新型激光雷达浮标运动响应特性数值研究

以新型激光雷达浮标系统为研究对象,基于ANSYS/AQWA开展了激光雷达浮标系统运动响应特性数值研究,研究了浮标吃水深度、形状参数对于激光雷达浮标运动响应的影响规律,分析了附加质量、辐射阻尼、运动响应RAO及一阶、二阶波浪力等水动力参数。采用时域分析方法对不同风浪流荷载入射角度下的激光雷达浮标锚泊系统张力特性进行了计算分析。研究结果表明:随着浮标吃水深度的增加,浮标纵荡方向响应无明显变化,垂荡响应显著增大;随着浮标底部圆台直径的增大,浮标纵荡方向响应变化较小,而圆柱形浮标垂荡运动响应显著大于圆台形浮标;当浮标系泊锚链发生松弛—张紧状态变化时易出现极端张力,且极端张力出现的幅值和频率随有效波高的增大和谱峰周期的减小而增大。     

小气候、雪盖及土壤湿度对高山生态系统功能的影响

1 Introduction High mountain landscapes above the tree-line are often regarded as close to nature, although human impact has obviously changed the environment, partly exceeding its carrying capac- ity (L?ffler, 2000). Due to their fragility regarding expected environmental changes and an increasing land use pressure in many regions, high mountain landscapes recently became a major focus within the discussion on a sustainable development in a worldwide (Messerli and Ives, 1997), and regional p…     

山东沂沭河流域2000BC前后古文化兴衰的环境考古

Neolithic culture series in the Yishu River Basin developed in the order of Beixin culture-Dawenkou culture-Longshan culture-Yueshi culture. During the early and middle stage of Longshan culture （4600-4300 cal. yr BP）, the climate in the Yishu River Basin was warm and wet. Paddy-oriented agriculture planted paddy was very developed. The society was flourishing with great amount of archaeological sites. The cooling starting in 4200 cal. yr BP made the paddies shortfall in output or even no seeds were gathered. This situation intensified the discrepancy between population and resource. The scarcity in natural resource led to substantial decrease in population and subsequent drop in archaeological sites. About 4000 cal. yr BP Longshan culture was displaced by Yueshi culture which was relatively un- derdeveloped, simple and unsophisticated.     

断层垂直形变对强远震的响应

利用新型断层形变三维观测系统的垂直向观测结果, 研究了两年以来7.0级以上强远震在非发震断层上的同震响应特征. 结果表明,非发震断层体垂直向同震形变的延迟时间、 同震位移最大振幅、 振动持续时间等特征与地震震级、震中距等之间存在密切联系. 断层体垂直向同震形变延迟时间与震中距线性正相关,发生地震同震形变的响应速度约为5.5km/s,反映了在上层花岗岩地层中面波的传播速度;同震位移最大振幅和震中距的对数、 震级之间具有明显线性关系,震级越大,同震位移的最大振幅越大;地震震级是断层体垂直同震形变振动持续时间的主要影响因素,震级越大,同震形变振动持续时间越长. 根据断层仪观测数据推算得到的断层体垂直向同震形变延迟时间、同震位移最大振幅、振动持续时间的经验计算公式,对于地震同震形变研究具有一定意义.      

浙江朱家尖岛东沙海滩对热带风暴“娜基莉”的响应及风暴后的恢复

海滩对风暴的响应及风暴后海滩的恢复过程一直以来都是国内外海滩研究的热点。本文通过对浙江舟山市朱家尖岛东沙海滩地形地貌的现场调查,对比分析了热带风暴"娜基莉"影响下东沙海滩剖面的蚀积变化,探讨了海滩在热带风暴发生后的恢复情况。结果表明,在"娜基莉"影响期间,因风暴浪为向岸浪,东沙海滩几乎遭受全线侵蚀,12个剖面单宽侵蚀总量为73.46 m3/m,其中海滩直线段较两个遮蔽段侵蚀显著。由于海滩在风暴前进方向的左侧,且"娜基莉"距东沙较远,使得东沙海滩普遍侵蚀但强度较小。东沙海滩在热带风暴后的恢复过程中,不同部位的地貌调整和冲淤变化不同,下岬角遮蔽段基本趋于稳定,直线段和上岬角遮蔽段在恢复过程中因受海滩季节性调整的影响呈现持续侵蚀。     

波浪作用下单桩基础周围海床液化机制研究

建立波浪作用下单桩周围三维海床动力响应模型,考虑自重影响下的海床长时间固结过程。采用已有物理模型试验数据对模型进行验证,证实其具有较好的适用性。模拟波浪作用下单桩周围三维海床液化区域,通过定量分析超孔隙水压力和土体初始有效应力的变化,讨论单桩插入深度对海床液化的影响机制。研究表明,单桩插入深度发生变化时,土体初始有效应力对海床液化的影响要大于超孔隙水压力,且影响程度随着插入深度的增加而逐渐增大。     

A review of the climatological characteristics of landfalling Gulf hurricanes for wind, wave, and surge hazard estimation

The climatological characteristics of landfalling Gulf of Mexico hurricanes are presented, focusing on the basic parameters needed for accurately determining the structure and intensity of hurricanes for ocean response models. These include the maximum sustained wind, radius of maximum winds, the Holland-B parameter, the peripheral or far-field pressure, the surface roughness and coefficient of drag, and the central pressure for historical hurricanes in the Gulf.Despite evidence of a slight increase in the annual number of named storms over the past 50 years, presently there is no statistically significant trend in tropical storms, hurricanes, or major hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, the long-term variability of tropical cyclones in the Gulf reflects the observed variability in the Atlantic basin as a whole. Analyses of hurricane winds from multiple sources suggest the presence of a bias toward overestimating the strength of winds in the HURDAT dataset from 7% to 15%. Results presented comparing HURDAT with other sources also show an overestimation of intensity at landfall, with an estimated bias of ~10%.Finally, a review of recent studies has shown that hurricane frequencies and intensities appear to vary on a much more localized scale than previously believed. This exacerbates the sampling problem for accurate characterization of hurricane parameters for design and operational applications.     

Spatial pattern formation of a ratio-dependent predator—prey model

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of evolutionary process that involves organisms distribution and their interaction of spatially distributed population with diffusion in a Holling-III ratio-dependent predator--prey model, the sufficient conditions for diffusion-driven instability with Neumann boundary conditions are obtained. Furthermore, it presents novel numerical evidence of time evolution of patterns controlled by diffusion in the model, and finds that the model dynamics exhibits complex pattern replication, and the pattern formation depends on the choice of the initial conditions. The ideas in this paper may provide a better understanding of the pattern formation in ecosystems.     

Ocean acidification: Separating evidence from judgment – A reply to Dupont et al.

Recently ocean acidification as a major threat for marine species has moved from a consensus statement into a much discussed and even challenged conception. A simple meta-analysis of Hendriks et al. (2010) showed that based on results of pooled experimental evidence, marine biota may turn out to be more resistant than hitherto believed. Dupont et al. (in press) indicate the importance of evaluating the most vulnerable stages in the life cycle of organisms instead of only adult stages. Here we evaluate additional material, composed of experimental evidence of the effect of ocean acidification on marine organisms during adult, larval, and juvenile stages, and show that the observed effects are within the range predicted by Hendriks et al. (2010). Species-specific differences and a wide variance in the reaction of organisms might obscure patterns of differences between life stages. Future research should be aimed to clarify underlying mechanisms to define the effect ocean acidification will have on marine biodiversity. Conveying scientific evidence along with an open acknowledgment of uncertainties to help separate evidence from judgment should not harm the need to act to mitigate ocean acidification and should pave the road for robust progress in our understanding of how ocean acidification impacts biota of the ocean.     

凡纳滨对虾C-型凝集素LvLec2 对不同刺激的免疫应答

克隆获得了与中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)C-type lectin 3同源的C-型凝集素LvLec2基因序列,并通过Real-time PCR研究了其在脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,简称LPS)、灭活溶壁微球菌(Micrococcus lysodeikticus)和白斑综合症病毒(white spot syndrome virus,简称WSSV)刺激后的转录表达变化。结果表明,LvLec2编码157个氨基酸,含有1个糖识别结构域(carbohydrate recognition domain,简称CRD),其CRD结构域中具有决定糖结合特异性的基序"EPS"(Glu118-Pro119-Ser120)序列。系统进化树分析表明LvLec2与已发表的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)C-型凝集素亲缘较远。LPS、灭活溶壁微球菌和WSSV刺激后,LvLec2基因在肝胰脏中的转录表达有明显的变化但表达模式不同。LvLec2可能作为模式识别受体参与了对虾对病原的识别或防御。