利用X射线衍射和岩矿鉴定等技术研究河南汤家坪钼矿区主要矿物标型特征

汤家坪钼矿床是2006年探明的一处大型斑岩型钼矿床,前人用常规地质方法对该矿区基础地质工作和成矿规律研究已比较系统和完整,认为汤家坪钼矿床属于深源浅成斑岩型钼矿床,汤家坪花岗斑岩体为矿区钼矿的成矿母岩;但是没有从矿物学角度来应证这些成矿规律。本文从矿物学角度,采用分离单矿物进行化学分析、X射线衍射(XRD)及岩矿鉴定等技术,对汤家坪钼矿区的辉钼矿、黄铁矿、石英、长石4种矿物标型特征(化学组成、微量元素、晶体结构、晶胞参数、结构状态等)进行研究。结果表明:1该矿区辉钼矿全部是2H型多型变体,且成分中Re含量很低;辉钼矿的δ34S值为3.0‰,硫同位素变化范围小,接近于陨石硫,具深源硫的特点,硫来源于花岗斑岩。2黄铁矿微量元素以富含Mo、Co、Cu,贫Ni、Pb、Zn为标型特征,另外Au、Ag含量低,S/Se大于250000,与前人"S/Se大于250000~500000的地区不可能找到金矿"的结论相符。3石英富含Mo;成矿期石英脉中δ18O降低,表明成矿晚期有少量大气降水参与热液蚀变成矿。4长石富含Mo;轻稀土(La~Nd)含量大于中稀土(Sm~Ho)和重稀土(Er~Y)含量;钾长石的有序度、三斜度以及结构参数的值均较高,结构温度较低,表明该矿区钾长石为低温状态下的三斜对称的微斜长石,是热液作用的产物,岩体钾长石化对钼矿化最为有利。本研究应证了汤家坪钼矿床属于深源浅成斑岩型钼矿床,对于总结斑岩型钼矿成矿规律、找矿标志有重要意义。     

四川昌台农都柯金银矿矿床地质特征及成矿远景

农都柯火山岩浅成低温热液型金银矿床系在三江地区义敦岛弧带被首次发现,经初步评价达到中型规模。矿床赋存于流纹质火山碎屑岩中,受北北西向剪切带控制,矿体呈透镜状或似层状,基本顺层产出。围岩蚀变强烈,以硅化为主,次为绢云母化和重晶石化。矿石由黄铁矿、闪锌矿、自然金、辉锑铅矿、砷黝铜矿、辉锑矿、辉锑银铅矿、雄黄、雌黄等组成,为典型的低温热液矿物组合。主矿化温度发生在200℃以下,矿化元素除Ag、Au外,As、Sb、Hg也达到或接近工业品位。通过地球物理、地球化学方法的测量,成矿远景较好。     

内蒙古东乌旗巴彦都兰铜矿床地质和地球化学特征及其意义

内蒙古巴彦都兰铜矿床位于二连—东乌旗成矿带,该矿区出露下泥盆统泥鳅河组粉砂岩和海西中期黑云母花岗岩体,铜矿体呈脉状产出于泥鳅河组粉砂岩中,严格受断裂控制。主要金属矿物为黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿等,脉石矿物主要为石英和碳酸盐岩等。矿区黑云母花岗岩La-ICP-MS锆石~(206)Pb/~(238) U加权平均年龄为303.5 Ma±1.1 Ma,铜矿床属于晚古生代构造-岩浆作用的产物。岩石地球化学特征反映黑云母花岗岩属准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK值介于0.99~1.04之间,高碱(w(K_2O+Na_2O)=7.36%~8.73%),富钾(w(K_2O)/w(Na_2O)=1.08~1.66),其形成具有岛弧或后碰撞环境I型花岗岩特征;微量元素特征显示岩体可能形成于后碰撞伸展阶段早期的构造环境中。黄铜矿硫同位素组成介于0.1×10~(-3)~2.1×10~(-3)之间,反映成矿所需的硫可能来自于岩浆,巴彦都兰铜矿区花岗岩很可能是成矿硫的提供者。     

黔中降起的油气勘探壁垒——兼论海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩

黔中隆起在地质构造上属于扬子地块的滇黔隆褶带．南华纪晚期初现雏形，震旦纪—奥陶纪为水下隆起，燕山运动使其整体抬高，喜马拉雅运动时急剧隆升，构造地貌长期相对隆起。地表油苗油样分析结果显示，在红外吸收谱图中缩合芳烃结构及含氧基团吸收明显，有机质热成熟度高，且遭受了氧化蚀变：震旦系以上地层大量暴露，地表水溶蚀下渗深度在黔西南地区可达3000-4000m；作为长期存在的古隆起，经历了多次抬升，直至挽近仍处于严重剥蚀阶段。地腹可能存在酸性岩浆热源使有机质过度热演化、保存条件不佳以及缺少勘探目的层，是黔中隆起油气勘探的三大壁垒。兼谈了碳酸盐岩烃源岩问题．认为形成大油气田的烃源岩主要是泥质岩系，“碳酸盐岩烃源岩”只是从属性的．分布在泥质烃源岩系的边缘或局部范围。     

水泥粘结剂基材边坡绿化技术研究——现场试验研究

通过现场工程试验研究,进一步论证了水泥粘结基材替代化学粘结基材的岩质边坡绿化技术的可行性;同时提出了岩质边坡工程绿化应按"循序渐进"来进行植被恢复的理念.     

琼东南盆地乐东凹陷烃源岩热史及成熟史模拟

琼东南盆地乐东凹陷烃源岩热史及成熟史研究对乐东凹陷油气资源评价及勘探选区具有指导意义.在盆地地史和热史恢复的基础上,利用EASY％Ro模型模拟重建了琼东南盆地乐东凹陷崖城组烃源岩的成熟史.研究结果表明,琼东南盆地具有较高的古、今地温梯度,且古地温梯度多高于现今地温梯度,有利于烃源岩的成熟与天然气的生成.始新世—早渐新世...     

An automated strategy for calculation of phase diagram sections and retrieval of rock properties as a function of physical conditions

We formulate an algorithm for the calculation of stable phase relations of a system with constrained bulk composition as a function of its environmental variables. The basis of this algorithm is the approximate representation of the free energy composition surfaces of solution phases by inscribed polyhedra. This representation leads to discretization of high variance phase fields into a continuous mesh of smaller polygonal fields within which the composition and physical properties of the phases are uniquely determined. The resulting phase diagram sections are useful for understanding the phase relations of complex metamorphic systems and for applications in which it is necessary to establish the variations in rock properties such as density, seismic velocities and volatile‐content through a metamorphic cycle. The algorithm has been implemented within a computer program that is general with respect to both the choice of variables and the number of components and phases possible in a system, and is independent of the structure of the equations of state used to describe the phases of the system.     

Large‐scale poroelastic fractured reservoirs modeling using the fast multipole displacement discontinuity method

An effective approach to modeling the geomechanical behavior of the network and its permeability variation is to use a poroelastic displacement discontinuity method (DDM). However, the approach becomes rather computationally intensive for an extensive system of cracks, particularly when considering coupled diffusion/deformation processes. This is because of additional unknowns and the need for time‐marching schemes for the numerical integration. The Fast Multipole Method (FMM) is a technique that can accelerate the solution of large fracture problems with linear complexity with the number of unknowns both in memory and CPU time. Previous works combining DDM and FMM for large‐scale problems have accounted only for elastic rocks, neglecting the fluid leak‐off from the fractures into the matrix and its influence on pore pressure and stress field. In this work we develop an efficient geomechanical model for large‐scale natural fracture networks in poroelastic reservoirs with fracture flow in response to injection and production operations. Accuracy and computational performance of the proposed method with those of conventional poroelastic DDM are compared through several case studies involving up to several tens of thousands of boundary elements. The results show the effectiveness of the FMM approach to successfully evaluate field‐scale problems for the design of exploitation strategies in unconventional geothermal and petroleum reservoirs. An example considering faults reveals the impact of reservoir compartmentalization because of sealing faults for both geomechanical and flow variables under elastic and poroelastic rocks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Implicit integration under mixed controls of a breakage model for unsaturated crushable soils

This paper discusses a series of stress point algorithms for a breakage model for unsaturated granular soils. Such model is characterized by highly nonlinear coupling terms introduced by breakage‐dependent hydro‐mechanical energy potentials. To integrate accurately and efficiently its constitutive equations, specific algorithms have been formulated using a backward Euler scheme. In particular, because implementation and verification of unsaturated soil models often require the use of mixed controls, the incorporation of various hydro‐mechanical conditions has been tackled. First, it is shown that the degree of saturation can be replaced with suction in the constitutive equations through a partial Legendre transformation of the energy potentials, thus changing the thermomechanical state variables and enabling a straightforward implementation of a different control mode. Then, to accommodate more complex control scenarios without redefining the energy potentials, a hybrid strategy has been used, combining the return mapping scheme with linearized constraints. It is shown that this linearization strategy guarantees similar levels of accuracy compared with a conventional strain–suction‐controlled implicit integration. In addition, it is shown that the use of linearized constraints offers the possibility to use the same framework to integrate a variety of control conditions (e.g., net stress and/or water‐content control). The convergence profiles indicate that both schemes preserve the advantages of implicit integration, that is, asymptotic quadratic convergence and unconditional stability. Finally, the performance of the two implicit schemes has been compared with that of an explicit algorithm with automatic sub‐stepping and error control, showing that for the selected breakage model, implicit integration leads to a significant reduction of the computational cost. Such features support the use of the proposed hybrid scheme also in other modeling contexts, especially when strongly nonlinear models have to be implemented and/or validated by using non‐standard hydro‐mechanical control conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新疆西准噶尔苏云河钼矿含矿岩体重力异常特征及其地质意义北大核心CSCD

近年来,新疆西准噶尔巴尔鲁克地区发现的苏云河钼矿、加曼铁列克得铜矿、石屋铜金矿等斑岩型矿床,为研究巴尔喀什斑岩型成矿带是否延伸至我国新疆西准噶尔一带提供了新的研究方向。其中苏云河钼矿是该区最大的斑岩型矿床,赋矿岩体为二长花岗斑岩,目前对于该含矿斑岩体的空间形态及规模认识不足。本文以西准噶尔巴尔鲁克山一带区域重力为研究对象,针对苏云河钼矿含矿岩体开展重力三维反演,从构造环境、含矿岩体、成矿年龄等方面对比分析苏云河钼矿与哈萨克斯坦阿克斗卡铜矿的相似性。结果表明,苏云河含矿斑岩体深部最长约9.4 km,最宽约3 km,垂向延伸超过2.2 km,直观展示了苏云河含矿岩体的规模及空间形态,巨型岩体的存在表明深部仍有广阔的找矿空间。此外,巴尔鲁克山一带的重力场反映了西准噶尔洋残余盆地的特征,证实该区在晚石炭世处于俯冲拉伸相关的岛弧环境,为哈萨克斯坦巴尔喀什成矿带向东延伸到我国新疆西准噶尔一带提供了地球物理证据。