Leaf area index retrieval based on canopy reflectance and vegetation index in eastern China

The aim of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using Landsat TM data to retrieve leaf area index (LAI). To get a LAI retrieval model based ground reflectance and vegetation index, detailed field data were collected in the study area of eastern China, dominated by bamboo, tea plant and greengage. Plant canopy reflectance of Landsat TM wavelength bands has been inversed using software of 6S. LAI is an important ecological parameter. In this paper, atmospheric corrected Landsat TM imagery was utilized to calculate different vegetation indices (VI), such as simple ratio vegetation index (SR), shortwave infrared modified simple ratio (MSR), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Data of 53 samples of LAI were measured by LAI-2000 (LI-COR) in the study area. LAI was modeled based on different reflectances of bands and different vegetation indices from Landsat TM and LAI samples data. There are certainly correlations between LAI and the reflectance of Tm3, TM4, TM5 and TM7. The best model through analyzing the results is LAI = 1.2097*MSR + 0.4741 using the method of regression analysis. The result shows that the correlation coefficient R2 is 0.5157, and average accuracy is 85.75%. However, whether the model of this paper is suitable for application in subtropics needs to be verified in the future.     

Analysis of multi-dimensional SAR for determining the thickness of thin sea ice in the Bohai Sea

Flat thin ice (<30 cm thick) is a common ice type in the Bohai Sea, China. Ice thickness detection is important to offshore exploration and marine transport in winter. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can be used to acquire sea ice data in all weather conditions, and it is a useful tool for monitoring sea ice conditions. In this paper, we combine a multi-layered sea ice electromagnetic (EM) scattering model with a sea ice thermodynamic model to assess the determination of the thickness of flat thin ice in the Bohai Sea using SAR at different frequencies, polarization, and incidence angles. Our modeling studies suggest that co-polarization backscattering coefficients and the co-polarized ratio can be used to retrieve the thickness of flat thin ice from C- and X-band SAR, while the co-polarized correlation coefficient can be used to retrieve flat thin ice thickness from L-, C-, and X-band SAR. Importantly, small or moderate incidence angles should be chosen to avoid the effect of speckle noise.     

基于南海北部海区浮游植物吸收光谱斜率变化的粒级结构反演

浮游植物的粒级结构是一个重要的生物参数。基于南海北部海区不同水体环境下测量的生物光学数据, 作者深入研究了粒级结构对浮游植物吸收光谱的影响。结果表明, 选择443和510nm波段计算得到的浮游植物光谱斜率S对粒级结构的变化具有较高的敏感性, 其随着小型浮游植物比例的增大呈不断增加的趋势。S与水体叶绿素a浓度、浮游植物吸收系数(aph(443))之间表现出明显的正相关特征。以40%为界对不同粒级浮游植物的优势进行定义, 发现在S与叶绿素a浓度、aph(443)的关系分布中小型(Micro)和微微型(Pico)浮游植物占据优势的水体表现出较为明显的分界, 叶绿素a浓度和aph(443)分别在0.70mg•m-3和0.05m-1附近, 相应的S在0.0004(m•nm)-1左右。基于实测数据建立的遥感反射率蓝绿波段比值与S之间的统计关系, 决定系数高达0.91, 为从水色遥感数据反演浮游植物粒级结构提供了重要手段。     

Parameterization of the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium source function with chemical production by an equivalent two-level model

The classic two-level or equivalent two-level model that includes only the statistical equilibriumof radiative and thermal processes of excitation and quenching between two vibrational energy levelsis extended by adding chemical production to the rate equations. The modifications to the non-localthermodynamic equilibrium source function and cooling rate are parameterized by φc, which characterizesthe ratio of chemical production to collisional quenching. For applications of broadband emission of O3 at9.6 μm, the non-LTE effect of chemical production on the cooling rate and limb emission is proportionalto the ratio of O to O3. For a typical [O]/[O3], the maximum enhancements of limb radiance and coolingrate are about 15%-30% and 0.03-0.05 K day-1, respectively, both occurring near the mesopause regions.This suggests that the broadband limb radiance above ～80 km is sensitive to O3 density but not sensitiveto the direct cooling rate along the line-of-sight, which makes O3 retrieval feasible but the direct coolingrate retrieval difficult by using the O3 9.6 μm band limb emission.     

应用CDOM光学特性估算水体COD——以辽宁省盘锦市双台子河和辽东湾为例

有色可溶性有机物(chromophoric dissolved organic matter,CDOM)是水体中一类重要的光吸收物质,在水色遥感中,其光学特性主要以440 nm处的吸收系数和光谱斜率来表征,利用这些光学特性进行水环境要素遥感反演具有较广泛的应用前景.化学需氧量(chemical oxygen deman...     

基于分块分形编码的多姿态、表情人脸图像检索

利用图像分形编码中定义域块和最小均方误差一一对应的特点,提出了1种基于分形编码的多姿态、表情的人脸图像检索方法。该方法将待检索图像分割为相同大小的值域块,然后将每一值域块按给定的定义域块进行分形编码,得到最小均方误差,计算该最小均方误差与图像库中最小均方误差的欧氏距离。将待检索图像所有值域块的欧氏距离求平均,此平均欧氏距离较小的几幅图像即为检索出的图像。实验证明该方法能够准确地检索出图像库中存储的同一人的不同姿态、表情的图像。     

基于RTTOV模式的大气二氧化碳反演参数敏感性分析

大气二氧化碳是开展全球气候变化和碳循环研究的关键数据。卫星遥感技术与模式模拟相结合的反演方法已成为获取该数据的重要手段,但模式输入参数本身的误差会对大气二氧化碳反演精度产生影响,须在反演算法设计中加以关注。本文利用RTTOV10快速辐射传输模式模拟Aqua/AIRS红外探测仪17个大气二氧化碳反演通道,计算了这些通道上大气顶出射辐射对温度廓线、臭氧廓线、水汽廓线、地表温度和地表发射率的参数误差的不确定性,并与二氧化碳增加0.5%时造成的不确定性进行对比,分析二氧化碳对上述参数误差的敏感性。结果表明,温度廓线误差是干扰AIRS大气二氧化碳反演的主要因素,其次是臭氧廓线误差,而水汽廓线、地表温度和地表发射率的误差对二氧化碳反演的影响在除去个别通道后可忽略不计。最后,本文以通道为单位,确定了各通道上的高敏感参数、敏感参数和不敏感参数,为二氧化碳反演通道的选择和反演算法的设计提供了参考。     

海域地名采集编辑系统的设计与实现

针对我国S-57标准电子海图生产中海域地名数据修编存在的手工操作效率低、准确性不高现状,结合海洋测绘生产体系,研究开发海域地名采集编辑系统.系统在可视化显示基础上,实现地名实体数据多边形拓扑构造、编辑、修改,并实现地名属性与图形的双向查询.满足与目前S-57标准电子海图生产系统数据的互通、对接,可提高生产效率和自动化水...     

风云三号 (02) 批卫星微波氧气吸收通道降水特性

我国新一代极轨业务气象卫星风云三号 (02) 批计划2012年发射。该文利用UWNMS模拟2005年Katrina飓风的结果作为基础数据集,借助VDISORT微波辐射传输模式对风云三号 (02) 批计划装载的微波探测仪器中50~60 GHz和新增的118.75 GHz频点的降水特性进行初步研究。首先通过晴空权重函数匹配,选择出50~60 GHz与118.75 GHz频点匹配关系较好的4对通道。敏感性分析表明:各通道对各种水凝物粒子均很敏感,可用于改进现有业务降水反演算法。分别选取50~60 GHz 4个通道、118.75 GHz 4个通道、50~60 GHz及118.75 GHz全部通道3种不同的通道组合进行反演试验。结果表明:将50~60 GHz及118.75 GHz通道联合起来进行降水反演可提高降水反演的精度,并可以更好地区分降水区与非降水区。