构造沉降是控制近代洞庭湖演变的关键因素吗?——评《洞庭湖地质环境系统分析》

本文对以研究近代洞庭湖演变趋势为主要内容的《洞庭湖地质环境系统分析》的系列研究成果进行评论 ,认为采用“假设 -演绎法”研究洞庭湖演变得出的结论 ,依然建立在假设的基础上 ,并不可靠。文中还对该系列成果提出的“构造沉降是控制洞庭湖演变的关键因素”的论点和一些所谓的“构造沉降”表现及其计算数据提出质疑 ,认为近代洞庭湖的演变不是由内动力“构造沉降”控制 ,而是主要受入湖水沙条件变化、人工围垦湖滩和湖面———基面上升等外动力的作用和影响。     

白沙河地下水资源管理模型

针对白沙河地下水含水层的内部结构和本区开采特点以及已出现的环境问题，建立了地下水资源管理模型，确定了优化开采方案。该管理模型针对本区每年２个管理时段的长度及其开采量均不同的特点，导出了新的响应矩阵的公式。管理模型的建立有助于对该区地下水的合理开采。     

广西合浦盆地干热岩资源成热条件及潜力评价

为了对广西合浦盆地干热岩资源成热条件及其潜力进行评价,利用广西航磁勘查数据,采用Parker-Oldenburg法反演计算了居里面深度。在此基础上进行大地热流密度值和不同埋深地温计算,发现计算结果与现有测温资料吻合,合浦盆地内西场凹陷和常乐凹陷具有干热岩资源成生条件。结合合浦盆地内基础地质调查资料和油气钻孔资料,分析了合浦盆地干热岩资源的储层和盖层条件。初步圈出2个位于西场凹陷和常乐凹陷的干热岩勘查靶区C1和C2,面积分别为167.10和72.90 km²,干热岩资源量分别为182.48×10¹⁵、77.59×10¹⁵ J。按20%的采收率,合浦盆地干热岩资源量可开采量为52.01×10¹⁵ J,折合标准煤177.48×10⁴ t,占2018年广西全区能源生产总量3 756.69×10⁴ t标准煤的4.72%。在资源量评价基础上,可优先考虑位于合浦盆地西场凹陷的C1靶区开展进一步的勘探工作。     

云南景谷登海山铜矿地质特征与成因探讨

云南景谷登海山铜矿5个含矿层呈层状贮存于"滇中红层"第三系始新统等黑组紫红色砂岩所夹白色砂岩中,矿石具层纹状原始沉积特征,无明显热液改造痕迹,矿体明显受层位控制,成矿物质主要来源于元谋古陆。结合区域成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征及控矿条件,认为景谷登海山铜矿为砂岩型铜矿床。     

生态河南建设中的地理国情监测研究

地理国情监测是获取国情国力信息的重要手段,是掌握自然资源、生态环境以及人类活动基本情况的综合性、基础性工作。地理国情监测的实施将为生态河南建设提供动态、实时的自然、人文要素信息,林业、水资源监测信息以及环境综合整治、环境保护以及环保基础设施信息。本文着重研究地理国情监测的技术体系、生态省建设中的地理国情监测内容体系、开展地理国情监测的措施,并结合河南省地理国情监测试点项目对生态河南建设中的地理国情监测进行系统的研究。     

2010年早春浙江罕见连阴雨天气环流特征及成因分析

利用客观分析资料分析了2010年早春浙江连阴雨天气的环流特征和热力、动力条件,并与历史同期天气状况进行了对比,结果表明：（1）乌拉尔山地区长波脊前偏北气流为连阴雨天气提供了冷空气条件,西太平洋副热带高压偏北偏西有利于其西北侧建立持久、稳定的水汽通道。（2）南北温差分布的变化导致高空西风急流出现分支,浙江位于北支急流南侧...     

The impact of overfishing and El Niño on the condition factor and reproductive success of Peruvian hake, Merluccius gayi peruanus

In this study we examine physiological responses of Peruvian hake (Merluccius gayi peruanus) to changes in their population structure and physical environment during the period 1971–2004. In particular, we assess the relative investment of energy in growth and/or reproduction of small (20–35 cm) and large (35–50 cm) hake. We calculated the (i) condition (Fulton’s K), (ii) gonad and (iii) gut fullness indices for 42,761 female hakes sampled from commercial landings; these indices indicate fish somatic, reproductive and feeding condition, respectively. Using Generalized Additive Models we then examined potential relationships between these indices and sea surface temperature anomalies and date. Drastic energy exhaustion and a decrease in female hake fecundity were observed during El Niño events. The long-term trend showed a general increase in condition factor and a decrease in gonad index for large hake between 1971 and 2004. Small hake exhibited a different trend with an increase in reproductive activity, which was accompanied by an earlier maturation. We hypothesise that the observed low investment of energy in reproduction by large female hake might be related to the lack of large males, due to a sex-selective fishery and the impact of El Niño. We suggest that fishing diminished hake reproductive capacity, modified the sex ratio in favour of females and increased population vulnerability to environmental stress, in particular to the El Niño. The impact of multidecadal variability and predators like the squid, Dosidicus gigas, remain unresolved until longer time series become available.     

疏浚物中镉释放的影响条件

本文模拟研究了疏浚沉积物中Ｃd的释放行为和影响条件。结果表明介质的盐度、pＨ、氧化还原状态等环境条件和疏浚沉积物的污染程度、粒度大小、有机质含量等理化特征对Ｃd的 释放有明显的影响。Ｃd从疏浚物中释放,其释放速率较快,释放率在４０％～９６％之间。疏物的海上倾弃可能引起Ｃd的污染和对部分生态环境的危害。同时还讨论了Ｃd的释放所遵循的动力学规律。     

Design of ship's bow form by potential-based panel method

A surface panel method treating a boundary-value problem of the Dirichlet type with the free surface is presented to design a three-dimensional body corresponding to a prescribed pressure distribution. The free surface boundary condition is linearized with respect to the oncoming flow, and computed by four-point finite difference scheme. Sample designs for submerged spheroids and Wigley hull are carried out to demonstrate the stable convergence, the effectiveness and the robustness of the method. The design of a 5500TEU container carrier is performed with respect to reduction of the wave resistance. To reduce the wave resistance, calculated pressure on the hull surface is modified to have the lower fluctuation, and is applied as a Dirichlet type dynamic boundary condition on the hull surface. The designed hull form is verified to have the lower wave resistance than the initial one not only by computation but also by experiment.