全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4192篇 |
免费 | 1118篇 |
国内免费 | 922篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 65篇 |
大气科学 | 64篇 |
地球物理 | 862篇 |
地质学 | 4519篇 |
海洋学 | 273篇 |
天文学 | 4篇 |
综合类 | 293篇 |
自然地理 | 152篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 29篇 |
2023年 | 96篇 |
2022年 | 131篇 |
2021年 | 210篇 |
2020年 | 152篇 |
2019年 | 214篇 |
2018年 | 196篇 |
2017年 | 211篇 |
2016年 | 231篇 |
2015年 | 243篇 |
2014年 | 250篇 |
2013年 | 288篇 |
2012年 | 350篇 |
2011年 | 382篇 |
2010年 | 310篇 |
2009年 | 347篇 |
2008年 | 325篇 |
2007年 | 360篇 |
2006年 | 272篇 |
2005年 | 247篇 |
2004年 | 205篇 |
2003年 | 228篇 |
2002年 | 188篇 |
2001年 | 142篇 |
2000年 | 124篇 |
1999年 | 107篇 |
1998年 | 91篇 |
1997年 | 70篇 |
1996年 | 50篇 |
1995年 | 42篇 |
1994年 | 28篇 |
1993年 | 32篇 |
1992年 | 34篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有6232条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
61.
本文根据层序地层学的基本原理,立足东部箕状断陷盆地的特点,以冀中拗陷和二连盆地为重点研究对象,提炼出陆相断陷盆地层序地层学模式,在缓坡带,以风暴浪基面作为“陆架边角”的参照物,层序地层特征相似于海相被动大陆边缘背景;在陡坡带则截然不同,并以湖面与边界断裂的交点取代“陆架边角”,各体系域所含沉积体系与海相模式不尽相同,在盆地形成初期的层序,低水位体系域发育,湖泊消亡以后,主要发育高水位体系域。此外,本文还探索了层序地层与油气赋存的关系,指出富砂的“盆底扇”是今后勘探开发的重要方向。 相似文献
62.
63.
The self-potential method can be applied to evaluate the degree of water seepage into earth or rockfill dams. Spatial distribution of measured self-potential data can indicate possible anomalous water flow. Phenomena, such as piping, can be modelled as cylindrical bodies. Internal erosion can develop structures, which can be represented by a sphere or point source. Differential settlement in the dam structure occasionally creates horizontal fractures, which require equivalent geometrical body formula. An equation, which allows the calculation of a self-potential profile over a horizontal contact, was developed. This equation can also be applied to the inspection of water flow into horizontal drainage filters. When inverse interpretation returns bodies of relatively small amplitudes, then their probability can be tested statistically. A test, based on cross-correlation between a modelled curve and field data, can be used to evaluate their existence at a given probability level. An acceptance criterion is computed, using the concept of likelihood coefficient. The equation was applied to two case histories. The first is an example of water flow evaluation into a horizontal drainage filter. Several anomalous bodies were interpreted from residual self-potential data, i.e. from the difference between the theoretical response of the filter and the measured self-potential values, then, most of the interpreted bodies were statistically tested. The second case deals with detection and evaluation of a horizontal fissure. The interpreted parameters of the detected body corresponded well to a horizontal fracture found when the water level in the reservoir was lowered. 相似文献
64.
In this research, chlorinated hydrocarbons (polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides) were measured by GC-ECD in sediments from the Hongfeng Reservoir area. The concentrations of total PCBs range from 3.2 to 31.6 ng/g, among which PCB28, PCB52 are the major congeners with the concentrations from 0.5 to 4.6 ng/g, and from 0.4 to 28.1 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of these pollutants decrease from surface to bottom, while the concentrations at 1-4 cm are lower than at 5-8 cm, suggesting the decline of PCBs input. TOC concentrations of sediment are found in a significant positive correlation with those of PCBs, suggesting that PCBs are mainly adsorbed on organic matter and particles. HCHs and DDTs are the predominant organochlorine pesticides with the concentrations ranging from 1.6 to 8.9 ng/g (average 3.2 ng/g) and 0.9 to 25.7 ng/g (average 7.8 ng/g), respectively. β-HCH and γ-HCH (lindane) are the predominant HCH isomers from sediments, and p, p'-DDE and p, p'-DDT are the predominant DDT isomers. DDT/DDE+DDD and α-HCH/γ-HCH ratios range from 0.6 to 0.9 and 0.1 to 3.0, respectively, which indicates more use of lindane than technical mixtures of HCHs before, and also suggests changes in HCHs and DDTs in the environment. The high values of β-HCH and p, p'-DDE also show that atmospheric input is one of the important sources of the Hongfeng Reservoir, because β-HCH and p, p'-DDE are stable and have low Sw and Pv so that they can be easily transferred over a long range in atmosphere. 相似文献
65.
Yuchun WANG Jun ZHU Congqiang LIU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):161-162
Damming is a common anthropogenic intervention along the course of rivers, which is defined as "artificial-lake effect", both in China and across the world. Today as many as 48000 dams and/or reservoirs are in operation in the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) drainage area, and more are being constructed. While damming is well known to affect riverbome nutrient loads, and thus the riverine ecosystems owing to removal of carbon fixation, and removal of particles in reservoir sediments, there is limited information on the detailed early diagenesis of sediments in reservoirs including the regeneration processes of nutrients deposited in sediments and exchange flux across the sediment-water interface, which is important for mass balance of riverbome nutrients. In the present study, two large-size reservoirs, Wujiangdu Reservoir (WJDR) and Dongfeng Reservoir (DFR), located on the main steam of the Wujiang River and with uniformity hydrography and discrepancy biogeochemical activity (e. g. primary production), were selected for a comparative study on the detailed processes of nutrient regeneration. Water, pore water and sediment were sampled from these two reservoirs and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), NH4^+, NO3^-, PO4^3-, dissolved silica (DSi) in the overlying water and pore water, and total organic matter in sediments were determined. The results of correlation analysis suggested that in these two reservoirs, processes of nutrient regeneration near the sediment-water interface were significantly different. As a result of rapid decomposition of algae-derived "labile" organic matter in upper sediments, nutrient regeneration processes and upward fluxes in WJDR are dramatically stronger than those of DFR. NH4^+ upward flux from sediment in WJDR was about 17 times higher than that in DFR. PO4^3- flux in WJDR is about 13 times above that in DFR. DOC flux in WJDR is larger that in DFR by 5 times, and DSi by 1 time. 相似文献
66.
Lars Kristian Nielsen Sam Subbey Mike Christie Trond Mannseth 《Computational Geosciences》2006,10(3):321-342
There is a correspondence between flow in a reservoir and large scale permeability trends. This correspondence can be derived by constraining reservoir models using observed production data. One of the challenges in deriving the permeability distribution of a field using production data involves determination of the scale of resolution of the permeability. The Adaptive Multiscale Estimation (AME) seeks to overcome the problems related to choosing the resolution of the permeability field by a dynamic parameterisation selection. The standard AME uses a gradient algorithm in solving several optimisation problems with increasing permeability resolution. This paper presents a hybrid algorithm which combines a gradient search and a stochastic algorithm to improve the robustness of the dynamic parameterisation selection. At low dimension, we use the stochastic algorithm to generate several optimised models. We use information from all these produced models to find new optimal refinements, and start out new optimisations with several unequally suggested parameterisations. At higher dimensions we change to a gradient-type optimiser, where the initial solution is chosen from the ensemble of models suggested by the stochastic algorithm. The selection is based on a predefined criterion. We demonstrate the robustness of the hybrid algorithm on sample synthetic cases, which most of them were considered insolvable using the standard AME algorithm. 相似文献
67.
Vincent Artus Louis J. Durlofsky Jérôme Onwunalu Khalid Aziz 《Computational Geosciences》2006,10(4):389-404
The determination of the optimal type and placement of a nonconventional well in a heterogeneous reservoir represents a challenging optimization problem. This determination is significantly more complicated if uncertainty in the reservoir geology is included in the optimization. In this study, a genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the deployment of nonconventional wells. Geological uncertainty is accounted for by optimizing over multiple reservoir models (realizations) subject to a prescribed risk attitude. To reduce the excessive computational requirements of the base method, a new statistical proxy (which provides fast estimates of the objective function) based on cluster analysis is introduced into the optimization process. This proxy provides an estimate of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the scenario performance, which enables the quantification of proxy uncertainty. Knowledge of the proxy-based performance estimate in conjunction with the proxy CDF enables the systematic selection of the most appropriate scenarios for full simulation. Application of the overall method for the optimization of monobore and dual-lateral well placement demonstrates the performance of the hybrid optimization procedure. Specifically, it is shown that by simulating only 10% or 20% of the scenarios (as determined by application of the proxy), optimization results very close to those achieved by simulating all cases are obtained. 相似文献
68.
69.
Christine S McCulloch 《Area》2006,38(1):24-33
Public participation in transparent decisionmaking has been proposed as a panacea for environmental protection. Bargaining theory suggests drawbacks to transparency such as hardening of attitudes and intransigence. Yet achievement of consensus on environmental values for integrated water resource management demands public involvement. Historical study of attempts to prevent reservoir construction in upland valleys designated for protection of nature suggests that 'closed-door' bargaining proved more effective for environmentalists than open, public debate. Records now open for analysis of disputes over Teesdale and Farndale, 1950–1970, allow comparisons to be made between behind-the-scenes deliberations and 'open-door' public discussion. The ambition of progressing from public participation to devolution of environmental decisionmaking and responsibility to the local scale demands more conceptualization of the process of decisionmaking on water resource development. 相似文献
70.
Semi-Analytic Modelling of Subsidence 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper presents a forward model for subsidence prediction caused by extraction of hydrocarbons. The model uses combinations
of analytic solutions to the visco-elastic equations, which approximate the boundary conditions. There are only a few unknown
parameters to be estimated, and, consequently, calculations are very fast. The semi-analytic model is applicable to a uniform
and layer-cake stratigraphy, with visco-elastic parameters changing per layer, and an arbitrary depletion pattern. By its
capabilities to handle a multi-layered visco-elastic subsurface, the semi-analytic model fills the gap between the analytic
single-layered elastic models available to date and the more elaborate numerical, e.g. finite element, models. 相似文献