深基坑双排桩结构支护效果有限差分数值模拟

[摘 要] 由两排平行的钢筋混凝土桩以及桩顶冠梁形成的双排桩支护结构可以有效控制基坑侧 向变形,被广泛应用于基坑支护设计中。本文以济南市西区文化中心项目大剧院为工程背景,对双排桩 支护结构下基坑坡面水平位移,坑底隆起,桩身弯矩、剪力,桩土接触面切向刚度和法向刚度等特征进行 研究,并通过“实体单元桩冶和“结构单元桩冶的计算结果进行对比分析。研究表明,桩与土体相互作用 力学模型能较好模拟双排桩支护施工过程,计算精度较高;桩顶的水平位移最大,基坑开挖底面的弯矩 和剪力最大;计算结果可为双排支护桩作用机理的研究提供参考。     

软岩钻孔灌注桩承载力的数值模拟

如何确定软岩地区钻孔灌注桩的承载力是一个复杂而又亟待解决的问题。本文以南京长江三桥软岩钻孔灌注桩为例,利用数值模拟法(FLAC3D模拟分析),模拟南京长江三桥软岩钻孔灌注桩逐级加载后的受力性状,根据得到的桩周土岩的应力场、位移场及破坏区的分布和扩展,确定软岩钻孔灌注桩的极限承载力。将数值模拟结果和自平衡测试结果进行比较,笔者发现两者吻合较好。     

Numerical investigation of the uplift performance of prestressed fiber-reinforced polymer floating piles

Finite element analyses of prestressed fiber-reinforced polymer floating piles subjected to uplift force have been conducted in this paper. First, parameters of the modified BPE model (bond–slip model at the fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete interface) were calibrated using existing pullout testing data on fiber-reinforced polymer rebars embedded in concrete. Nonlinear spring elements were used in numerical modeling to characterize the bond–slip behavior at the fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete interface. A parametric study was performed to assess the influence of rebar diameter, fiber-reinforced polymer material, embedment length, and concrete strength on the mobilized bond stress. Upon the successful modeling of the pullout performance of fiber-reinforced polymer rebars in concrete, numerical models were developed to investigate the dependence of the uplift performance of floating piles on the prestress level, uplift force, fiber-reinforced polymer type, and compressive strength of concrete.     

双排隔振屏障对振动波的阻隔作用及动力响应分析

本文采用模拟试验的方法,对分层土地基中双排隔振屏障对振动波的动力响应进行了探讨,并研究了桩长与土层分界面位置关系、激振频率对其隔振效果的影响作用,得出结论:（1）屏障前振动强度远大于屏障后振动强度,并随着振源距、激振频率、桩长的增加而下降,且屏障前出现明显振动增强现象,在激振频率80 Hz时产生振动峰值,振动强度在高频时基本稳定,继续增加激振频率,振动强度并不会发生明显变化。（2）屏障后中线左右2倍桩长范围内为整个隔振区域的薄弱区,其他区域则由包络线围成一个封闭有效隔振区。（3）屏障对中频和高频有更好的隔振效果,且桩长越大有效隔振面积越大,当桩长超过土层分界面时,有效隔振面积可达到53.25%～69.78%,但此时有效隔振面积增幅由原来的14.29%下降到11.64%,增幅降低了约3%。（4）未设屏障区振动强度较小,随激振频率小范围内浮动,在激振频率为30 Hz和80 Hz时取得振动峰值,且随着屏障布置方向减小,即靠近屏障一侧振动强度较强,远离屏障一侧振动强度较弱。     

On the seismic performances of rigid block‐like structures coupled with an oscillating mass working as a TMD

In this paper, the effects of a mass damper on the rocking motion of a non‐symmetric rigid block‐like structure, subject to different seismic excitation, are investigated. The damper is modelled as a single degree of freedom oscillating mass, running at the top of the block and connected to it by a linear visco‐elastic device. The equations of rocking motion, the uplift and the impact conditions are derived. A nondimensionalisation of the governing equations is performed with the aim to obtain an extensive parametric analysis. The results are achieved by numerical integration of these equations. The slenderness and the base of the rigid block, and the eccentricity of the centre of mass are taken as variable parameters in the analyses. The main objective of the study is to check the performance of the damper versus the spectral characteristics of the seismic input. Three earthquake registrations with different frequency contents are used in the analyses. The results show that the presence of the mass damper leads to different levels of improvement of the response of the system, depending on the spectral characteristics of the seismic input. Curves providing the overturning slenderness of blocks of specific sizes versus the characteristics of the TMD are obtained. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

下卧基岩饱和地基中埋置刚性基础的竖向振动问题研究

基于Biot提出的饱和土波动方程,研究了埋置于单层饱和地基中的有质量的刚性圆柱基础的竖向振动问题。运用Hankel积分变换求解饱和土基本动力方程,并考虑基础与地基接触面的混合边值条件,求得了基础底面和基础侧面的动反力,结合基础振动的动力平衡方程,得到了基础竖向振动振幅和地基等效动力刚度的表达式。数值分析结果表明：下卧基岩饱和地基的等效动力刚度和基础振动振幅都呈现出明显的波动现象,土层厚度、基础埋深比、基础质量比对埋置基础的竖向振动有很大影响。     

带帽刚性桩复合地基荷载传递机理研究

为了研究带帽刚性桩复合地基荷载传递机理,基于弹性理论和合理假定,采用荷载传递函数法,建立了带帽刚性桩复合地基中桩体沉降及其轴向应力、桩帽下土体竖向位移及其竖向应力、桩帽间土体竖向位移及其竖向应力、桩身侧摩阻力、桩帽边缘土体之间的侧摩阻力与荷载水平、深度之间的控制微分方程。采用微分方程的近似解法,推导出相应地解析表达式。利用桩体荷载沉降关系作为已知条件进行求解,计算结果能够反映带帽刚性桩复合地基荷载传递的一般力学性状规律。     

港口靠船桩工作性状计算的双参数法

港口靠船桩是承受重复性荷载或多循环荷载的一种横向承载桩。双参数法能较好地描述靠船桩 (单桩、群桩 )的桩土工作性状。用双参数法进行计算时 ,所给的地面条件必须由重复荷载或多循环荷载作用下实测出来。根据现场试桩资料 ,标定桩土参数 ,即k =mx1/n的指数l/n、桩土相对柔度系数α、桩土综合刚度EI等值 ,可以用来设计试桩附近局部地区同类条件下的其它长桩。对于没有进行试桩的某些工程 ,可以联合运用双参数法和p -y曲线法进行桩的分析     

粉煤灰垫层与夯扩灌注桩联合处理高层建筑地基

利用夯扩灌注桩对桩端持力层的加密作用，可解决水下填筑问题，利用粉煤灰的可压密性和夯扩灌注桩承载力高的特点，可大幅提高复合地基承载力，减少工程投资。以河南洛阳某高层建筑为例，介绍了粉煤灰垫层和夯扩灌注桩组成的刚性桩复合地基在高层建筑地基中的应用。     

P–Y Curves for Piles Under Seismic Lateral Loads

This paper describes an experimentally based procedure for building dynamic P–Y curves for clays from the Campeche sound in the Gulf of Mexico and for Mexico City clays. Cyclic triaxial and resonant column tests were used to derive hyperbolic stiffness–strain and damping–strain functions that depend on soil plasticity and on relative consistency. The dynamic P–Y curves incorporate these functions and also include hysteretical and geometrical damping characteristics of the pile–soil system; they can be used directly in dynamic interaction analyses of structure–pile–soil systems in the time or the frequency domains. Usual practice relies on pseudo static formulations and a simplified alternative to include P–Y curves in this kind of analysis is also proposed, which is essentially the same as the dynamic ones but does not include radiation or hysteretical damping.