三峡库区生物多样性的变化态势及其保护对策

三峡库区拥有丰富的生镜多样性，物种多样性与基因多样性，是一个天然生物宝库，然而，由于人类活动长期的强烈干预和破坏，库区生境日趋退化，生物种群发生逆行演替，生物多样性在逐渐减少或丧失。加强对生物多样性保护和研究具有极其重要的现实意义。     

长江三峡库区梯田稳定性分析与对策*──以鄂西秭归县为例

三峡库区历史上就是滑坡、崩塌作用强烈的地带,在调查分析秭归县滑坡、崩塌对梯田稳定性的影响的基础上,探讨了四种不稳定梯田培坎的特征、性质和现状,提出了利用优势植物固土护坎等相应的对策。     

水库流域入库洪水预报误差分析

由于受水库枢纽工程的影响，使得反推计算的入库流量本身就存在较大的误差，从而增加了入库洪水预报模型研制的难度，影响了这时预报精度的考核。通过对全国诸多水电厂水库流域实时洪水预报的实践，对其入库洪水预报中存在的误差原因及解决方法进行了科学的分析和阐述，以指导实时预报。     

陕甘宁盆地中部气田马五1段储层识别模型

本文应用多项式自组织方法，以１０个特征参数建立了中部气田马五１段储层气、水、干层判识的非线性网络模型，９２个已知样本的吻合率达９８．９％，为储层识别探索了又一新的方法，可供矿场参考     

Reservoir Diagenesis Sequence and Framework in Intracontinent Rift Basin,East China

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A Study on Organic Inclusions in Clastic Reservoir Rocks and Their Application to the Assessment of Oil and Gas Accumulations

Terrigenous clastic reservoir rocks are widespread in China,and nearly all the industrial oil and gas accumulations in eastern China occur in the clastic rocks.The study shows that organic inclusions are mostly distributed in the secondary fissures and pores which were ormed in the process of oil-rock interaction,rather than in the cements or secondary enlargements. The organic inclusions are dominantly organic gas-rich or are composed of pure hydrocarbons.Homogenization temperatures range mainly from 120℃ to 130℃，which shows a relatively high maturity of organic matter.Vertical and horizontal temperature changes provide the grounds for the investigation of basin evolution and thermal fluid-kinetics-model.Fluorescence spectral characteristics o the organic inclusions indicate that oils and gases in the area studied probably have experienced two-stage or two-time migration.Micro-fluorescence rescearch is one of the effective approaches to oil/source correlation and oil migration-stage determination.The abundance and occurrence of organic inclusions is one of the indicators of oil and gas abundance and accumulation in rock layers.With the help of other informatio,organic inclusions can provide the basis for the prospective assessment of oil and gas in clastic reservoir rocks.     

Main models and distribution patterns of gas reservoirs in large-medium gas fields of China

Based on characteristics and trap types of gas reservoirs in large and medium gas fields in China, 4 gas reservoir models have been established:(i) structural trap gas reservoir model I, formed earlier than or simutaneously with generating of gases; (ii) structural trap gas reservoir model II, formed later than generating of gases; (iii) fossil weathered residuum gas reservoir model; and (iV) mud diapir abnormal temperature and pressure gas reservoir model. Distribution patterns of large-medium gas fields are described with the concept of “sealed compartment”. It is concluded that the inner-compartment area, marginal area of the compartment and the areas between two overlapped sealed compartments are the most favourable areas for discovering large-medium gas fields. Project supported by the “85–102” Chinese National Key Science and Technology Project.     

华北奥陶系两个不整合面的成因与相关区域性储层预测

发育于下奥陶统亮甲山组顶部（UF₁）和中奥陶统马家沟组或峰峰组顶部（UF₂）的两个不整合面是控制华北早古生代与古岩溶有关的区域性储层形成及展布的关键性面。UF₁F₂原被认为分别代表了短期或长期的基底构造隆升，但是，基于新的证据，我们认为二者受控于不同成因机制，因而与之相关的储层预侧也应有所不同。UF_１原被解释为是板块南部基底上翘的结果，但层序地层分析却支持其海平面变动成因解释。海面下降会通过切蚀水平岩层产生一个倾向盆地的卡斯特侵蚀斜面。UF₁从西北仅蚀亮甲山组到东南下切至下寒武统顶部。因此，与之相关的储层亦从西北至东南发育于相应层位内。在空间上，有利区域性储层主要分布于强烈混合带白去化并有随后轻度淡水淋滤的华北地区中心地带。UF₂由全球性构造事件形成。这一构造运动导致板块内部下弯及相应的边缘上凸，在下凹的华北中心地带保存了较新的地层（峰峰组），而在凸起区这些新地层却被天水侵蚀殆尽。与UF₂有关的潜在区域性储层趋于分布在边缘抬升区，特别是峰峰组分布的周边地区。     

造成大浪淀水库富营养化主要因子及变化规律分析

水资源短缺是全球普遍关注的问题,水质恶化更加剧了这一问题的严重性.本文针对河北省大浪淀水库投入运营后水质变化的情况,论述了水体产生富营养化的原因及危害,分析了影响大浪淀水库水质的主要因子及其变化规律,提出了改善水体环境、提高饮用水质量的防治方法.