气候变化对山东降水及极端天气气候事件的影响分析

根据新中国成立以来山东省气温资料进行分析,从温度变化来反映山东气候变暖的趋势;在此基础上根据山东省近60年的水文资料分析气候变化对山东降水及极端天气气候事件的影响。结果表明,60年来山东气候呈变暖趋势,随着气候的变化,山东省年降水量呈减少的趋势,并导致极端天气气候事件出现频率及强度呈增大趋势。     

上扬子地台区超晚期断褶构造与油气及金属矿产资源

上扬子地台区长期接受地台型沉积,地壳构造较稳定。但自喜马拉雅运动以来,断褶构造活动强烈。按上扬子地台区超晚期断褶构造发育程度,可划分为５个构造区。超晚期断褶构造发育程度控制了上扬子地台区油气藏及金属矿产资源的形成与分布。应用超晚期断褶构造分区的观点,可预测上扬子地台区金属矿产资源及含油气远景。     

Spatial Breakdown Point of Variogram Estimators

In the context of robust statistics, the breakdown point of an estimator is an important feature of reliability. It measures the highest fraction of contamination in the data that an estimator can support before being destroyed. In geostatistics, variogram estimators are based on measurements taken at various spatial locations. The classical notion of breakdown point needs to be extended to a spatial one, depending on the construction of most unfavorable configurations of perturbation. Explicit upper and lower bounds are available for the spatial breakdown point in the regular unidimensional case. The difficulties arising in the multidimensional case are presented on an easy example in IR² , as well as some simulations on irregular grids. In order to study the global effects of perturbations on variogram estimators, further simulations are carried out on data located on a regular or irregular bidimensional grid. Results show that if variogram estimation is performed with a 50% classical breakdown point scale estimator, the number of initial data likely to be contaminated before destruction of the estimator is roughly 30% on average. Theoretical results confirm the previous statement on data in IR^d , d 1.     

Gas emission prediction and recovery in underground coal mines

Strata gas can be released and captured from non-active and active gas resources either from virgin or relaxed strata, both prior to and when mining activities take place. The high and irregular gas emissions associated with high production longwall mining have provided a need to optimise the methods used to predict these gas levels and the ventilation requirements for gas dilution. A forecast of gas emissions during development drivage and longwall mining indicated possible gas and ventilation problems requiring the introduction of various gas drainage techniques and in maintaining the necessary air quantities in ventilation systems to satisfy the statutory gas limitations for various coal production rates. Although there are sound principles used in world-recognised methods of gas emission prediction, a new approach developed from long-term practical experience in underground gassy coal mine practices and gas-rock mechanics studies appear most suitable for local conditions and mining systems in use. The Lunagas ‘Floorgas' and ‘Roofgas' geomechanical and gas emission models offer an effective solution to these problems. Both programs are the most advanced engineering, numerical tools available to calculate gas source contributions to total gassiness and improve the accuracy and quality of gas control, gas capture technologies and ventilation system design.     

依托科技创新 实现找矿突破

安徽矿产资源自然秉赋良好,已发现矿种138种,资源潜在总值居全国第十位。建国以来,安徽地质科技不断创新,找矿成果不断扩大,奠定了我省矿产资源大省地位。随着工业强省战略的深入实施,为缓解矿产资源瓶颈制约,必须进一步加大科技创新力度,加强基础地质研究、加强重点区带地球动力学与成矿预测研究、加强深部探测技术方法研究、加强资源高效利用和循环利用技术研究、加强地质科技创新机制研究,多找矿、找好矿、找大矿,真正实现地质找矿新的突破。     

能源基地地下水污染及防治措施

能源基地地下水已受到不同程度的污染,随着基地大规模开发建设,地下水污染将更加严重。对基地一些地区地下水的污染特征、污染途径和污染源进行了分析研究,并在此基础上提出了相应的防治措施和建议。     

遥感技术在矿产资源潜力评价中的应用研究

遥感技术在地学里应用最广泛的是地质填图和矿产资源调查。随着信息获取和信息处理技术的不断进步和完善,遥感地质找矿在遥感应用领域里取得了长足的发展。本文结合遥感技术,阐述了其基本原理及其在矿产资源开发预测中的应用,并以实例进行研究。     

Occurrence and evolution of the Xiaotangshan hot spring in Beijing, China

Thermal groundwater occurs in bedrock aquifers consisting of the dolomite of the Wumishan Group of the Jixianin System and the Cambrian carbonate in the Xiaotangshan geothermal field near the northern margin of the North China Plain, China. The hot water in the geothermal field of basin-type discharges partly in the form of the Xiaotangshan hot spring under natural conditions. The hot water has TDS of less than 600 mg/L and is of Na·Ca-HCO₃ type. The geothermal water receives recharge from precipitation in the mountain area with elevation of about 500 m above sea level to the north of the spring. Thermal groundwater flows slowly south and southeast through a deep circulation with a residence time of 224 years estimated with the Ra–Rn method. The Xiaotangshan hot spring dried up in the middle of the 1980s owing to the increasing withdrawal of the hot water in the geothermal field in the past decades. The water level of the geothermal system still falls continually at an annual average rate of about 2 m, although water temperature changes very little, indicating that the recharge of such a geothermal system of basin-type is limited. Over-exploitation has a dramatic impact on the geothermal system, and reduction in exploitation and reinjection are required for the sustainable usage of the hot water.     

项目后评价在水利工程建设中的应用初探

项目后评价,是项目生命周期的最后一个流程。实施项目后评价,及时总结项目建设的成功经验和失败教训,对于优化以后类似项目的建设程序,提高决策水平、管理水平和投资效果都有着重要的意义。当前国内项目后评价中尚存在一些突出问题:没有将后评价和前评估区分开;后评估系统的独立性不够;后评估的实施部门缺乏必要的调查核实手段,选取的数据资料面窄、量小、时间期限短,缺乏应有的代表性。针对上述问题并结合水利项目自身特点,提出相应的对策和建议。     

兖州煤田矿山地质环境现状与治理对策

针对煤炭开采引发的采空塌陷和矿山生态环境破坏等问题,调查分析了山东兖州煤田开发利用现状,及采空塌陷、水环境污染、土壤污染等地质灾害的分布范围及其危害。统计表明,截止2005年,兖州煤田已累计塌陷116.127 km²,其中塌陷积水区已达18.92 km²,最大塌陷深度9.2 m,预计到21世纪中叶,兖州煤田将形成32 000 hm²的塌陷区。针对兖州煤田实际,提出了改进采矿方式、煤炭地下气化、塌陷土地复垦、煤矸石综合利用等矿山地质环境保护与治理对策,同时提出了建立和实施具有行业特色的矿区循环经济发展模式。