏低,影响植被生长;重庆市土壤中全钾含量高与总有机碳、全氮、全磷关系不大,氮元素成为限制植物生长的元素;湖南省植被生长需补充磷、钾元素。西南石漠化区植被生长应充分补充钾元素,除此之外,湖南、重庆需加强磷、氮元素的补充;云南、湖南、重庆应借鉴广西壮族自治区生态修复经验,加强石漠化生态治理并发挥效益。     

HISTORICAL DESERTIFICATION PROCESS IN HEXI CORRIDOR, CHINA

1IN TR O D U CTIO NH istoricdaelsertificatiisonnotonlythekeyissueon theinteractiobnetweennatureandhuman proces,sbutalsothemost challenginigssueinthecomplex reltaionshipbetweenhuman andland.Previousl,ymostChinesesci-entistisnthisfieldcarrieoduttheiresearch…     

Riparian vegetation dynamics across two different landscapes along the river Cauvery in the Kodagu region of Western Ghats

Decades of commercial planting and other anthropogenic processes are posing a threat to the riparian landscapes of the Cauvery river basin, which supports a high floral diversity. Despite this, the habitats in the upstream sections of the River Cauvery are still intact, as they are located in sacred groves. To understand the dynamism of riparian forests exposed to anthropogenic pressures, the upstream stretch of Cauvery extending from Kushalanagara to Talacauvery (~102 km) was categorized into two landscapes: agro ecosystem and sacred (i.e. preserved). The tree species were sampled using belt transects at 5 km intervals and the regeneration status of endemic species assessed using quadrats. A total of 128 species belonging to 47 families, and representing 1,590 individuals, was observed. Amongst them, 65% of unique species were exclusive to sacred landscapes. A rarefaction plot confirmed higher species richness for the sacred compared to the agro ecosystem landscapes, and diversity indices with more evenness in distribution were evident in sacred landscapes. A significant loss of endemic tree species in the agro ecosystem landscapes was found. Overall, this study demonstrates that an intense biotic pressure in terms of plantations and other anthropogenic activities have altered the species composition of the riparian zone in non-sacred areas. A permanent policy implication is required for the conservation of riparian buffers to avoid further ecosystem degradation and loss of biodiversity.     

Rehabilitation and Sustainable Use Pattern of Rocky-desertified Land in Southwest China＇s Poverty-stricken Karst Mountainous Areas ——A Case Study in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan, China

The rocky desert in a karst area directly causes the lack of soil, water and forest, hence leading to the poverty there. In 1990, the villagers from the Muzhe Village in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan declared a war against rocky desert in an attempt to ask the fields for more yields. They invented a distinctive land rehabilitation and sustainable use pattern called ＂transforming heaven and earth＂ that had been practiced in Southwest China＇s karst areas. The key mechanism of the pattern was to develop terraced fields with well conserved soil, water and fertility by exploding rocks in the fields, building stone walls, gathering more soil, and improving soil quality and productivity for the fields in combination with building of irrigation facilities and roads, as well as with forestation and agriculture structure adjustment. The purpose of the pattern was to alleviate poverty in the karst areas by improving soil productivity and promoting agricultural development. A typical area was studied with the help of Participatory Rural Appraisal （PRA） and the pattern was carried out there for fifteen years, have produced excellent ecological benefits and good economic benefits. Its application in the area approved that it was a sustainable land use pattern for rocky desert areas.     

Landscape Effects of Land Consolidation Projects in Central China——A Case Study of Tianmen City,Hubei Province

The goal of land consolidation in China is still to develop agricultural production. The study of landscape effects of land consolidation projects （LCPs） faces many difficulties because of the lack of government＇s interest and data. This paper, taking Tianmen City of Hubei Province in Central China as an example, presents a methodology for analyzing landscape effects of LCPs by GIS and Fragstats3.3. It describes landscape effects with indexes of Patch Density （PD）, Largest Patch Index （LPI）, Landscape Shape Index （LSI）, Interspersion and Juxtaposition Index （IJI）, Aggregation Index （AI）, and Shannon＇s Diversity Index （SHDI）, showing more regular shape, simpler structure and less habitat diversity after LCPs. It computes ten landscape indexes of four categories of patches including Cultivated Land, Road, Water Channel, and River and Pond. The indexes show that 1） cultivated land becomes more fragmental in patch area, less irregular in patch shape and more concentrated in block; 2） the transport capacity of roads and irrigation and drainage capacity of water channels have been improved; 3） the landscape change of river and pond can be summarized as decreasing scale, more regular shape, reducing connectivity and diversity of the class. LCPs can facilitate agricultural production as well as protect cultivated land and food security. However, it is doubted that the increase of cultivated land from LCPs results from the reducing in landscape diversity of water area.     

黄河三角洲湿地景观格局动态变化分析

在RS和GIS技术的支持下,以黄河三角洲1986,1996,2006年的三期TM影像为数据源,利用遥感图像处理软件对近代黄河三角洲湿地信息进行了提取.借助于地理信息系统软件和景观生态学软件,我们对20年来黄河三角洲湿地景观格局的动态变化,以及影响其格局动态变化的驱动力进行了分析.结果表明:(1)近20年来,人工湿地面积有了大幅度的增加,而天然湿地的比重在降低.其中,滩涂和柽柳灌草丛景观明显萎缩.(2)一些重要的景观格局指数的计算结果表明,20世纪90年代以来,黄河三角洲湿地景观斑块个数、香农多样性指数、香农均匀度指数一直在增加.黄河三角洲湿地景观的破碎化程度在加剧,斑块类型更加多样化,湿地景观中没有明显的优势类型且各斑块类型在景观中均匀分布.(3)湿地与湿地、湿地与非湿地之间发生着类型转化.其中,18.1%的芦苇草甸转化为农田;26.6%的翅碱蓬草甸转化为盐田;11.9%的芦苇沼泽转化为芦苇草甸.(4)在黄河三角洲湿地演化的过程中,受到自然和人为方面演化驱动力的共同作用.其中,自然因素主要有:黄河断流、泥沙淤积和自身演替动力等.人为驱动力主要为农田开垦、滩涂的开发与围垦、油田开发和人工建筑等.