Simultaneous identification of parameter,initial condition,and boundary condition in groundwater modelling

In this paper, we perform an inverse method to simultaneously estimate aquifer parameters, initial condition, and boundary conditions in groundwater modelling. The parameter estimation is extended to a complete inverse problem that makes the calibrated groundwater flow model more realistic. The adjoint state method, the gradient search method, and the least square error algorithm are combined to build the optimization procedure. Horizontal two‐dimensional groundwater flow in a confined aquifer is exemplified to demonstrate the correlation between unknowns, the contribution of observation, as well as the suitability of applying the inverse method. The correlation analysis shows the connection between storage coefficient and initial condition. Besides, transmissivity and boundary conditions are also highly correlated. More observations at different location and time are necessary to provide sufficient information. A time series of unsteady head is requested for estimation of storage coefficient and initial condition. Observation near boundary is very effective for boundary condition estimation. The observation at pumping well mostly contributes to the estimation of transmissivity. According to all observations, it is possible to identify parameters, initial condition, and boundary condition simultaneously. Furthermore, the results not only illustrate the traditional assumption of known boundary condition but also initial condition, which may cause an incorrect estimation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

威海市近海海域表层沉积物环境质量评价

对威海近海海域127站位表层沉积物中的重金属元素进行分析测试,采用单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数法、超标分类法和潜在生态危害法等多种评价方法对研究区环境质量进行评价。认为研究区海底表层沉积物的单因子污染物指数偏低,只有Cu和Cr两种重金属出现一类沉积物质量超标情况;海底表层沉积物环境质量在整体上处于清洁和尚清洁状态,个别站位处于允许状态;污染类型主要以Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类为主,含少量Ⅲ类,Ⅱ类又分为Ⅱ1Cr和Ⅱ2Cu两个污染亚类,Ⅲ类又分为Ⅲ1Cr-Cu和Ⅲ2Cu-Cr两个污染亚类;各种重金属的生态危害程度均低。     

似水准椭球

提出了“似水准椭球”概念,给出了“似水准椭球”的“匀质分层”、“整体纬向”和“内匀外纬”3种模式的密度分布方式。针对“似水准椭球”密度分布的合理性和稳定性问题,初步提出了求解“似水准椭球”的拉格朗日函数和哈密顿积分的设想。     

基于GPU并行加速的叠前逆时偏移方法

为了提高复杂地下介质的成像精度和偏移算法的计算效率,提出可高效对地下复杂构造进行准确成像的GPU加速叠前逆时偏移方法.该方法采用双程声波方程进行波场延拓,突破倾角限制,借助于高阶有限差分方法实现叠前逆时偏移成像;利用GPU(Graphic Processing Unit)并行加速技术对波场延拓和成像进行计算,相比于传统算法,其计算效率有较大提高,可以解决叠前逆时偏移算法计算量过大问题;在获取波场信息过程中,也采用随机边界条件,实施以计算换存储策略,解决逆时偏移计算中的海量存储问题.模型测试结果表明,该方法能够高效和高精度地对地下复杂地质体成像.     

Community characteristics of wild fruit forests along elevation gradients and the relationships between the wild fruit forests and environments in the Keguqin Mountain region of Iii

In this paper,the quantitative relationship between the wild fruit communities and direct environmental factors is discussed on the basis of detailed data on landscape scale habitats obtained through field vegetation investigation.The results from TWINSPAN and DCCA showed that:1) In the distribution sections of the wild fruit forest in the Keguqin Mountain region,the basic patterns characteristic of the different habitats are due to topographic factors,nutrients and moisture conditions;2) The elevation affected the most basic differentiation of plant communities in the study area,indicating that the elevation condition was the most important factor restricting the distribution of the wild fruit communities in the study area;3) The close relationship between the moisture content in the upper soil layer and the elevation reflected the influence of moisture conditions on both wild fruit and herb-layer communities;4) Nutrient differences not only indicated that the habitat conditions were different in themselves but also showed that the present nutrient conditions of the habitats were seriously affected by human activities.In summary,under complicated mountainous topographic conditions,the habitat conditions for the communities differed very significantly,and the combination of elevation,soil moisture content,total nitrogen,slope aspect,and pH value influenced and controlled the formation of community distribution patterns in the study area.     

开发百色铝资源建设我国铝工业基地

广西百色地区铝土矿资源丰富,质量优良,采选冶条件好,建议加快开发,可以建成中国最大的铝工业基地.     

基于图像退化模型的天气现象识别

在不同的天气条件下,由于气溶胶对光波的散射作用,通过成像系统获得的图像都会有一定程度的退化。利用图像的退化模型可以获取与天气现象相关的参量,从而达到识别天气的目的。对不同天气条件下得到的同一场景图进行研究,运用多垂线检测法,检测出不同天气条件下直线模糊边缘上的灰度值,采用signloid函数拟合出刃边函数,进而求出线扩散函数。通过分析线扩散函数的变化规律,总结出其与天气现象之间的紧密联系。测试结果表明,应用该方法对于晴天、薄雾、雨、霾、沙尘暴等天气现象具有一定的判别效果。     

日照水库及周边区域综合地质条件分析

日照水库是1959年建成的一座大(二)型水库,位于日照市东港区驻地以西16 km处的付疃河中游,控制流域面积548 km2,是日照城市及国民经济发展的最重要水源保障。近年来日照市经济社会飞速发展,特别随着"山东精品钢基地"等大项目的开工建设,供水安全形势愈发严峻,如何维护日照水库和保护这一水源地更是被提到了重要的议事日程。先行研究分析流域地质条件,是做好日照水库保护建设工作的重要基础。     

Initiation of primary cell culture from amphioxus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense</Emphasis>

Amphioxus, a cephalochordate, is an important model fish for studies in evolution and comparative biology. A successful cell culture from amphioxus tissues in vitro would help understanding some basic issues. To determine the optimal culture conditions for proliferation of amphioxus cells, primary cultures were initiated from buccal cirri, tail, gill, gut and metapleural fold of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense. The media tested were L-15, F-12, M 199, MEM, DMEM, PRMI 1640 and LDF, each was supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum. The optimal conditions include tail tissue cultured in L-15 or F-12 with supplement of 20% FBS and 1.5% NaCl at about 25°C. Supported by Doctoral Initial Fund of Ludong University (No.43304)     

胶东半岛海产养殖地下咸水分布特征及开发利用现状

胶东半岛位于山东省胶莱河以东,区内海岸线全长约1 700km,沿海滩涂面积约500km2。由于该区特殊的自然地理和地质环境条件,赋存有适宜海产养殖的地下咸水。该文依据大量的基础资料,阐述了胶东半岛区内海产养殖地下咸水的分布特征、富水地段资源量及开发利用现状,并针对开发利用中引发的地质环境问题提出了相应的保护建议,对于指导该区海产养殖地下咸水资源科学合理开发利用具有重要的意义。