车载GPS虚拟观测值求解航向角方法

如何提高利用GPS获取车载系统航向角的精度是当前研究的热点之一。本文介绍了一种利用固定基线长的双GPS天线求车载航向角的新方法,该方法针对GPS的误差特点并结合"当前"统计模型,建立了适合航向角滤波的系统方程,然后利用卡尔曼滤波来消除航向角噪声,并且将基线长约束引入模型建立虚拟观测值进行处理。结果表明,该方法显著地提高了的航向角精度。     

Bacterial communities fluctuate in abundance and diversity under simulated oil-contaminated seawater conditions

Marine bacteria have recently been identified as a potent solution for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in response to hazardous oceanic oil spills. In this study, a mesocosm experiment simulating a petroleum spill event was performed to investigate changes in the abundance, structure, and productivity of bacterial communities in response to oil pollution. Cultured heterotrophic bacteria and total bacteria showed a consistent trend involving an immediate decrease in abundance, followed by a slight increase, and a steady low-level thereafter. However, the changing trend of bacterial productivity based on bacterial biomass and bacterial volume showed the opposite trend. In addition, the density of oil-degrading bacteria increased initially, then subsequently declined. The change in the bacterial community structure at day 0 and day 28 were also analyzed by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), which indicated that the species diversity of the bacterial community changed greatly after oil pollution. Alphaproteobacteria (40.98%) replaced Epsilonproteobacteria (51.10%) as the most abundant class, and Gammaproteobacteria (38.80%) became the second most dominant class in the whole bacterial community. The bacterial communities in oil-contaminated seawater (32 genera) became much more complex than those found in the natural seawater sample (16 genera). The proportion of petroleum-degrading bacteria in the oil-contaminated seawater also increased. In this study, culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches were combined to elucidate changes in both bacterial productivity and community structure. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the role that bacteria play in material cycling and degradation in response to oil pollution.     

路径优化算法在外卖配送中的应用

在物流行业特别是外卖配送行业中,配送员希望经过餐厅点与客户点的路线尽可能短,且各目的地之间的访问存在顺序限制等特点,本文提出一种具有顺序限制的路径优化算法。该算法首先基于最邻近算法产生初始路径,然后使用LK算法进行优化,最后依据问题特点,使用末端-2-opt方法进行二次优化。试验结果表明,算法能有效缩短初始路径长度,提供较为优良的可行路径,能够有效提升配送员的工作效率,具有一定的实用价值。     

梁的约束对液化场地桥台震害模式的影响分析

为深入研究液化场地梁的约束对桥台震害模式的影响,首先在对唐山地震中胜利桥震害调查的基础上,采用有限元软件UWLC对该桥震害进行数值模拟分析,并将数值模拟结果与实际震害结果进行对比验证。研究结果表明:数值模拟结果与实际震害结果基本一致,说明采用UWLC软件进行震害数值模拟分析是可行的。然后对有、无桩基条件下梁的约束力和液化层厚度对桥台震害模式的影响分别进行数值模拟分析。研究结果表明:在地震作用下,桥梁发生落梁破坏后会导致桥台的滑移破坏更为严重。与无桩基的重力式桥台不同,桩基桥台的震害模式均表现为前倾式破坏,这主要是因为桩基础限制了桥台底部的水平移动。梁的约束力对桩基桥台震后残余位移的影响程度要明显小于无桩基桥台。对于重力式桥台,液化砂层对地震波的中高频段有一定滤波作用,反映出液化层的减震作用;而对于桩基桥台,由于桩-土-台身的相互作用,液化砂层的减震效果不明显。     

Extraction of plasmid-like DNA and high-quality total DNA from Porphyra yezoensis

I~ODWrIONExtraction of DNA from Porphyra po~nsis is very difficult due tO its high content ofpolysaccharides. TO avoid the interference Of POlysaccharides, HOng et al. (1992) used LiCI tosoften Porphyra thalli cells to release DNA directly without lysing the thalli, hoWever, the procedure is problematic in the isolation of high-quality DNA. Kitade et al. (1996) established a complicated procedure which includes the grindiflg of material in liquid nitrogen, lysing of material inextra…     

GPS连续观测资料不同方案计算结果对比分析

本文利用GPS连续观测资料,从单天误差、重复率统计两方面对比分析了Gamit/Globk中6种不同计算方案的结果,重点分析了参考框架的选取与约束,并总结了利于形变研究和形变信息提取的数据处理方案:对小的区域网形变分析而言,定框架时不宜使用过多的测站,应该选区域网周边较稳定的点做为框架点进行GLORG计算,通过IGS轨道...     

初至时间反演静校正技术的发展趋势及实践效果

随着勘探区域近地表结构复杂程度地增加,以往那些在油气勘探中发挥了重要作用的单一静校正方法,越来越难以适应现今勘探对资料构造形态和成像品质的要求。因此通过尽可能多的表层资料信息,分层系、分阶段,有针对性地应用不同方法建立综合表层模型,是静校正技术发展的新趋势。经泉1井三维的实践证明,以表层资料解释及可视化模型时时关联互动为基础,从简单到复杂、逐级迭代相互约束的综合应用新技术,能有效反演并校正复杂构造区浅地表结构。不仅能提高地震资料成像的精度,改善构造形态,还能在一定程度上避免野外微测井采集数量的过度增加,减少勘探费用。     

高程异常模型的已知点框架约束

在确保GPS/水准点成果可靠的前提下,用其对重力法计算所得的高程异常模型进行框架约束,以削弱重力系统与高程和坐标系统间的系统差,实现系统转换,提高最终模型的精度。通过对不同离散数据网格化方法的比较,给出相对计算快捷、精度高的框架约束方法。     

南京玄武湖浮游细菌群落结构的季节变化及其与环境因子的关系

应用16S rRNA基因末端限制性片段长度多态性技术和多元统计方法,探究了南京玄武湖浮游细菌群落结构的季节性变化,并找出了浮游细菌群落组成分布的主要影响因子.结果表明,玄武湖4个季节中夏季Invsimpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数最高,而春季最低.非度量多维尺度分析结果显示浮游细菌群落结构存在着明显的季节性变化.Mantel检验、典范对应分析、变量分割分析表明影响玄武湖细菌群落结构最显著的环境因子为温度,其次为pH.营养盐浓度对玄武湖细菌群落结构的影响不显著.总的来说,本研究将有助于更好地理解富营养化水体中的浮游细菌群落组成的季节变化规律.     

蛇绿岩年代学研究方法及应注意的问题

蛇绿岩年代学在研究造山带构造演化、古洋一陆及板块构造格局恢复中至关重要。同位素测年及化石年代学法是蛇绿岩年代学研究的基本方法。高精度同位素测年首选锆石U-Pb法(包括单颗粒锆石U-Pb法、离子探针SHRIMP U-Pb法)及^40Ar-^39Ar法。同时可辅以Sm-Nd及Rb-Sr等时线法测年；各种测年方法所获结果与化石年代之间应相互比对；与蛇绿岩形成、演化相关的各地质事件发生的时间可以对蛇绿岩的形成时代进行约束。测年时必须对所测对象的特征及性质进行详细的研究。同时，对各种测年方法的适用性和应注意的问题有所了解。唯此才能对测年结果的含义及准确性做出科学、合理的解释。