福建德化东洋矿区金矿的发现与找矿意义

德化县东洋矿区金矿位于东南沿海中生代火山岩带中,为近年来发现的规模较大的金矿床。矿体主要赋存于次流纹斑岩及外接触带附近,为火山-次火山热液型金矿床。矿体呈不规则状、透镜状和脉状,矿石组分简单,品位偏低,工程控制和推(预)测金金属量可达大型,随着找矿勘查工作的深入,区内金矿规模将会进一步扩大。     

83 Ma rhyolite from Mindoro – evidence for Late Yanshanian magmatism in the Palawan Continental Terrane (Philippines)

The discovery of a low‐grade meta‐rhyolite with an age of 83 ± 1 Ma documents a so‐far unknown episode of magmatism in northern Mindoro Island, which is located at the northeastern edge of the Palawan Continental Terrane. This terrane is thought to have rifted from Southeast China in the Oligocene as a result of the opening of the South China Sea. Rhyolite volcanism was widespread in southeastern China in the Cretaceous; hence this discovery provides the first direct link between the geological evolution of the Palawan Continental Terrane and Southeast China in Cretaceous time. In addition, it provides further evidence that the northeastern part of Mindoro is indeed part of the Palawan Continental Terrane and not part of the Philippine Mobile Belt to the east, a previously contentious issue.     

江西相山铀矿田河元背地区流纹斑岩地球化学、锆石U Pb年龄及Hf Sr Nd同位素特征

在江西相山铀矿田河元背地区实施的CUSD3钻孔,发现其深部存在晚期侵入到打鼓顶组流纹英安岩、凝灰岩、泥质粉砂岩中的流纹斑岩。利用激光等离子质谱分析技术(LA ICP MS)测得流纹斑岩的锆石206Pb/238U年龄为(1318±07)Ma (MSWD=041),晚于前人所测的鹅湖岭组碎斑流纹岩年龄。该流纹斑岩具有高硅、富钾、铝过饱和等特点,还表现出高场强元素Rb、Th、U、La、Ce、Nd和LREE富集,Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti等元素亏损以及δEu明显负异常的特点。锆石的εHf(t)值介于 -677~-1038之间,对应的二阶段Hf模式年龄TDMC介于1 619~1 846 Ma,岩石的ISr值为0710 92~0712 01,εNd(t)值为-818~-919。其稀土元素、微量元素分布模式及同位素特征与前人报道的碎斑流纹岩特征类似,暗示流纹斑岩与碎斑流纹岩具有相同的物质来源。以上特征说明河元背地区流纹斑岩形成于早白垩世造山运动碰撞后伸展阶段,为深部硅铝质地壳部分熔融的产物。相山西部流纹斑岩的发现,可以推测该区或许存在一个次级火山机构。     

Late Cretaceous basalts and rhyolites from Shimaoshan Group in eastern Fujian Province,SE China: age,petrogenesis, and tectonic implications

ABSTRACT

Southeastern China is characterized by an extensive Late Mesozoic (Yanshanian) tectono-magmatic-metallogenic event. Although Late Cretaceous volcanism gradually weakened during the epilogue of the Yanshanian event, its petrogenesis and geodynamic processes remain unclear. In this study, we present new zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic, whole-rock elemental, and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions data, for volcanic rocks from the Zhaixia Formation of the Shimaoshan Group in Fujian Province. The lower member of the Zhaixia Formation consists of basalts and rhyolites, and the upper member is only rhyolites. These volcanic rocks erupted in the early stage of Late Cretaceous, with basalts erupting earlier (ca. 99–98 Ma) than rhyolites (ca. 98–94 Ma). These basalts record high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic, light rare earth element (LREE)- and LILE-enrichment, high field strength element (HFSE)depletion with negligible Eu anomalies, and uniform whole-rock ε_Nd(t) (–3 to –6) and zircon ε_Hf(t) (–3.3 to –14.1) values. The overlying rhyolites record peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline characteristics, LREE- and LILE-enrichment with negative Eu anomalies, and Nb–Ta depletion. The whole-rock ε_Nd(t) and zircon ε_Hf(t) values of these rhyolites both increase from the lower member (ε_Nd(t), –1.5 to –4.7; ε_Hf(t), –5.1 to –16.1) to the upper member (ε_Nd(t), –0.5 to 0.1; ε_Hf(t), –0.3 to –4.3). The features imply that these basalts were derived from the partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle and the overlying rhyolites from the melting of the crustal components, respectively. Data from the rhyolites in the upper member indicate that more juvenile, Nd–Hf isotopically depleted materials were injected into their source. During the Late Cretaceous, the new, fast rollback of the subducting slab triggered lithospheric extension and asthenospheric upwelling beneath the coastal regions, which induced the melting of lithospheric mantle and crustal components. As continued, the new round of basaltic underplating provided necessary heat to cause partial melting of the deep crust, including the younger, juvenile, and isotopically depleted crustal components.     

Mantle derived crystal-poor rhyolitic ignimbrites: Eruptive mechanism from geochemical and geochronological data of the Piedra Parada caldera,Southern Argentina

Trace elements, isotopic modeling and U-Th-Pb SHRIMP zircon age constraints are used to reconstruct the eruption history and magmatic processes of the Piedra Parada Caldera. In the early Eocene, the crystal-poor Barda Colorada ignimbrite(BCI), having 15% micro-porphyritic crystals with respect to magmatic components, erupted a volume estimated in more than 300 km~3. The Piedra Parada caldera is located in the Patagonian Andes foreland, at the southern end of the calderas field of the Pilcaniyeu Volcanic Belt(PVB). This belt is related to an extensional tectonic setting as a result of the collision of the Farallon-Aluk ridge with South America, which enabled the development of a transform ocean/continental plate margin followed by the detachment of the Aluk plate and the opening of a slab window. The BCI extra-caldera Plateau is a 100 m thick deposit, having a lower unit with high silica(Si O_2 76 wt.%),potassium poor rhyolitic composition(trondhjemitic like magma), and an upper unit with normal to high potassium rhyolitic composition(granitic like magma). A trace elements modeling of the BCI units shows that the BCI lower and upper units did not evolve from fractionation or immiscibility in the shallow magma reservoir. The BCI also have a primitive isotopic signature(initial87 Sr/86 Sr =0.7031-0.7049 and ε_(Nd)= +3.4 to +3.65). Thus, tectonic, compositional and isotopic constraints suggest the fast ascent of high silica magmas to a shallow reservoir, and point to an upper mantle origin for these rhyolitic magmas in a transitional(Orogenic-Anorogenic) tectono-magmatic setting. U-Th-Pb SHRIMP zircon crystallization ages of the Syn-caldera stage BCI units(56 -51.5 Ma) show a protracted life of 5 Ma for this caldera reservoir. The age of 52.9 ± 0.3 Ma is considered the best fit for the possible maximum age for the caldera collapse. The Late-caldera magmatism has trachyandesitic and rhyolitic compositions.The trace element modeling suggests that these rhyolites evolve from the trachyandesites and do not evolve from the BCI residual magma. The trachyandesites have U-Th-Pb SHRIMP zircon crystallization ages of 52 ± 1 Ma, suggesting that the caldera eruption was triggered by the arrival of the trachyandesitic magma.     

河北沽源张麻井铀-钼矿床围岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

沽源-红山子铀成矿带河北沽源张麻井铀-钼矿床赋存在张家口组第三段流纹岩与流纹斑岩、石英斑岩的接触带附近,主要受隐爆角砾岩控制。研究表明,张麻井铀-钼矿床赋矿流纹岩、流纹斑岩和石英斑岩的锆石具有清晰的环带结构,Th/U比值高,属典型的岩浆成因锆石。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,流纹岩12颗锆石的206Pb/238U年龄变化范围为136~144 Ma,加权平均年龄为(138.6±1.4)Ma(MSWD=2.4);流纹斑岩11颗锆石的206Pb/238U年龄变化范围为136~145 Ma,加权平均年龄为(140.2±1.6)Ma(MSWD=2.2);石英斑岩11颗锆石的206Pb/238U年龄变化范围为132~147 Ma,加权平均年龄为(136.2±2.9)Ma(MSWD=1.8)。由此可见,流纹岩、流纹斑岩和石英斑岩的同位素年龄在误差范围内一致,指示火山喷发和斑岩就位发生在早白垩世早期,与滨西太平洋成矿域以火山岩为赋矿主岩的热液型铀矿的围岩形成时代一致,沽源-红山子铀成矿带早白垩世早期次火山岩与同期火山岩的接触带附近是寻找铀矿的有利空间。     

藏南扎西康矿区流纹岩的岩石地球化学、 锆石U Pb测年和Hf同位素组成

本文对藏南扎西康铅锌锑银矿区流纹岩进行详细的岩石地球化学、锆石U Pb年代学和Hf同位素组成研究。详细的地球化学特征显示,扎西康流纹岩具有富硅（SiO2=73.37%~77.08%）、贫碱（Na2O+K2O=3.48%~3.56%）,贫Mg（MgO=0.36%~0.49%）,贫Ca（CaO=0.50%~0.66%）,强过铝质（A/CNK=2.16~2.62）, 富集Rb、Th、U、Pb等大离子亲石元素及Hf、Nd等高场强元素,并明显亏损Sr、Ti等元素。稀土总量较高（∑REE=295.71×10-6~343.82×10-6）,轻稀土富集,且轻重稀土分异明显（LREE/HREE=10.00~12.62）,弱负Eu异常（δEu=0.57~0.88）,无明显Ce异常。采用LA MC ICP MS对流纹岩锆石U Pb年龄进行测定,岩体成岩年龄为135.33±0.62Ma。锆石εHf(t)值较低,主要集中在-9.5~-24.2,显示其物源为壳源。扎西康矿区出露的流纹岩形成于早白垩世,可能是Comei—Bunury大火成岩省的一部分。     

长江中下游金牛盆地花岗斑岩和流纹斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

金牛盆地位于鄂东南矿集区,是长江中下游成矿带重要的火山岩盆地之一.相对宁芜和庐枞盆地,金牛盆地找矿一直没有取得重大突破,对其中次火山岩的年代学、成因和成矿属性的研究也很少.本次选择盆地中心吴佰浩地区深部钻孔中的花岗斑岩和流纹斑岩,开展锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素的研究工作,获得了流纹斑岩锆石206Pb/238U的加权平均年龄为128±1Ma (n=14,MSWD=2.5),锆石Hf同位素(176Hf/177Hf),和εHf(t)分别为0.28247～0.28262和-2.5～ -7.7;花岗斑岩锆石206 Pb/238U的加权平均年龄为129±1Ma (n=12,MSWD=1.3),锆石Hf同位素(176Hf/177Hf),和εHf(t)分别为0.28239～0.28259和-3.6～-10.7.本文确定金牛盆地中流纹斑岩和花岗斑岩的形成时代为129～128Ma,与金牛盆地火山岩的形成时代(130～125Ma)相当,暗示金牛盆地火山岩和次火山岩均形成于早白垩世,流纹斑岩和花岗斑岩是壳幔混合的产物.金牛盆地火山岩的形成时代与宁芜、、庐枞盆地相当,次火山岩的形成时代也与宁芜、庐枞盆地玢岩铁矿的成矿岩体相当.提出金牛盆地除应关注玢岩铁矿外,更应该关注与次火山岩有关的热液金矿.     

甘肃北山白山堂矿区流纹斑岩的U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,甘肃北山南部白山堂矿区流纹斑岩的形成年龄为374.9±2.3Ma(MSWD=1.5)。地球化学特征显示流纹斑岩呈钙碱性、过铝质,具高硅(70%～74%)、高钾(4.34%～8.75%)和低钙(0.13%～1.16%)含量特点,铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.12～1.65,稀土配分曲线上表现为左高右低,负Eu异常明显,大离子亲石元素相对富集,Nb,Ta,Sr,P,Ti亏损。结合前人Sr-Nd同位素分析认为,该岩体起源于古老的地壳物质部分熔融。非常低Sr、高Yb的特征表明岩体形成时的压力较低,深度较浅,全岩锆石饱和温度约为750℃。结合区域地质分析认为,该岩体与北山南部柳园埃达克岩、墩墩山地区岛弧火山岩具有一致的成岩年龄,形成于陆缘火山弧环境。