Settlement analysis of the Shuibuya concrete-face rockfill dam

Settlement is one of the most important deformation characteristics of a high concrete-face rockfill dam (CFRD) and is regarded as a key indicator of dam safety. The time-dependent settlement behavior of the Shuibuya CFRD is studied on the basis of in situ settlement-monitoring records and displacement back-analysis. The goal of this work is to characterize actual deformation of the dam and to verify the back-analysis method used in this paper. The settlement-monitoring records were from seven control stations at the crest and 38 monitoring points inside the body of the dam and covered the construction period, the initial filling of the reservoir and 2 years of operation. A displacement back-analysis for parameters is performed by hybrid generic algorithms (HGAs) and finite element method (FEM). Comparative studies of monitoring data and back-analysis show good agreement between measured settlements and computed settlements. Furthermore, the deformation in the next 3 years is predicted on the basis of back-analysis. Overall, it is demonstrated that the deformation of the Shuibuya CFRD is basically stable and that the technique used to control the dam deformation is successful.     

爆破直采技术在面板堆石坝工程中的应用

面板堆石坝的坝料开挖直接制约工程进度,按传统工艺开挖费时费工,严重影响施工进度,本工程在利用坝体级配料开挖中采用爆破直采技术,加快了坝料开采速度,效果显著。经过爆破试验,优选爆破参数,为获取粒径与级配符合设计要求及成本低廉的坝料创造了有利条件。详细介绍了试验过程,并对试验结果进行了分析。     

水工隧道拱顶回填灌浆技术应用

为解决复杂地质条件下隧道拱顶块石回填后与围岩的间隙，并将干砌块石转化为压浆混凝土，改善衬砌结构物传力条件，用YTP—26型风动凿岩机等简易设备进行回填灌浆，达到了设计要求。     

The effect of normal stress-friction angle relationship on the stability analysis of a rockfill dam

Summary Accurate stability analysis must consider the variation of the angle of friction of rockfill with the confining pressure. In reality, with increasing depth of a rockfill dam, the apparent friction angle decreases, whereas near the surface it tends to be higher. Conventional methods which employ a constant friction angle throughout the depth of a rockfill shell often yield a lower factor of safety (conservative) for shallow slip planes. On the contrary, they produce a higher factor of safety for deepseated slips subjected to increased normal (confining) stresses. This paper compares the constant friction angle approach with the variable friction angle method based on the stability analysis of a large rockfill dam, and the associated practical implications are discussed. In the latter analysis, the effect of normal stress on the friction angle of rockfill is incorporated through experimental observations.     

Numerical modeling of soil–structure interface of a concrete-faced rockfill dam

Concrete-faced rockfill dams (CFRD) are widely used in large-scale hydraulic projects. The face slab, the key seepage-proof structure of great concern, has a strong interaction with the neighboring gravel cushion layer due to a significant difference in their stiffness. An elasto-plasticity damage interface element, a numerical format of the EPDI model, is described for numerical analysis of a CFRD that can trace the separation and re-contact between the face slab and the cushion layer at the interface. As verified by simulating slide block and direct shear interface tests, this element was confirmed to capture effectively the primary monotonic and cyclic behaviors of the interface. This element can easily be extended to the finite element method (FEM) programs that involve the Goodman interface element. The analysis of a typical CFRD showed that the interface model describes a significant effect on the stress response of the face slab under different conditions, including dam construction, water storage, and earthquake. Treatments of the cushion layer, such as an asphalt layer, changed the behavior of the interface between it and the face slab, which resulted in a significant effect on the stress response of the face slab. The top of the face slab exhibited a significant separation from the cushion layer during construction, induced mainly by construction of the neighboring dam body.     

混凝土面板堆石坝三维仿真分析

根据混凝土面板堆石坝的特点,提出了一种计算机数值和图形模拟方法,可以对混凝土面板堆石坝的整个施工过程和运行期进行三维非线性仿真计算分析和计算机图形模拟。     

掺复合浆液堆石料压缩特性试验研究

针对高堆石坝坝体变形大且持续时间长的问题,提出了一种提高堆石体压缩模量、减缓流变变形的方法,即利用易流动、后期硬化的高掺粉煤灰水泥砂浆（简称复合浆液）在堆石体摊铺过程中充填堆石体孔隙,在施工碾压的基础上进一步减小堆石体孔隙率。首先,通过观测复合浆液在透明玻璃球中的流动性态,研究不同配比与掺量对复合浆液流动特性的影响;然后,通过侧限压缩和流变试验,研究掺复合浆液堆石料的压缩模量、流变变形的变化规律。试验结果表明：复合浆液在颗粒体孔隙中的流动性能与粉煤灰掺比、水胶比、砂粒最大粒径以及掺量有关;复合浆液的掺入能有效提高堆石料压缩模量,减少流变变形,且对于软岩料、级配不良料效果更为明显;复合浆液在堆石料中主要起到了充填、胶结与润滑作用。     

堆石料湿化变形特性试验研究

湿化变形是土石坝的主要后期变形之一,对坝体的应力变形性状具有显著影响。采用糯扎渡高心墙堆石坝的弱风化花岗岩堆石料进行了常规三轴试验、不同围压和应力水平条件下的流变-湿化组合试验和快速湿化三轴试验等,分析了流变-湿化组合试验各阶段的变形特征,重点研究了堆石料湿化变形的过程、特性及发生机制。结果表明,可将堆石料湿化变形划分为湿化瞬时变形和湿态流变变形两个部分。其中,湿化瞬时变形是堆石料随浸水饱和过程发生的变形,其应变增量的方向平行于相应应力状态下应力加载应变增量的方向,且具有非硬化特性;湿态流变变形是堆石料试样在饱和浸水完成后发生的随时间的变形,和一般堆石料的流变变形具有相类似的特性。湿化变形是堆石料浸水后所导致的物态弱化变形。可将堆石料湿化看作一种广义的荷载。     

库水位骤降后面板缺陷坝体渗漏量和坝坡稳定性分析

为研究库水位变动情况下面板不同缺陷的面板堆石坝渗透稳定特性,利用著名岩土分析软件Geo-studio的Seep/w与Slope/w模块,以浙江省临海市西部括苍镇境内某面板堆石坝为例,对不同土工膜缺陷及库水位变动工况的组合进行了渗流特性及稳定性的数值模拟分析,得到了浸润线,渗漏量及稳定性系数的变化曲线,计算结果表明:(1)面板一旦发生缺陷,静库水位下坝体的浸润线有一个明显的抬升,缺陷尺寸越大,浸润线高程越高,但是差异不大。库水位高程越高,静库水位下坝体内部的浸润线高程也就越高;(2)库水位水平越高,缺陷尺寸越大,坝体渗漏量也就越大;(3)库水位骤降下面板坝内部浸润线呈现先疏后密的规律,库水位下降速率越大,上游坝体浸润线疏的部分则越疏。在库水位骤降经过面板坝缺陷高程时,有一个浸润线突降的过程;(4)从整体上看,上游坝坡的稳定性系数要大于下游坝坡的稳定性系数;静库水位下,库水位水平越高,上游坝坡稳定性系数越大,而下游坝坡稳定性系数则越小,缺陷位置越高,稳定性系数越低;库水位骤降情况下上游坝坡稳定性系数随库水位下降呈现先下降后上升的趋势,下游坝坡则呈现一直上升的规律,一旦面板发生缺陷,稳定性系数较完整面板来说有一个较大幅度的下降,面板缺陷尺寸越大,稳定性系数整体上越小。     

公伯峡面板堆石坝流变变形的反演分析

采用沈珠江等提出的流变模型,根据公伯峡面板堆石坝坝体填筑竣工到蓄水前的沉降监测资料,进行反演分析得到相应的流变参数,并用该参数对大坝应力变形进行了计算分析。沉降点监测值和计算值变动规律比较一致,说明了流变模型的有效性;由于坝体堆石料的流变,面板的受力变形在运行期内呈现一定规律性的变化,并逐渐趋于稳定