Organochlorine compounds in tissues of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) from Mediterranean Sea and Azores islands

Polychlorobiphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The Italian Ministry of Environment has undertaken a program (1999-2001) to measure levels of contaminants in top marine predators and to develop sensitive biomarkers for the evaluation of toxicological risk in these species. In 1999, 15 swordfishes (Xiphias gladius) taken from the Mediterranean Sea along the Sicilian coast (Strait of Messina, Italy) and in the Atlantic Ocean along the Azores Islands, and analysed for 34 congeners of PCBs and 27 organochlorine (OC) pesticides in gonad, muscle, liver and blubber tissues. In the tissues of Mediterranean swordfishes the sum of the determined PCBs congeners ranged from 4.61 to 4651.17 ng g(-1) on fresh tissue basis. Among organochlorine pesticides DDE, DDT and DDD (TDE) predominated with an overall range of 2.37-4734.56 ng(-1) w.w. In particular p,p'-DDE had concentrations appearing up to 3900 ng(-1), with the highest values found in fatty tissues, such as blubber. In the liver of Azores Island swordfishes lower levels of summation PCBs (8.43-294.17 ng/g w.w.) and summation DDTs (<0.01-217.44 ng/g w.w.) were determined.     

基于SERS技术的果蔬表皮农药残留快速检测方法研究

果蔬表皮农药残留关乎食品安全问题。本文以苹果为研究对象,应用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术,结合高灵敏度、便携的纳米检测棒,检测果蔬中常用农药倍硫磷和多菌灵,研究农药残留衰减规律,并对比研究不同方法对农药残留的去除效果。研究表明,基于GMA-EDMA多孔材料和金纳米颗粒制备的纳米检测棒,对苹果表皮残留的倍硫磷和多菌灵的最低检测浓度分别达0.10和0.05 mg/L,在低浓度范围内特征峰强度与浓度成良好的线性关系。苹果表皮两种农药残留量随时间成e指数衰减,衰减为e-1的时间常数分别约为1~2 d和4~5 d。不同清洗剂(清水、盐水、小苏打水、果蔬洗涤剂)对农药残留的清洗效果不同,淡盐水可提高农药残留清洗效率,清水清洗需要延长清洗时间才能达到相同效果。研究结果表明,纳米检测棒能有效提高果蔬农药残留的检测灵敏度和检测效率,结合便携式拉曼系统,可实现果蔬农药与淡盐水残留的快速、现场检测。