水泥—丙烯酸盐复合浆液的实验性研究

水泥-丙烯酸盐复合浆液是在丙烯酸盐浆液的基础上研制出来的一种复合浆液，它既保留了丙烯酸盐浆液流动性好，固结体弹性好的优点，又大幅度地提高了浆液的抗压强度和粘结强度，因此在注浆时可以带来良好的综合灌注效果，还对复合浆液的粘度和强度进行了试验性研究。     

平极长期漂移与地球平均下地幔黏性估计

利用9个国际纬度观测站的平纬长期变化序列,重新讨论并估计了平极的长期漂移,得到漂移的平均速率为(3.356“±0.142”)×l0-3/a,方向为西经78.7°±2.5°.进一步基于最新的ICE-4G冰期后地壳反弹模型,采用地球上8个冰盖的冰融参数,估计了理论的平极长期漂移方向为西经74.8°.由观测的平极长期漂移速率为约束,基于1066B地球模型,估计得到地球平均下地幔的黏性为vLM=(0.5-1.7)×1022Pa^.s,表明vLM应具有近1022Pa^.s量级,并认为地球平极的长期漂移很可能是由最近的21000年以来冰期后的地壳反弹所致.     

Latent heat effects of the major mantle phase transitions on low-angle subduction

Very low to zero shallow dip angles are observed at several moderately young subduction zones with an active trenchward moving overriding plate. We have investigated the effects of latent heat for this situation, where mantle material is pushed through the major mantle phase transitions during shallow low-angle subduction below the overriding plate. The significance of the buoyancy forces, arising from the latent heat effects, on the dynamics of the shallowly subducting slab is examined by numerical modeling. When a 32-Ma-old slab is overridden with 2.5 cm/yr by a continent, flat subduction occurs with a 4–5 cm/yr convergence rate. When latent heat is included in the model, forced downwellings cause a thermal anomaly and consequently thermal and phase buoyancy forces. Under these circumstances, the flat slab segment subducts horizontally about 350 km further and for about 11 Ma longer than in the case without latent heat, before it breaks through the 400-km phase transition. The style of subduction strongly depends on the mantle rheology: increasing the mantle viscosity by one order of magnitude can change the style of subduction from steep to shallow. Similarly, an overriding velocity of less than 1 cm/yr leads to steep subduction, which gradually changes to flat subduction when increasing the overriding velocity. However, these model parameters do not change the aforementioned effect of the latent heat, provided that low-angle subduction occurs. In all models latent heat resulted in a substantial increase of the flat slab length by 300–400 km. Varying the olivine–spinel transition Clapeyron slope γ from 1 to 6 MPa/K reveals a roughly linear relation between γ and the horizontal length of the slab. Based on these results, we conclude that buoyancy forces due to latent heat of phase transitions play an important role in low-angle subduction below an overriding plate.     

A SIMPLIFIED APPROACH TO MODELING 3D SEDIMENT-LADEN TURBULENT FLOWS

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地壳岩石与矿物的流变性研究综述

地壳岩石与矿物的流变性主要受温度的控制，其次是受其成分的控制。在深部地壳高温环境下，岩石和矿物的流变性较强，应变相对均匀分布。在浅部地壳中，它们的粘滞性及各自间的粘滞性比显著增强，而流变性减弱，应变逐渐集中于适合流变和变形的岩石与矿物。流变性的这种变化导致了露头各种构造形迹的变化，如皱、布丁和剪切带等，以及各种显微构造特征的变化（如：变形矿物、压力影和膝折等）。岩石与矿物的这种物性概念在地质学中的运用，实质是将构造变形样式的形成机理分析趋于定量化和综合研究。     

Reflection and transmission ofSH waves in an initially stressed medium consisting of a sandy layer lying over a fluid-saturated porous solid

Biot's theory is employed to study the reflection and transmission ofSH waves in a sandy layer lying over a fluid-saturated porous solid half-space. The entire medium is considered under constant initial stress. Effects of sandiness, initial stress, anelasticity and viscosity of the interstitial fluid on the partitioning of energy are studied. In the presence of initial stress the incident wave starts attenuating when incider beyond a certain angle (depending upon the amount of initial stress), even if the medium is perfectly clastic. Anelasticity of the solid layer results in the dissipation of energy during transmission. The direction of attenuation vector of incident wave affects the dissipation energy to a large extent. Effect on partitioning of energy reverse at incidence after the critical angle. A complete account of energy returmed back to the underlying half-space and that which is dissipated in the overlying layer has been discussed analytically as well as numerically.     

Flow Characteristics of Large-Scale Liquefaction-Slip of the Loess Strata in Shibei Tableland, Guyuan City, Induced by the 1920 Haiyuan M8 1/2 Earthquake

Based on the dynamic triaxial liquefaction test of the loess samples which are taken from Shibei tableland, Guyuan City, Ningxia, China, the characteristics of dynamic strain, dynamic stress and pore water pressure are studied under cyclic loading. Triaxial shear test is conducted immediately after the sample reaches liquefaction point. During the test, the property of the liquefied soil is analyzed through fluid mechanics method, whereby the fluidity of the liquefied soil is represented by apparent viscosity.The results show that the fluidity of liquefied loess changes from "shear thickening" to "shear thinning" as the shear force continues, and the fluidity of liquefied loess is closely related to its structure. In addition, in the process of forming a new stable state, the apparent viscosity and deviant stress change with axial strain in a similar approach. When the sample reaches its stable state, it meanwhile shows a relatively stable apparent viscosity. According to the fluid mechanics and the law of conservation of energy, the slip distance of the liquefied soil is estimated, and the results are in good agreement with the field investigation results.