大兴安岭北部霍拉河盆地地质构造在冻土形成中的作用

霍拉河盆地周围山地与盆地的发育过程、构造活动方式,以及经受外营力作用不同,致使它们地质结构、沉积岩相、岩性、裂隙发育程度及地下水赋存规律等呈现明显差异。由此形成自盆地中心向四周山地冻土厚度明显变薄、温度升高,到周围山地某些地段出现融区。     

叠前时移时差分析

目前叠后时移时差属性的研究与应用已经取得一定的成功。但有关叠前时移时差属性的研究工作还很少。本文通过模型计算对叠前时移时差属性的变化规律和特点进行了研究．结果表明，油藏注水开采前后两次测量的地震波在双层介质中的传播射线路径是不同的。在上覆地层中，地震波旅行时差总大于零。且随着炮检距增加不断增大。在储层中，随炮检距增大，地震波旅行时差由最初的正值变为零再变为负值。总时差大于零，且随炮检增加而增大。在大炮检距范围内，总时差与储层时差存良好的线性关系，且曲线斜率基本上不随储层速度和厚度的改变而变化。利用大炮检距时移时差属性有可能确定储层动态变化，但如何来实现这一过程还有待经进一步研究。     

A 2D MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE BED DEFORMATION IN THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER

1 BANK EROSION IN THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER In alluvial rivers, riverbeds are always in a state of transition and development. Two kinds of deformations result for the fluvial process according to certain basic characteristics. One is longitudinal deformation that is characterized by the deformation of a riverbed in the direction of streamwise flow such as riverbed scour or deposition. The other is transverse or lateral deformation that is distinguished by the deformation of a riverb…     

基底仰冲—俯冲碰撞对盖层构造的影响物理模拟实验

根据相似性原理，选择橡皮泥和松散的细沙为实验材料分别模拟盆地的基底和盖层，在挤压应力条件下，模拟基底的仰冲—俯冲碰撞对盖层构造的影响。实验表明：①盆地基底在碰撞接触初期因接触面积较小而拼接不稳固，可以导致仰冲—俯冲碰撞，盆地基底碰撞部位的产状可能是决定该侧基底是俯冲抑或仰冲的重要因素。②盆地基底的微弱变形即可引起盖层较大形变；③基底的仰冲—俯冲使盖层的主要构造倾向仰冲基底一侧。     

地面伽马能谱测量在浅覆盖区地质填图中的应用

地面伽马能谱测量作为地质填图的辅助手段用于浅覆盖区是一种新的尝试。通过野外实测剖面，分析了地面能谱测量在浅覆盖区进行地质填图的可能性，并使用圆滑处理手段束消除局部干扰，同时还分析了地面伽马能谱测量在大兴安岭地区进行岩性划分的能力，为区域地质填图提供了一种高效、轻便、快速的手段。     

潘谢矿区水文地质特征与缩小防水煤柱机理

淮南潘谢矿区年总设计生产能力为 2 10 0× 10 4t。区内第四系松散层厚 16 9～ 437m ,为巨厚松散强含水层 ,设计留设80m防水煤岩柱 ,防水煤柱储量达 6× 10 8t。通过开展缩小防水煤柱试采研究工作 ,将原设计留设的 80m防水煤柱减小到6 0m左右 ,局部仅 40m。本文通过总结潘谢矿区 10年来缩小防水煤柱工作面成功的开采实践 ,比较系统地阐述了潘谢矿区水文地质特征、覆岩破坏规律及缩小防水煤柱机理。     

Triangulation hand‐held laser‐scanning (TriHaLaS) for micro‐ and meso‐habitat surveys in streams

A novel hand‐held laser‐based stream bed survey system is presented. The system facilitates the capture of detailed 3D mapping of shallow (< 0.7 m) riverbed topography in sections approximately 4 m by 2 m. The system includes a stationary reference system, which projects three laser sheets (two at offset angles), within which a hand‐held monitoring pole is moved. The unique configuration of the light sheets intercepts with the pole as it moves within the survey area providing an exact horizontal location. Pole tilt is compensated for by an inertial measurement unit on the pole, and the height above the bed of the pole and submerged scanning laser are monitored relative to the horizontal laser sheet. Verification and application measurements demonstrate high resolution and accuracy in the horizontal (~5 mm) and vertical (~1 mm) direction. The system can be applied at sites where a free view is blocked and other optical through‐water methods fail. It is appropriate for studies on riverbed statistics and dynamics, which necessitate non‐invasive in‐situ surveys. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

岷县—漳县6.6级地震极震区场地覆盖层厚度探测及三维地形模型建立

2013年7月22日岷县漳县MS6.6地震的震后科学考察发现,极震区局部场地覆盖层厚度和地形条件对地震动有明显放大效应。利用伺服速度地震仪对此次地震极震区场地进行高密度地脉动观测,获得该区不同场地的卓越频率,运用频谱分析法得到该区场地覆盖层厚度分布。基于在该区进行的无人机航飞遥测,获取地形地貌数据,通过制作表层和基岩层DEM数据,由Rhino进一步处理生成地形模型,实现真实地形在通用有限元软件中的三维模型的建立。     

一种深厚覆盖层场地地震动参数的确定方法

基于欧美规范确定了坐落在深厚覆盖层上KH抽水蓄能电站上、下库场地基本运行和最大设计地震动峰值加速度、反应谱和时程等动参数。首先依据场地区域地震烈度区划图、特征周期区划图和依据场地地质地震条件选取的5条种子实测地震动确定场地基岩输入加速度时程、峰值加速度和设计反应谱,进而基于各土层地质参数和一维弹性波传播模拟程序确定覆盖层表面的平均峰值加速度、平均反应谱和5条地震动时程,对所得到的平均反应谱和峰值加速度进行光滑处理后确定可用于各建筑物结构抗震设计的地震动参数,包括覆盖层表面水平向动力响应加速度时程、峰值加速度和设计反应谱。该方法可较好地保留输入地震动的真实动力特性,如持时、相位和频率等,为我国规范中建议的确定场地地震动参数的方法提供有益的补充。     

Groundwater flow path determination during riverbank filtration affected by groundwater exploitation: a case study of Liao River,Northeast China

The groundwater flow path plays an important role in maintaining hydrological and ecological quality and security, which are important in the comprehensive management and use of both groundwater and surface water. In this study, an integrated multi-tracer-constrained framework was used to determine the groundwater flow path. The results show that there are shallow and deep flow paths in riverbank filtration, controlled by the different permeabilities of riverbed sediments and aquifers at different depths. The contribution of river water to shallow groundwater is less than that to deep groundwater because of the low permeability of the riverbed sediment in the dense muddy layer in the shallow slope of the river valley. This contribution decreases with increasing distance from the Liao River. The shallow groundwater quality is better than the deep groundwater quality because of its longer residence time.