Local state restructuring and urban transformation in post-apartheid Cape Town

This paper analyzes processes of state restructuring at the scale of the local state and the city, exploring the social and political relationships generated through processes of reconstruction specifically in Elsies River, a formerly segregated `coloured' neighborhood in Cape Town. While the relationship between Elsies River residents and the local state has been characterized by an obsessive focus on housing debt, I examine the ways in which antagonism over housing problems overlie a broader relational disjuncture between neighborhood and state political and social networks. The specificity of this case provides a lens onto the ways in which processes of state restructuring both contest and reinforce racial, economic, and place-based inequalities in South African cities. The paper concludes by using the complexities of local state-neighborhood relationships in the South African case to reflect on geographical theories of state-society relations on a conceptual level. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

DLG数据模型自动转换程序设计

基于国家测绘地理信息局试运行的《1∶10000（1∶5000）基础地理信息地形要素数据规范》和山东现有数据标准情况,通过研究编码转换、数据结构重组等的自动处理方法,开发了基于山东省1∶1万数字线划图(DLG)数据特点的自动模型转换处理程序,总结了DLG数据模型自动转换的方法。     

URBAN CHANGE,CIRCUITS OF CAPITAL,AND UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT*

The circuits of capital/uneven development model is widely used in geography, urban planning, and the social sciences. Its principal weakness is its marginalizing of local influences in explaining the intensity and patterning of metropolitan investment. A deeper consideration of local culture, politics, and biographies is needed to sensitize the model to the particularities of place. Local creative actors set in motion place-specific forms of change whose logic is tied to structured circumstances.     

制造业企业区位选择与南京城市空间重构

企业区位选择研究是从微观角度理解城市结构变动的重要视角,本文构造了一个制造业区位选择作用于城市空间重构的理论框架,并以南京为例进行了实证研究.在理论框架的基础上,首先采用计量模型检验了制造业企业郊区化扩散和重新集聚一系列影响要素,其次从要素空间分布及集聚经济的角度分析制造业的扩散和集聚的微观行为对城市空间重构的作用机制.研究发现,由于土地有偿使用、城市外围交通改善、政府"退二进三"的规划管理、城市开发区建设等因素的作用,南京制造业明显的郊区化扩散和集聚,对南京城市的郊区化和空间重构具有显著影响.研究还发现,污染密集型制造业较其他制造业具有更加强烈的郊区化趋势,这对提升城市功能和改善城市环境具有重要意义.     

Milking the Plains: movement of large dairy operations into southwestern Kansas

Western Kansas has an historical identification with cattle, with a focus on cattle ranching and more specifically since the 1950s, beef-cattle feedlots. Since the mid-1990s large dairy operations have moved into southwestern Kansas. Today more than twenty large dairies house more than 70,000 milk cows. These operate as confined feeding operations similar to beef-cattle feedlots. Regional advantages for the dairy industry include affordable land with wide-open space, local residents' cattle- and dairy-friendly attitudes, and other factors. Regional promoters have actively recruited dairies, and a dairy-business support system has emerged. The prospects for continued expansion of dairies in southwestern Kansas are unclear; despite the locational advantages and the possibility that the industry may continue to relocate here, as did the cattle-feeding industry several decades ago, further moves into the area may depend on continued resources availability and additional infrastructure development.     

Patterns of Growth and Change: Depicting the Impacts of Restructuring in Idaho

Geographers and other social scientists investigating the impact of economic and demographic restructuring have tended to focus on urban metropolitan areas. There has been much less exploration of the local impacts of such change in largely nonmetropolitan locales. Many of these nonmetropolitan regions, however, are some of the fastest growing in the U.S. This article addresses this issue by examining, at the county level, economic and population trends in the state of Idaho. Generally recognized for its agricultural outputs (such as potatoes), Idaho experienced a population growth rate of 18.1 percent during the 1990s, making it one of the fastest growing states in the U.S. However, population growth and the associated changes in the local economy were unevenly distributed across the state. This article develops a typology of growth and change, indicating patterns of growth related to two predominant trends: high–tech footloose capital investment and amenity– and tourism–related residential development. Implications of this analysis for future research are discussed.     

城市产业结构优化的纵向测度与横向诊断模型及应用——以北京市为例

优化、高效的城市产业结构是城市经济社会全面发展的必备条件。本文基于数据包络分析模型构建包括10个投入指标、4个产出指标的城市产业结构优化纵向测度指标体系,基于因子分析模型构建由1个目标层、4个标准层和16个指标层构成的城市产业结构优化横向诊断指标体系,并以北京市为例进行实证分析,旨在为城市产业结构优化升级、经济发展方式转变提供科学指导。研究表明:①改革开放30年来,北京市产业结构优化程度一直处于较高水平,仅1991、2004年出现资源过度投入而规模收益递减现象,1987、1995、1996年出现资源有效利用不足而规模收益递增现象;②产业效率、产业效益、产业科技、产业优势是影响北京市各区县产业结构优化程度的主要因子;③由于产业效率水平高且对产业结构优化的贡献大,北京市中心城区和近郊区的整体产业结构优化程度明显高于远郊区县;④北京市各区县在产业效率、产业效益、产业科技、产业优势等分项指标各具优劣,应通过差异化发展促进各区县乃至城市的产业结构优化升级。     

我国区域发展空间重组与构建中原经济区

通过对我国发展空间变化的历程分析,探讨了我国不同历史阶段发展空间的组织形式及其动力机制。认为,我国正经历着一轮新的产业发展空间重组过程,核心动力来自于我国扩大内需战略实施、科学发展观贯彻落实和主体功能区划的国土空间开发思路。中部地区将成为我国新一轮空间重组过程的中心区域,获得新的发展动力,在今后较长时间内成为我国经济发展的重要支撑点。中原经济区是其空间组织核心区域之一,目前虽有政策边缘地区之不利,但具有巨大的政策创新空间,其建设对我国发展空间组织优化及其相关政策选择具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

Globalization, the bioscience industry and local environmental responses

Recent controversy over the introduction of genetically modified crops and their subsequent incorporation into foods has led to major popular debate and discussion. Despite this, there has been relatively little academic discussion of the background to these developments. In this paper it is argued that such developments need to be seen in the context of restructuring activity within the new ‘biosciences industry’ and closely linked to the globalization of such corporate activity and the drive for the liberalization of trade. By contrast, the reaction to genetically modified foods and seeds has typically been national or local in scope, and limited in its effectiveness.     

Meteorological Observations in 2001 at the Arctic Station,Qeqertarsuaq (69°15′N), Central West Greenland/Measuring calving in Icefall Lake,SE Greenland,using a "Diver" pressure transducer with a built-in datalogger

Danish Journal of Geography 96: 103–109, 1996.

Much of the current interest in processes of restructuring evolves around issues of changing occupational and social structures. While there is broad agreement that economic restructuring has produced a new occupational structure in the Western World, there is a great deal of controversy characterizing the changing structure. This is to be expected since we leave behind us a well-known social structure and are entering another which is still in the process of being shaped.

It is suggested in this article that if one is to comprehend the complexity involved when discussing these issues a fruitful starting point would be different welfare state regimes. Furthermore, it is suggested that different types of welfare states produce different occupational structures and to varying degrees, and for various reasons, do they lead to social polarisation. Thus, differences within welfare slate regimes can explain why we are experiencing divergent trajectories in employment and social stratification.