面向位置服务的室内外统一空间基准转换

随着智慧城市建设的不断推进,对位置服务的需求已经由室外拓展至室内空间,并对室内外一体化服务提出更高要求.由于室内空间范围相对较小且对几何信息表达精度要求较高,因此,通常采用独立的平面或三维直角坐标系作为空间基准,从而造成室内与室外以及不同建筑室内空间基准的差异,影响室内外空间信息的一体化表达与应用.为此,文中在系统分析...     

补水溶矿过程中达布逊湖北岸地下卤水水化学变化特征初步研究

以察尔汗盐湖达布逊区段补水溶采区为研究区,靠近补水渠的D01、D03以及D05水文观测孔地下卤水为研究对象,通过水化学、相图等分析方法,研究了地下卤水在固液转化过程中水化学的时空变化特征及其影响因素。研究结果表明,储卤层中卤水化学特性在空间上具有明显差异性。在纵向上,随深度增加Na⁺、SO₄2-浓度、pH值降低,而Mg²⁺、Cl-、HCO₃-、Li⁺、B³⁺浓度、TDS和比重升高;在横向上,D01孔中卤水具有较高的Na⁺、SO₄2-、HCO₃-、Li⁺浓度、pH值以及较低的TDS和比重;D03孔中卤水具有较高的K⁺、B³⁺浓度;D05孔中具有较高的TDS、比重、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、Cl-以及Sr²⁺浓度。揭示了卤水在盐层中的滞留时间、盐层渗透性差异、矿物组合与分布及温度变化是影响地下卤水水化学分布特征的主要因素,并初步研究认为补水溶矿具有局限性,D01孔受补水影响最大,D03孔次之,D05孔受补水影响较弱。     

丝绸之路经济带沿线国家旅游资源与 入境旅游发展空间格局特征与差异

利用旅游资源丰度指数、旅游流质指数、空间一致性系数和二维矩阵等方法,定量比较分析了丝绸之路经济带沿线18个主要国家旅游资源丰度,入境旅游发展质量,以及旅游资源分布与入境旅游发展质量的空间格局特征与差异。研究表明：丝绸之路经济带沿线国家旅游资源数量与质量差异显著,正形成两极分化突出的格局,中西欧国家最优,中亚国家最弱,入境旅游发展质量也呈现出相似的特征。旅游资源资源分布与入境旅游发展质量,呈现较明显的弱协调性,旅游资源集聚具有较明显的国际旅游导向性,两者发生错位的国家超过三分之二。空间一致性表现为显著的区域差异特征,亚洲相对较好,中西欧次之,东欧最弱。为推进沿线国际旅游合作,提出如下建议：坚定“互联互通、平等包容和合作共赢”发展理念,成立国际旅游合作联盟,督促与落实相关战略部署与重点项目;在求同存异基础上,建立共享机制,提高国家间旅游合作一体化水平和协同发展程度;共同打造丝绸之路经济带世界级旅游线路与旅游资源品牌,着力提升国际旅游发展影响力。     

岷江上游土壤资源的保护性利用

岷江上游土地面积24741平方公里,土壤面积20627平方公里。区内土壤垂直分异显著,土壤类型众多,以林地土壤为主,草地土壤居次,耕作土壤甚微,土壤质量差。土壤资源的保护性利用是:加强水利租农田基本建设,精耕细作,增加覆被物,改良土壤,控制林木采伐量和草场载畜量,以促进农林牧业发展。     

高分卫星自然资源调查需求满足度评估

当前高分对地观测数据应用来源众多,且其应用方式各异,如何对需求其进行规范化和结构化的需求综合及聚类,进而开展卫星观测能力对于用户需求的需求满足度进行评估,是当前高分对地观测系统建设及应用的关键.本研究基于层次分析法开展自然资源遥感调查的需求建模与评价研究,以可见光近红外类型的自然资源遥感调查需求为主要研究对象,提取自然...     

2050年前长江流域地表水资源变化趋势

利用ECHAM5/MPI-OM气候模式预估2001-2050年长江流域不同排放情景（SRES-A2,A1B,B1）下径流深的变化,分析了长江流域地表水资源量的时空变化特征。结果表明：3种排放情景下长江流域多年平均地表水资源量相差不大,但不同排放情景下年际变化特征较为复杂,且变化趋势有所不同。其中,A2高排放情景下地表水资源量呈缓慢减小的趋势,A1B中等排放情景下变化趋势不明显,B1低排放情景下呈相对最为显著的增加趋势。地表水资源量年代际变化波动幅度也较大,2001-2030年3种情景下地表水资源量总体呈现下降特征,但从2030年起,则均表现出不同程度的增加,最高增幅达7.47%,其中尤以夏季和冬季增加显著。模式预估长江流域未来水资源量仍保持目前水平,水资源空间分布不均匀特征仍较为突出。     

Using a groundwater quality negotiation support system to change land-use management near a drinking-water abstraction in the Netherlands

A negotiation support system (NSS) was developed to solve groundwater conflicts that arose during land-use management. It was set up in cooperation with the stakeholders involved to provide information on the impact of land use, e.g., agriculture, nature (forested areas), recreation, and urban areas, on the quality of both infiltrating and abstracted groundwater. This NSS combined simulation programs that calculate (1) the concentrations of nitrate in shallow groundwater for each land-use area and (2) the transport of nitrate in the groundwater-saturated zone. The user interface of the NSS enabled scenario analyses. The NSS was validated at a drinking-water abstraction near Holten (the Netherlands) using a spatial planning process aimed at sustainable land-use and groundwater-resource management. Two land-use scenarios were considered: a base scenario reflecting the autonomous development and an adapted land-use scenario. The calculated results for shallow groundwater provided an explicit spatial overview of the impact of historical land use and N application on the quality of abstracted groundwater as well as insight into the impact of changes in land use and N application. Visualization of the conflicting interests of agriculture and the drinking-water abstraction helped all stakeholders accept the necessary changes in land use identified by the adapted land-use scenario of the NSS. These changes were included in the preferred land-use management option in the regional planning process, which has since been formalized. The NSS provided system insight, scoping analyses, and education, in addition to generating quantitative information on the impact of land-use functions on groundwater quality.     

Height transformation models from ellipsoidal into the normal orthometric height system for the territory of the City of Zagreb

The paper presents the testing of the possibility of determining the heights of GPS points in the homogeneous field in the new Croatian Height Reference System (HVRS71) by using the method of height transformation. The testing was made in the area of Zagreb. As part of the field works, normal orthometric heights of 27 GPS points were determined according to the new height system, by transferring the benchmark heights using the geometric levelling method, thus obtaining GPS/levelling points of known ellipsoidal and normal orthometric heights. The GPS/levelling points served as the basis for determining the transformation models that enabled the computation of normal orthometric heights from ellipsoidal heights of any GPS point in the observed area. The empirical data used for modelling were reduced undulation dN values of GPS/levelling points. As part of the dN modelling with parametric functions, the approximation surfaces were obtained on the basis of three polynomials: FN310, FN312 and FN318. The transformation models were also tested using non-parametric Watson and Loess algorithms. The FN318 and Loess models yielded the best results.     

任意空间取向TI弹性张量解析表述

本文理论给出任意空间取向TI(ATI)四阶弹性张量的解析表述,其以VTI弹性常数及其简单组合为系数,包括各向同性项、TI对称轴方向矢量分量的二次项和四次项,其中TI对称轴方向矢量可以在固定坐标系定义, 也可以相对三维倾斜界面甚至相对波传播方向.相比四阶张量变换法和Bond变换法,ATI弹性张量能简洁而透明地为本构关系和波动方程提供四阶张量的所有元素. ATI弹性张量能为诸多方面的理论研究提供支撑.     

频率域偶层位曲面位场处理和转换方法研究

在空间域偶层位法的基础上,研究了完整的频率域偶层位曲面位场处理和转换方法.该法可应用于平面或曲面、规则网或非规则网的位场数据处理和转换.通过对偶层面z坐标和计算面z坐标平移不同的量来加速正演快速收敛和保证反演稳定、快速收敛;提出了适合于不规则网曲面处理和转换的核心算法——单点快速Fourier变换;提出了频率域不规则网曲面处理和转换方法技术.通过以上技术措施解决了大数据量特别是曲面不规则网的位场处理和转换问题,模型试算以及实际资料处理验证了该方法的应用效果.