Reliability-Based Design for Jacket Platform Under Extreme Loads

In this paper, reliability analysis for the offshore jacket platform with the interaction of structure- pile- soil under extreme environmental loads is carried out. The inherent uncertainties of the environmental load, foundation soil, platform itself, and calculating models are evaluated. The action of extreme loads on the offshore platform is modeled as a function of extreme wave height. The system capacity of the whole platform is determined by nonlinear pushover analysis, and the relevant probability property is obtained by the simulation method. The reliability model for the whole jacket platform is described as the relationship between the load and resistance based on the offshore design codes. The reliability of whole platform is calculated by the analytical method and the importance sampling method on the basis of a case study for a tripod jacket platform.     

中等水深轻张型张力腿平台型式研究

根据我国海上边际油田的分布特点，100m-300m左右中等水深范围是一个很有开发潜力的海域。运用常规技术已很难在这一海域取得更大的经济效益。而更经济有效地开发这些边际油田对我国来说具有重大意义。本文对适合我国中等水深海域国际油田开发的轻型张力腿平台型式进行了探索，提出了三种轻型张力腿平台，对其运动性能及系索张力进行了比较，以期找适合我国中深水海域边际油田开发的张力腿平台型式。     

随机波浪作用下海洋平台主动控制的时滞补偿研究

基于预测控制理论，研究了适用于海洋平台的时滞补偿控制算法。该方法借助于随机波浪力的近似公式和卡尔曼滤波原理，推导出了随机波浪力向前一步预测公式，同时采用卡尔曼滤波方程，实现了对状态向量向前一步预测。利用随机波浪力及状态向量的实时在线预测公式，推导出最优控制力向前一步预测的表达式。在此基础上，发展了不仅适用于反馈控制系统而且适用于前馈-反馈控制系统的时滞补偿算法。采用一典型海洋平台为数值算例，计算结果表明，该方法在一定时滞范围内对海洋平台主动控制中时滞的补偿效果是显著的。     

Perturbation Analysis of the Attached Water Mass Effect on Offshore Platform Dynamic Response

- Theoretically speaking, it is impossible to make the differential equation of motion uncoupled for the natural modes of a system in consideration of the attached water. The hydro-elastic structure is equal to the, non-proportional damping system. In this paper a perturbation analysis method is put forward. The structure motion equation is strictly solved mathematically, and the non-proportional damping problem is transformed into a series of proportional damping ones in the superposition form. The paper also presents the calculation formula of the dyanamic response of the structure being subjected to harmonic and arbitrary load. The convergence of the proposed method is also studied in this paper, and the corresponding convergence conditions are given. Finally, the proposed method is used to analyze the displacement response of a real offshore platform. The calculation results show that this method has the characteristics of high accuracy and fast convergence.     

不同交通方式下居民城际出行网络结构特征——以“春运”为例

基于多元视角下的居民城际出行网络空间结构测度可以较为全面地刻画出城市间的复杂联系特征。论文利用春运期间腾讯迁徙平台中的人口流动数据,采用复杂网络分析方法以及转变中心性和转变控制力等指标,对比分析了航空、铁路和公路3种交通方式下的中国居民城际出行网络结构特征。结果表明：3种出行方式下,航空联系的线路最少,平均出行距离最长;铁路出行人数最多,其次是公路,航空最少。最大优势流中,北京和上海在国内航空出行联系中起着最重要的控制作用,其次是成都和重庆;铁路出行中,北京和成都占据绝对优势;公路多表现为省级行政中心与周边城市的关联。根据转变中心性和转变控制力划分城市类型,在航空和铁路出行网络中,高中心性—高控制力城市较多;公路出行网络中以高中心性—低控制力城市为主。不同出行方式下的城市聚类得到的网络集群“社区”数量有一定差异,航空、铁路和公路出行依次聚类为7、8和10个“社区”。不同类型出行方式透视的城市网络特征存在较明显的差异：航空出行的城际人口流体现出以全国性枢纽城市为核心分布的核心—边缘结构;铁路表现出以国家铁路大动脉沿线城市为核心,向腹地城市逐渐递减的核心—边缘结构;公路出行的城际人口流则表现为与人口规模匹配的局域强聚集的空间格局。     

基于CR-BDI模型的农户作物种植行为模拟——以陕西省米脂县姜兴庄为例

运用模拟平台模拟农户土地利用行为,对揭示农户土地利用变化机制和调整土地利用决策具有重要意义。本文选择生态脆弱区一乡一业、一村一品典型村陕西省米脂县姜兴庄为例,以信念—愿望—意图模型(BDI)为基础,构建有限理性能力与资源(CR-BDI)模型。基于NetLogo平台对CR-BDI模型和传统BDI模型的模拟情况进行对比分析,结果表明：①CR-BDI模型更适于微观尺度农户土地利用决策研究。2014年该模型面积失误率为6.78%,比传统BDI模型低8.48%,空间准确率比传统BDI模型高10.10%,2015年CR-BDI模型和传统BDI模型的整体空间正确率分别为78.8%和69.2%;②CR指数有利于体现农户的有限理性,与实际种植决策较为符合;③利用NetLogo平台有利于直观再现农户土地利用行为,揭示土地利用变化的微观机理,可作为研究土地利用变化互动机理的良好平台。     

纳米比亚达马拉造山带新元古界朝斯组条带状铁建造的特征及成因

以纳米比亚北部台地区的新元古代成冰期朝斯(Chuos)组沉积变质型条带状铁建造为研究对象,通过研究该区的大地构造背景、矿物学、岩石学、地球化学等特征,针对该区域朝斯组地层特征、构造历史、结构构造、矿物组成、形成环境及成因等方面进行研究,结合"雪球地球"假说,认为研究区含铁建造与成冰期的一定条件下的裂谷作用形成海盆和热液组分有直接成因联系,在雪球期内的氧化还原环境多变的裂谷大洋、海底热液流体、大陆风化作用、海洋生物圈变化、大气与海水的物质组分交换等多重因素的作用下,最终导致了含铁条带建造的沉积层序的形成。     

Distribution of Chancelloriids in a Middle Cambrian Carbonate Platform Deposit, Taebaek Group, Korea

The onset of the Cambrian witnessed the diversification of “small shelly fossils (SSF)”, which affected carbonate depositional system. One of the problematic SSF, chancelloriids, are common components of the early to middle Cambrian carbonate and shale, and their contributions toward Cambrian carbonates are not yet fully understood. This study assesses distribution patterns of chancelloriid sclerites in the Cambrian Series 3 Daegi Formation based on microfacies analysis and discusses their sedimentologic implications. In the lower part of the formation, partially articulated chancelloriid sclerites occur mainly in bioclastic packstone and grainstone facies, with isolated sclerite rays in nodular packstone to grainstone facies. In the middle part of the formation, chancelloriid fragments occur only sporadically in bioclastic wackestone to packstone, bioclastic grainstone and oolitic packstone to grainstone facies, whereas boundstone facies are nearly devoid of their fragments. There are no chancelloriid fragments in the upper part of the formation, which consists of oolitic packstone to grainstone facies. Chancelloriids are interpreted to have primarily occupied platform margin shoal environments, shedding their sclerites to surrounding areas, and thus contributed as sediment producers. The distribution of Daegi chancelloriid sclerites is similar to other Cambrian examples, with the exception of common chancelloriids in Cambrian Series 2 reefs and their apparent near absence in the Daegi and other Cambrian Series 3 reefs. This disparity resulted from changes in the ecologic niche of chancelloriids after the end-Cambrian Series 2 reef crisis, coupled with an overall decline of chancelloriids in the middle Cambrian.     

利用泉水长观资料计算降水入渗系数——以务川自治县大竹园铝土矿区岩溶充水矿床为例

务川自治县大竹园铝土矿区为高山台地向斜正地形,岩溶充水矿床,水位埋藏较深,大气降水是地下水的唯一补给源,北、东、西为陡崖或陡坡,崖脚为矿系和隔水层,沿陡崖上部边缘分布一条开口向西的地表分水岭,形成完整的水文地质单元,地下水在向斜内由东向西汇集于梅古洞排泄。铝土矿层直接顶板梁山组(P_2l)页岩,厚度小,不连续,其上部茅口栖霞组(P_2m+q)灰岩强含水层与矿层直接接触,并且岩溶管道发育。因此,计算矿坑涌水量的方法用水均衡法较为恰当,即利用泉水观测资料计算入渗系数,从而达到预测矿坑涌水量、评价含水层富水性的目的。     

Architectural complexity of a carbonate transgressive systems tract induced by basement physiography

Three‐dimensional exposure of the Plio‐Pleistocene Calcarenite di Gravina Formation around Matera Horst, Italy, permits analysis of the architecture and internal complexities of carbonate sedimentary bodies around a palaeoisland. Spatial organization of the different lithosomes, along with their skeletal composition, sedimentary structures and bedding patterns, helps decipher the key factors that controlled platform architecture and distribution of heterogeneities: basement physiography, type and loci of carbonate production, bottom currents and changes in accommodation. Relative sea‐level changes resulted from high‐frequency glacioeustatic cycles that punctuated an overall tectonically induced transgression. Topographic relief, fragmentation of the limestone basement and wave energy controlled lithoclastic supply. Basement physiography and relative sea‐level changes determined the area available for carbonate‐producing biotas, and thus the amount and type of skeletal sediments. On the moderately dipping south‐western margin, waves and associated currents re‐distributed the lithoclasts derived from coastal abrasion. Bioclasts mostly derived from epiphytic seaweed production in the shoreface. Infralittoral prisms resulted from downdip transport (progradation) and longshore transport, which controlled along strike continuity of the prisms. Where basement continuity was interrupted at the margin of the palaeoisland, a lithoclastic fan was deposited from dumping sediments carried by shore‐parallel currents. Fan‐shaped skeletal bodies coalesced to form an apron on the steeper northern side of the palaeoisland, when a structural platform was flooded and epiphytic carbonates were shed. Red algae contribution depended on the available oligophotic area which, in turn, was controlled by high‐frequency sea‐level cycles, basement physiography and apron aggradation. The internal architecture of this apron resembles a low stand wedge but it accumulated during transgression. Deeper‐water, contour‐parallel currents formed a lithosome at the foot of the structural relief. Interpreted as drift deposits, it is composed of shallow‐water benthonic skeletal components, planktonic foraminifera and some limeclasts.