土壤中总有机碳环境标准样品研制

土壤环境标准样品是土壤生态环境监测质量控制的重要技术工具.目前,土壤中总有机碳环境标准样品仍为中国环境标准样品体系的空缺,特别是配套燃烧氧化-非分散红外法的土壤标准样品一直未曾问世.本文以有机碳含量较高的农用地土壤为原材料,经干燥、研磨、混匀、装瓶、灭菌等加工步骤,制备获得土壤中总有机碳环境标准样品.分层随机抽取10瓶...     

太平洋多金属结核及沉积物标准物质研制

太平洋多金属结核及深海沉积物标准物质,ＧＳＰＮ－２,３和ＧＳＭＳ－２,３,４个样品已研制完成。ＧＳＰＮ－２,３和ＧＳＭＳ－２采自太平洋ＣＣ区,ＧＳＭＳ－３采自中太平洋海盆（ＣＰ区）。原样被加工成－２００目（７４μｍ）的均匀粉未,其均匀性采用高精度的Ｘ射线荧光光谱法检测。样品的特性值采用国内外多实验室协同分析的方式定值,有包括台湾大学在内的１４个国内实验室和１８个国外实验室参加了合作分析。测试组分分别达７９和８１个,定值组分６３个。全组分的百分总和分别为：９９．７％,９９．５％,９９．８％和９９．７％。这４个标准物质已于１９９７年被国家技术监督局批准为国家一级标准物质,序号分别为ＧＢＷ０７２９５,ＧＢＷ０７２９６,ＧＢＷ０７３１５和ＧＢＷ０７３１。     

地质雷达探测工程的几个问题

地质雷达(GPR)探测技术在浅层地质勘探领域广泛应用,并取得较好的应用效果.文章针对消除干扰的方法、关于防空洞探测、关于公路路面检测和隧道衬砌质量检测、地下岩溶探测等内容进行了探讨.     

添加剂对土体的加固作用及冻胀防治研究

将研制的高分子有机材料作为添加剂，加入到土体中，经过拌和夯实、干燥固结，能够起到稳定和提高土体的强度，并具有低渗透和低吸水等特性．冻胀试验表明：加入添加剂不仅能阻止土体冻胀的产生、外来水源的入侵及水分的迁移，还能隔断土体孔隙之间的联系，使水分在土体孔隙中不能运移，从而达到了防治冻胀的目的。     

高压旋喷法在镇江市南徐路软基处理中的应用

介绍了高压旋喷法在镇江市南徐路软土路基处理中的应用，提出了旋喷桩的施工工艺、质量控制要点，对应用效果作了简要评述。     

某地平板玻璃原料用石英砂的提纯研究

某地石英矿砂通过磁选分离法、稀酸浸泡法处理后，矿砂不同程度地降低了铁、铝、钙镁的含量；采用磁选分离 稀酸浸泡法联合处理后，使该地石英砂的化学成分达到了优质的生产平板玻璃用硅质原料的国家标准。     

The New Meteorite Fall of Yanzhuang—A Severely Shocked H6 Chondrite with Black Molten Materials

At 21:45 hr (Beijing time) on Oct. 31, 1990 the Yanzhuang meteorite hit the ground at the Yanzhuang village, Wenyuan County, Guangdong Province. Several fragments, totalling 3.5 kg, were recovered during the field survey. This meteorite is a rare one of its kind due to its heavily shocked features and thick veins made up of black molten materials. Olivine and low-calcium pyroxene are compositionally homogeneous with Fa=18.59, Fs=16.35 and Wo=1.29. The chemical composition (total Fe=28.0%) and recrystallized texture of the chondritic mass show that the Yanzhuang is an H6 chondrite. The black molten materials occur in the form of blocks (up to 2×3×4 cm in size) and veins (0.1–15 mm in width), and contain a lot of rounded and elliptic FeNi-FeS blobs (up to 6–10 mm in length). The metal in these blobs exhibits distinct dendritic structure characteristic of rapid cooling. Unmolten and molten samples are very similar in chemical composition, fitting well with the average H-chondrites. Partial melting and FeNi/FeS-silicate separation have not been observed in the molten materials of the Yanzhuang. This project was financially supported by the Science Foundation of Guangdong Province.     

中国海及大陆架沉积物标准物质系列评介

自20世纪90年代末以来,在有关国家专项的支持下,中国先后研制了分别取自黄海、东海和南海的共9个大陆架沉积物地球化学标准物质,基本构成了一个比较有代表性的中国海及大陆架沉积物标准物质系列,为中国海洋国土及专属经济区调查研究工作提供了有力技术支撑.本文简介了这些标准的研制背景、概况,着重评介了这些标准物质的特点,特别说明了该标准物质系列在海洋地质调查与研究中应用及在地质分析技术发展上的意义.     

滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿床成因探讨

矿化剂和沉淀富集剂是成矿物质中的重要组成部分，也是人们分析成矿作用和建立成矿模式的基础。在分析滇黔桂地区金矿地质特征和成矿流体的基础上，提出该类矿床的矿质主要来源于被动陆缘沉积建造，促使金活化、迁移的矿化剂主要是盆地热卤素流体和有机质流体，促使金局部沉淀富集的沉淀富集剂则主要是沉积建造内和深源富硫的流体和热液改造的有机质。认为矿质、矿化剂和沉淀富集剂在有利容矿空间的耦合是形成滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿的主要成矿机制，并在此基础上讨论了卡林型金矿的成因和成矿模式。     

Calcium,Na, K and Mg Concentrations in Seawater by Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Atomic Emission Spectrometry: Applications to IAPSO Seawater Reference Material,Hydrothermal Fluids and Synthetic Seawater Solutions

We report a measurement procedure to determine simultaneously the major cation concentrations (Na, Ca, K and Mg) of seawater‐derived solutions by inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry. The best results were obtained when the IAPSO (‘standard’) seawater reference material was diluted by thirty times with Milli‐Q^® water. We obtained an average reference value r_K (the ratio of the mass fraction of potassium to that of chlorine, i.e., (g kg^?1)/(g kg^?1)) for IAPSO seawater of 0.0205 ± 0.0006 (2.9% RSD), not significantly different from 0.0206 ± 0.0005 (2.4% RSD) for seawater composition reported in the literature. The measured Na, Ca and Mg concentrations correspond to r_Na, r_Ca and r_Mg values of 0.5406 ± 0.0026 (0.5% RSD), 0.02192 ± 0.00048 (2.2% RSD) and 0.06830 ± 0.00047 (0.7% RSD), respectively, in line with previous values measured by wet‐chemistry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry or wet‐chemical titration. Our measurement procedure was used successfully on synthetic seawater solutions and high‐temperature hydrothermal fluids.