On the equatorward phase propagation of high-m ULF pulsations observed by radars

An often observed and still unexplained feature of the high-m Alfvén waves in the terrestrial magnetosphere is their equatorward phase motion, in contrast with low-m waves. We suggest an explanation of this fact in terms of a model of wave excitation by an azimuthally drifting particle inhomogeneity injected during substorm activity. The azimuthal direction of the phase velocity coincides with that of the cloud. If the drift velocity increases with the radial coordinate, the particle cloud is stretched into spiral in the equatorial plane which leads to a radial component of the phase velocity directed toward Earth, that is, an equatorward phase propagation.     

坝体填筑料压缩特性及影响因素分析

堆石料的压缩性直接关系工程的安全问题,对某一抽水蓄能电站坝体填筑料开展多组大型侧限压缩试验,结果表明,堆石料的压缩模量较大、压缩指数很小。只有在应力超过颗粒破碎应力以后堆石料压缩曲线才会发生较大程度的下降,且认为颗粒破碎应力是堆石料发生弹塑性变形的转折点,对于不同初始孔隙比的同一种堆石料,在极高的应力状态下它们的压缩曲线会聚到唯一的极限压缩曲线LCC。压缩曲线中堆石料的卸荷回弹量非常小,表明其是弹性变形。不论何种加载路径材料的初始级配决定了堆石料的最终压缩状态,且随着母岩强度的增加、初始孔隙比或者泥岩含量的减小堆石料的压缩性减小。     

刚性桩复合地基地震反应机理分析

为研究刚性桩复合地基的抗震性能,用刚性桩复合地基振动台试验验证了所采用的等效线性方法及其参数取值,在此基础上针对实际问题进行了三维有限元分析,对地基分层、土体模量、桩径、桩长、垫层厚度和垫层模量等因素对复合地基地震反应的影响进行了分析讨论,对刚性桩复合地基在地震荷载作用下的工作机理进行了较详细的分析。结果表明,等效线性方法能较好地模拟结构-复合地基相互作用的特性;上部结构惯性力和自由场变形对复合地基桩身内力影响都较大;地基明显软硬分层的存在,会使桩身内力显著增大。     

颗粒形态对离散介质剪切强度的影响

自然条件下,颗粒介质大多以非规则单元形态存在。非规则几何形态对颗粒介质的宏观力学性能有很大影响。针对颗粒单元的不同几何形态,采用团颗粒单元对离散介质的直剪试验过程进行了离散元数值计算,详细地讨论了颗粒形态对离散介质剪切强度的影响。该非规则颗粒由不同形态、不同数目、镶嵌尺寸、组合方位和颗粒大小的球形颗粒进行随机构造,其在局部与整体坐标之间的转动、力矩和方位关系通过4元素方法进行确定,基本球体颗粒之间的作用力采用具有Mohr-Coulomb摩擦定侓的Hertz-Mindlin非线性接触模型,并考虑了非线性法向粘滞力的影响。通过构造7种具有相同的质量概率分布的不同形态的团颗粒,在不同法向应力下,对团颗粒的直剪试验进行了离散元模拟,分析了不同形态颗粒的剪切强度。通过对不同形态颗粒介质剪切强度的数值分析,进一步揭示了非规则颗粒间的咬合互锁效应,为分析非规则颗粒的宏观动力特性提供了依据。     

Rigid‐plastic models for the seismic design and assessment of steel framed structures

This paper demonstrates the applicability of response history analysis based on rigid‐plastic models for the seismic assessment and design of steel buildings. The rigid‐plastic force–deformation relationship as applied in steel moment‐resisting frames (MRF) is re‐examined and new rigid‐plastic models are developed for concentrically‐braced frames and dual structural systems consisting of MRF coupled with braced systems. This paper demonstrates that such rigid‐plastic models are able to predict global seismic demands with reasonable accuracy. It is also shown that, the direct relationship that exists between peak displacement and the plastic capacity of rigid‐plastic oscillators can be used to define the level of seismic demand for a given performance target. Copyright© 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Three-layer model for vertical velocity distribution in open channel flow with submerged rigid vegetation

Based on the detailed laboratory experiments and theoretical analysis, a new three-layer model is proposed to predict the vertical velocity distribution in an open channel flow with submerged vegetation. The time averaged velocity and turbulence behaviour of a steady uniform flow with fully submerged artificial rigid vegetation was measured using a 3D Micro ADV, and the vertical distribution of velocity and Reynolds shear stress at different vegetation height, vegetation density and measuring positions were obtained. The results show that the velocity profile consists of three hydrodynamic regimes (i.e. the upper non-vegetated layer, the outer and bottom layer within vegetation); accordingly different methods had been adopted to describe the vertical velocity distribution. For the upper non-vegetated layer, a modified mixing length theory combined with the concept of ‘the new vegetation boundary layer’ was adopted, and an analytical model was presented to predict the vertical velocity distribution in this region. For the bottom layer within vegetation, the depth average velocity was obtained by numerically solving the momentum equations. For the upper layer within vegetation, the analytical solution was presented by expressing the shear stress as a formula fitted to the experimental data. Finally, the analytical predictions of the vertical velocity over the whole flow depth were compared with the results obtained by other researchers, and the good agreement proved that the three-layer model can be used to predict the velocity distribution of the open channel flow with submerged rigid vegetation.     

直立阻沙栅栏流场特征的风洞模拟实验

直立栅栏作用于地表深刻地影响了周围气流的流动特性,使原来流经地表的气流成为一种特殊形式的“次生流”。根据PIV所测的非对数-线性风速廓线形态及风速廓线所表现的不同速度梯度,栅栏周围的流场可以划分为6个典型区域。随着栅栏疏透度的增加,流动的区域会随着下风向距离的增加逐渐合并,划分的区域越来越少。这些典型的区域分别表现了气流的不同运移行为及能量传输特征,对栅栏周围的风沙沉积有很大的影响。     

准噶尔盆地南缘绿洲-沙漠过渡带“肥岛”形成过程中土壤颗粒的分形研究

通过野外调查取样和室内分析的方法研究了准噶尔盆地南缘绿洲-沙漠过渡带不同地段的梭梭灌丛土壤不同空间位置（包括灌丛下和灌丛间）的土壤颗粒分形维数的变异特征,以及分形维数与土壤机械组成、土壤养分的关系。结果表明:①土壤颗粒分形维数与土壤沙粒含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与土壤粉粒和粘粒含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),并与土壤养分含量中的有机质、全氮、全磷呈极显著的正相关 (P<0.01),与可被植物吸收利用的速效形态养分碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷等的含量有极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),土壤颗粒分形维数可用以表征土壤结构性状和肥力特征。②沙漠-绿洲过渡带典型空间位置的土壤粒级分布呈梯度性变化,从绿洲到沙漠1~0.25 mm的土壤颗粒体积百分比从0.4%增加到16%,而小于0.05 mm的颗粒体积百分比从76.6%减少到3.5%,土壤的粗粒组分明显增加,细粒组分明显递减,并且土壤颗粒分形维数从2.50降低到2.03。③不同粒径土粒的分布规律表现为灌丛下的粉粒、粘粒含量均大于灌丛间的,其中沙漠腹地灌丛下的表层土壤粉粒增加了1.23%,粘粒增加了0.06%;退耕还林地灌丛下土壤表层的粉粒增加了10.78%,粘粒增加了2.91%,说明梭梭灌丛能有效截获风蚀带来的微细尘埃、粘粒和粉沙,使灌丛下土壤的结构及肥力性状得以改善,形成灌丛“肥岛”。     

机场高填土地基工后不均匀沉降指标研究

以威斯特卡德板中受荷计算刚性道面PCN值的理论为基础,考虑刚性道面接缝传荷能力和山区机场地基不均匀沉降,建立了基于“地基-道面-飞机荷载”相互作用的足尺9块板道面结构三维有限元分析模型。运用该方法,根据统计的国内主要民航运输飞机ACN值,确立了15组计算分析模型。经威斯特卡德理论和Bisar软件验证了模型的可行性。研究表明,高填土机场道面板底最大拉应力与地基不均匀沉降呈线性关系,高填土机场工程中对于1‰的地基不均匀沉降控制比较合理,对于设计强度为5.0 MPa以上的道面结构,允许地基最大不均匀沉降值为1.2‰。