考虑库水升降和滑带弱化作用的岸坡启滑机制分析

以三峡库区凉水井滑坡为研究对象,采用理论分析与数值模拟的研究手段,构建了滑带强度弱化模型,提出了渗流驱动的滑坡启滑判据,应用Geo-studio有限元程序分析了库水不同升降速率对滑坡稳定性的影响,揭示了库水升降作用下岸坡渗流场演变规律和渗流驱动下的启滑机制。研究表明：（1）渗透压力与渗透时间的变化是滑带土强度弱化的关键因素,弱化到临界强度时,在渗流驱动下发生压剪破坏而启滑,由局部向整体以渐进模式破坏失稳;（2）库水升降过程中,坡体内孔隙水压力滞后性较明显,水位升降速率会影响坡体地下水响应时程,升降速率越大,孔隙水压力变化越大,渗流驱动力越大,滑坡稳定性变化越快,越趋近于渐进破坏;（3）库水位从175 m降到145 m,凉水井滑坡滑面法向应力最大降低了38.19%,剪应力最大降低了22.20%,有效法向应力最大落差为168.64 kPa,抗剪强度最大落差为63.45 kPa。以上分析结论与规律可为涉水滑坡启滑机制分析、库岸山体滑坡失稳研究及应急防治工程等提供科学依据和理论方法。     

冲刷桥墩基础的HHT振动频谱特性分析与判读研究

尝试以移动车流为振动源,在明显受冲刷与未受冲刷桥墩系统上方一侧布设讯号传感器,接收桥梁下部结构因振动源所产生的振动讯号。再以经验模态分解法EMD与希尔伯特黄转换HHT作为讯号分解与振动频谱解析的方法,针对桥墩系统（桥梁下部结构）的Y方向振动讯号进行解析与判读。于EMD分析过程中导入间断性准则进行振动讯号分解。针对完整（未裸露）桥墩系统（P1）,与跨河冲刷桥段桥墩系统（P2）的Y方向,进行频谱解析与比对探讨。由研究结果可知,EMD讯号分解过程可能产生模态混合现象,导致HHT图形中产生频率损失以及可判读区间缩短的现象。借由间断性准则的应用,可有效解决这些问题,获得判读性较高的HHT频谱图与边际频谱图。此外,HHT频谱图所得结果证实,桥墩系统Y方向的瞬时频率变化为一频宽带,其区间范围约在1～4 Hz之间。而由边际频谱图中可知,P1、P2的频率能量分别集中于2.5 Hz与1.7 Hz,可知P2的整体系统刚度小于P1。据此,明显受冲刷桥墩系统P2,其承载能力弱化的现象得以由HHT方法中明显呈现。     

Restricted Three-Body Problem: An Approximation of its General Solution – Part One – the Manifold of Symmetric Periodic Solutions

This paper gives the results of a programme attempting to exploit ‘la seule bréche’ (Poincaré, 1892, p. 82) of non-integrable systems, namely to develop an approximate general solution for the three out of its four component-solutions of the planar restricted three-body problem. This is accomplished by computing a large number of families of ‘solutions précieuses’ (periodic solutions) covering densely the space of initial conditions of this problem. More specifically, we calculated numerically and only for μ = 0.4, all families of symmetric periodic solutions (1st component of the general solution) existing in the domain D:(x ₀ ∊ [−2,2],C ∊ [−2,5]) of the (x ₀, C) space and consisting of symmetric solutions re-entering after 1 up to 50 revolutions (see graph in Fig. 4). Then we tested the parts of the domain D that is void of such families and established that they belong to the category of escape motions (2nd component of the general solution). The approximation of the 3rd component (asymmetric solutions) we shall present in a future publication. The 4th component of the general solution of the problem, namely the one consisting of the bounded non-periodic solutions, is considered as approximated by those of the 1st or the 2nd component on account of the `Last Geometric Theorem of Poincaré' (Birkhoff, 1913). The results obtained provoked interest to repeat the same work inside the larger closed domain D:(x ₀ ∊ [−6,2], C ∊ [−5,5]) and the results are presented in Fig. 15. A test run of the programme developed led to reproduction of the results presented by Hénon (1965) with better accuracy and many additional families not included in the sited paper. Pointer directions construed from the main body of results led to the definition of useful concepts of the basic family of order n, n = 1, 2,… and the completeness criterion of the solution inside a compact sub-domain of the (x ₀, C) space. The same results inspired the ‘partition theorem’, which conjectures the possibility of partitioning an initial conditions domain D into a finite set of sub-domains D i that fulfill the completeness criterion and allow complete approximation of the general solution of this problem by computing a relatively small number of family curves. The numerical results of this project include a large number of families that were computed in detail covering their natural termination, the morphology, and stability of their member solutions. Zooming into sub-domains of D permitted clear presentation of the families of symmetric solutions contained in them. Such zooming was made for various values of the parameter N, which defines the re-entrance revolutions number, which was selected to be from 50 to 500. The areas generating escape solutions have being investigated. In Appendix A we present families of symmetric solutions terminating at asymptotic solutions, and in Appendix B the morphology of large period symmetric solutions though examples of orbits that re-enter after from 8 to 500 revolutions. The paper concludes that approximations of the general solution of the planar restricted problem is possible and presents such approximations, only for some sub-domains that fulfill the completeness criterion, on the basis of sufficiently large number of families.     

基于梯度塑性理论的岩样在压剪条件下变形及稳定性分析

考虑了正应力及剪应力联合作用在岩样的端部,而且,在正应力被视为变量,剪应力被视为常量这一特殊条件下,对剪切带的变形特征及剪切带-带外弹性体系统的失稳判据进行了分析.根据剪切虎克定律及梯度塑性理论,提出了剪切带内部弹性应变、塑性应变及总应变的解析式,对上述三种应变进行积分,提出了剪切带错动弹性位移、塑性位移及总位移的解析式.利用压缩虎克定律及几何关系建立了剪切带外弹性体的刚度的表达式.根据刚度理论,建立了剪切带-带外弹性体系统的失稳判据.考虑岩样端面的剪切应力后,在流动剪切应力相同时,剪切带内部的弹性剪切应变(均匀分布)将增加;剪切带内部的塑性剪切应变(不均匀分布)将减小;剪切带的弹性剪切位移(线性分布)将增加;剪切带的塑性剪切位移(非线性分布)将减小;剪切带错动位移要小一些.另外,剪切应力对剪切带-带外弹性体系统的失稳判据没有影响.失稳判据仅和岩石的本构参数、剪切带倾角及结构尺寸有关.     

Enriched finite element procedures for analyzing decoupled bolts installed in rock mass

Numerical procedures are developed to analyze interaction between fully grouted bolts and rock mass using ‘enriched finite element method (EFEM)’. A solid element intersected by a rock bolt along any arbitrary direction is termed as ‘enriched’ element. The nodes of an enriched element have additional degrees of freedom for determining displacements, stresses developed in the bolt rod. The stiffness of the enriched element is formulated based on properties of rock mass, bolt rod and grout, orientation of the bolt and borehole diameter. Decoupling at grout–bolt interface and elasto‐plastic behavior of rock mass have also been incorporated into the EFEM procedures. The results of this method are compared with analytical pull‐out test results presented by Li and Stillborg (Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 1999; 36 :1013–1029). In addition, a numerical example of a bolted tunnel is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method for practical applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PHC管桩动力特性试验研究

系统地阐述了竖向/水平-回转耦合强迫振动和扭转自由振动等动力特性测试的原理和计算方法,并对某新建火力发电厂PHC管桩进行了动力特性试验。试验分析计算所得的抗压刚度Kz、抗剪刚度Kx、抗弯刚度Kj、抗扭刚度Ky和竖向振动阻尼比zz、水平-回转耦合振动第1振型阻尼比zxj1、扭转振动阻尼比zy 离散性小,有很好的规律性。试验是在桩头自由条件下进行的,实际桩头嵌固在桩基承台中,增加了桩头的嵌固条件和承台侧面填土抗力的影响,故具体应用时可根据承台结构、承台侧面填土、承台底面与地基土接触等具体情况酌情予以提高。     

岩体分级考虑因素的现状与趋势分析

在对国内外岩体分级方法深入研究的基础上,对岩体分级方法中所考虑的岩体分级因素及对各因素的处理方法进行了系统的归纳和总结。从岩体分级方法的现状来看,虽然目前尚无统一的岩体分级标准,但在岩体分级中应根据岩石的强度、岩体的完整性、地下水条件、地应力状况等多方面因素,进行岩体综合分级上达成了共识,并且国内规范中的岩体分级标准有趋于统一和向国际标准接轨的趋势。     

复数域总体最小二乘平差

在复数域最小二乘的基础上提出了复数域总体最小二乘平差方法,推导了复数域总体最小二乘和复数混合总体最小二乘的相关公式。通过算例比较分析了复数观测值的残差的模的平方和最小(平差准则1)下及残差的实部和虚部的平方和分别最小(平差准则2)下的复数最小二乘、复数观测值和系数矩阵的残差的模的平方和最小(平差准则3)下及残差的实部和虚部的平方和分别最小(平差准则4)下的复数总体最小二乘方法的优劣。试验结果表明:平差准则1下复数最小二乘较平差准则2下得到的结果更加合理,平差准则3下复数总体最小二乘较平差准则4下得到的结果更为准确;当顾及系数矩阵误差时,平差准则3下复数总体最小二乘要优于平差准则1下复数最小二乘。     

基于PCA-GEP算法的边坡稳定性预测

提出一种基于主成分分析的基因表达式程序设计算法,并将其用于边坡稳定性预测。该算法先采用主成分分析法对样本数据进行预处理,有效地减少预测模型的输入量,消除输入数据间的相关性,再将得到的新样本数据输入基因表达式,构建边坡稳定性的预测模型。利用该预测模型对82个危险圆弧破坏边坡实例中的71个实例进行学习,对另外11个实例进行预测,取得了较好的效果。在保留传统的以误差值作为评判模型优劣标准的同时,引入AIC信息准则法,分别对v-SVR算法和GA-BP网络算法和PCA-GEP算法三种预测模型进行比较分析,结果表明,运用该算法可以获得更优的预测模型,其预测结果比v-SVR算法和GA-BP网络等其他算法得到的结果具有更高的预测精度。工程实例计算表明,该方法是合理、可行的。     

基于SLFT边坡双折减系数强度失稳判据

基于滑移线场理论（SLFT）,提出了一种边坡双折减系数强度折减法失稳判据：当由滑移线场理论计算得到的极限状态下的边坡坡面（简称\