河北沽源张麻井铀-钼矿床围岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

沽源-红山子铀成矿带河北沽源张麻井铀-钼矿床赋存在张家口组第三段流纹岩与流纹斑岩、石英斑岩的接触带附近,主要受隐爆角砾岩控制。研究表明,张麻井铀-钼矿床赋矿流纹岩、流纹斑岩和石英斑岩的锆石具有清晰的环带结构,Th/U比值高,属典型的岩浆成因锆石。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,流纹岩12颗锆石的206Pb/238U年龄变化范围为136~144 Ma,加权平均年龄为(138.6±1.4)Ma(MSWD=2.4);流纹斑岩11颗锆石的206Pb/238U年龄变化范围为136~145 Ma,加权平均年龄为(140.2±1.6)Ma(MSWD=2.2);石英斑岩11颗锆石的206Pb/238U年龄变化范围为132~147 Ma,加权平均年龄为(136.2±2.9)Ma(MSWD=1.8)。由此可见,流纹岩、流纹斑岩和石英斑岩的同位素年龄在误差范围内一致,指示火山喷发和斑岩就位发生在早白垩世早期,与滨西太平洋成矿域以火山岩为赋矿主岩的热液型铀矿的围岩形成时代一致,沽源-红山子铀成矿带早白垩世早期次火山岩与同期火山岩的接触带附近是寻找铀矿的有利空间。     

东天山晚石炭世大石头群流纹岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究

新疆大石头-色皮口地区位于博格达造山带东段北部。该区大石头群流纹岩 Rb-Sr 同位素等时线年龄为306.7±2.3Ma,是博格达裂谷闭合后区域隆升阶段的产物。这些流纹岩的ε_(Nd)(t)为 5.30～ 6.40,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i 为0.703289～0.703496,(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i 为18.037～18.425、(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i 为15.524～15.567、(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i 为37.198～37.810,因此其 Nd-Sr-Pb 同位素特征与博格达陆内裂谷伸展和沉降阶段形成的早石炭世七角井组玄武岩和流纹岩相近。七角井组与大量玄武岩伴生的少量流纹岩是由玄武岩浆分离结晶作用的产物,而大石头群中的大量流纹岩群仅与少量玄武岩伴生故是由玄武岩浆分离结晶的产物可排除大的可能性。该区流纹岩很可能是碰撞后的底侵玄武岩在地幔热量影响下发生重熔的产物。大石头群流纹岩正δ_(Nd)(t)值、负ε_(Sr)(t)值(低 Sr 初始值)和低 Pb 同位素比值表明博格达裂谷碰撞后的底侵幔源岩浆重熔的基性产物与碰撞前的七角井组玄武岩一样也来自亏损地幔。     

青藏高原西南部查孜地区中新世钾质火山岩地球化学及其成因

通常认为青藏高原的钾质-超钾质火山岩的形成多与地幔有着紧密的联系,然而最近对青藏高原的一些钾质-超钾质火山岩的研究显示一些钾质火山岩也可以起源于下地壳.青藏高原西南部查孜地区中新世火山岩是形成于13～11 Ma左右的一套钾质-超钾质岩石,根据岩石化学组成将其分为中基性火山岩组、中性火山岩组和流纹质火山岩.其中中基性火山岩组可能源于一个富含金云母的富集地幔源区;中性火山岩组可能是富钾的镁铁质下地壳部分熔融的产物;流纹质火山岩可能是拉萨地块在中新世时期的伸展构造运动而导致中上地壳因减压而发生部分熔融的产物.结合查孜地区及其邻近火山岩的年龄、化学组成以及岩浆组合,初步认为查孜地区火山岩可能与高原在中新世发生伸展活动而产生的南北向地堑系统有关.     

一个古元古代A型流纹岩

山西吕梁群流纹岩是一个古元古代的弱碱性火山岩,它具有高ＳｉＯ２,Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｋ２Ｏ和Ｚｒ,Ｇａ等高场强元素和高ＦｅＯ＾＊／ＭｇＯ,Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ和Ｇａ／Ａｌ比值,以及低ＣａＯ,Ｓｒ和Ｅｕ／Ｅｕ＾＊的地球化学特征,相似于Ａ型花岗质岩石。它形成于大陆边缘裂谷环境,化学成分及同位素特征为高εＮｄ（ｔ）值,低（＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ）ｉ值,表明流纹岩的原始岩浆由下地壳晚太古代变质岩受裂谷岩浆和热流作用的影响部分     

江西相山铀矿田河元背地区流纹斑岩地球化学、锆石U Pb年龄及Hf Sr Nd同位素特征

在江西相山铀矿田河元背地区实施的CUSD3钻孔,发现其深部存在晚期侵入到打鼓顶组流纹英安岩、凝灰岩、泥质粉砂岩中的流纹斑岩。利用激光等离子质谱分析技术(LA ICP MS)测得流纹斑岩的锆石206Pb/238U年龄为(1318±07)Ma (MSWD=041),晚于前人所测的鹅湖岭组碎斑流纹岩年龄。该流纹斑岩具有高硅、富钾、铝过饱和等特点,还表现出高场强元素Rb、Th、U、La、Ce、Nd和LREE富集,Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti等元素亏损以及δEu明显负异常的特点。锆石的εHf(t)值介于 -677~-1038之间,对应的二阶段Hf模式年龄TDMC介于1 619~1 846 Ma,岩石的ISr值为0710 92~0712 01,εNd(t)值为-818~-919。其稀土元素、微量元素分布模式及同位素特征与前人报道的碎斑流纹岩特征类似,暗示流纹斑岩与碎斑流纹岩具有相同的物质来源。以上特征说明河元背地区流纹斑岩形成于早白垩世造山运动碰撞后伸展阶段,为深部硅铝质地壳部分熔融的产物。相山西部流纹斑岩的发现,可以推测该区或许存在一个次级火山机构。     

藏东日扎山一带马拉松多组流纹岩年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

为确定藏东日扎山一带马拉松多组流纹岩的形成时代及成岩构造环境,探讨古特提斯洋闭合时间,应用LA-ICP-MS方法对其进行锆石U-Pb精确定年,并开展岩石学和地球化学研究。结果表明,该区流纹岩岩浆锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为244±1.2Ma,较精确地限定了马拉松多组流纹岩的形成时代,为中三叠世早期。岩相学及地球化学研究结果显示,马拉松多组流纹岩具高硅(Si O_2=72.72%～76.88%),富碱((K_2O+Na_2O)=6.64%～7.41%,K_2ONa_2O),过铝质(Al_2O_3=11.76%～13.03%,A/CNK=1.17～1.31)特征;岩石富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb,高场强元素Th、U,而亏损大离子亲石元素Sr和Ba,高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Hf、Ti等;稀土元素配分模式表现出轻稀土元素富集(LREE/HREE=1.93～2.89),轻稀土元素分馏程度稍高于重稀土元素的右倾V字形分布模式,具有明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.36～0.41);其成因可能与幔源岩浆的底侵和加厚地壳的减薄有关,是幔源基性岩浆底侵导致地壳物质脱水发生部分熔融的产物,即主要是陆壳和硅铝质源岩部分熔融形成的,岩浆在上升过程中经历了结晶分异作用。其化学性质具有S型向A型流纹岩演化的趋势,以及同碰撞弧火山岩与碰撞后A型流纹岩的双重特性。综合研究认为,研究区在早中三叠世处于弧-陆碰撞后活动大陆边缘短暂的后造山伸展构造环境,古特提斯洋(金沙江洋)在此之前已经闭合。     

The volcanic history of Volcán Alcedo,Galápagos Archipelago: A case study of rhyolitic oceanic volcanism

Volcán Alcedo is one of the seven western Galápagos shields and is the only active Galápagos volcano known to have erupted rhyolite as well as basalt. The volcano stands 4 km above the sea floor and has a subaerial volume of 200 km³, nearly all of which is basalt. As Volcán Alcedo grew, it built an elongate domal shield, which was partly truncated during repeated caldera-collapse and partial-filling episodes. An outward-dipping sequence of basalt flows at least 250 m thick forms the steepest (to 33°) flanks of the volcano and is not tilted; thus a constructional origin for the steep upper flanks is favored. About 1 km³ of rhyolite erupted late in the volcano's history from at least three vents and in 2–5 episodes. The most explosive of these produced a tephra blanket that covers the eastern half of the volcano. Homogeneous rhyolitic pumice is overlain by dacite-rhyolite commingled pumice, with no stratigraphic break. The tephra is notable for its low density and coarse grain size. The calculated height of the eruption plume is 23–30 km, and the intensity is estimated to have been 1.2x10⁸ kg/s. Rhyolitic lavas vented from the floor of the caldera and from fissures along the rim overlie the tephra of the plinian phase. The age of the rhyolitic eruptions is 120 ka, on the basis of K-Ar ages. Between ten and 20 basaltic lava flows are younger than the rhyolites. Recent faulting resulted in a moat around part of the caldera floor. Alcedo most resently erupted sometime between 1946 and 1960 from its southern flank. Alcedo maintains an active, transient hydrothermal system. Acoustic and seismic activity in 1991 is attributed to the disruption of the hydrothermal system by a regional-scale earthquake.     

西藏多龙矿集区发现早白垩世流纹岩夹层

继西藏冈底斯成矿带之后,新近探明的具有超大型远景的典型斑岩型铜金矿区——多龙矿集区地处西藏改则县西北部,班公湖-怒江缝合带北缘多不扎地区。早先西藏1∶25万物玛幅区调工作对多龙矿集区做过详细调查,填补了该缝合带北部研究的空白。近来区域地质调查发现,该区原先厘定的下侏罗统曲色组内出露早白垩世流纹岩夹层。流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为118.8±1.4Ma,表明该套夹火山岩沉积地层的形成时代为早白垩世。这一发现补充了南羌塘早白垩世岩浆活动记录,为研究多龙矿集区成矿地质背景和班公湖-怒江洋演化提供了重要线索。初步研究认为,在中生代增生杂岩广泛出露的多龙矿集区,该套地层很可能代表一套早白垩世增生杂岩,同时也可能是同时期区域伸展环境下重沉积的产物。     

Palaeoproterozoic A-type magmatism in northern Wuyishan terrane,Southeast China: petrogenesis and tectonic implications

ABSTRACT

In this article we present zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopes, and whole-rock geochemistry of the Longzhu rhyolite porphyry from the Cathaysia Block, Southeast China to constrain its petrogenesis and provide insights into the early Precambrian tectonic evolution of the Cathaysia Block. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating of a representative sample yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb age of 1819 ± 16 Ma, interpreted as the crystallization age of the Longzhu rhyolite porphyry. Zircons from this sample have ε_Hf(t) values ranging from – 8.4 to – 2.2 and T^Hf_DM2 model ages from 2.76 to 2.46 Ga. The whole-rock Nd isotopic data from the Longzhu rhyolite porphyries yield ε_Nd(t) values spanning – 6.3 to – 4.7 and T^Nd_DM2 model ages from 2.81 to 2.69 Ga. The rhyolite porphyries have geochemical features similar to those of the typical A-type granites (rhyolites), with high SiO₂, total alkali contents and FeO^t/MgO ratios, and low CaO and MgO contents. Additionally, the rhyolite porphyries have high total rare earth element concentrations (627 ~ 760 ppm), high (La/Yb)_N values (14.5 ~ 26.9), strongly negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.28 ~ 0.41), and display enrichments of Rb, Ga, Th, and U and depletions of Sr, Nb, Ta, Eu, and Ti. The geochemical and Nd-Hf isotopic features suggest that the Palaeoproterozoic Longzhu rhyolite porphyries were generated by partial melting of source rocks similar to those of the Badu Complex in an intra-plate extensional setting. The results from this study, when combined with existing geochronological data, further demonstrate that the Palaeoproterozoic rocks of Wuyishan terrane probably represent a remnant of the Columbia supercontinent.     

内蒙古西乌旗地区大石寨组火山岩时代及地球化学特征

西乌旗地区大石寨组火山岩以流纹岩为主,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测定结果及全岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果表明,本区流纹岩的年龄为280.3Ma±1.4Ma,形成于早二叠世;大石寨组火山岩属高钾过铝质钙碱性火山岩,其中SiO2、K2O、Al2O3含量均较高。稀土元素配分曲线总体向右缓倾斜,轻稀土元素相对于重稀土元素富集,Eu呈明显的负异常,重稀土元素亏损不明显。Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素富集明显,Ba表现为弱亏损,高场强元素具有明显的Ta、Sr、P及Ti亏损,Zr、Hf相对富集。研究认为,该地区流纹岩可能是由玄武岩、安山岩等中基性火山岩分离结晶作用形成的,且形成的构造环境为大陆边缘弧。