世界石油探明储量分布特征与空间格局演化

石油探明储量是一个动态变化的过程,文章对1980年以来不同区域尺度,包括全球、各大区以及国家层面的石油探明储量变化、分布特征等进行分析,得出结论:(1)世界石油探明储量自1980年以来大致经历了4个阶段,呈现明显的阶梯状增长的态势,基本每十年出现一次储量跃升,并保持一段时间的平稳。储采比一直稳定在40年以上,呈现缓慢上升的趋势。(2)大区尺度的石油探明储量分布不均衡,且探明储量的变化趋势不同。中东一直是石油探明储量最大的地区,其次为中南美洲地区。中东、北美占世界比重先升后降。非洲和中南美洲稳步提升,亚太地区持续下滑。(3)国家层面的石油探明储量呈现明显的集中分布。储量前4的国家占世界储量的53.75%,储量超过10亿吨的国家在很大程度上主导着世界石油开发的基本格局。从各国演变来看,世界石油储量呈现出多极化的趋势,从中东、北美向中亚、俄罗斯和中南美洲等转移。     

Surpac软件在某钼矿储量估算中的应用

三维矿床模型及可视化研究是我国"数字化矿山"进程中的热点,本文应用数字化矿山软件Surpac,针对某钼矿66个钻孔数据进行三维矿床模型的构建,最终在三维可视化模型的基础上进行了钼矿资源储量估算。与传统计算方法对比结果表明,Surpac软件三维模型所计算的结果准确可靠,且该模型可依据品位的变化进行矿体的动态圈定。     

新修订《济南市国有土地收购储备办法》浅析

近期,济南市对已经实施了5年的《济南市国有土地收购储备办法》进行了重新修订,并制定了与之配套实施的相关规范性文件。该文分析总结了济南市修订土地收购储备规章的背景、依据和主要内容,以期对更好理解和执行新的规章有所帮助。     

广西锰矿资源特征及保障程度分析

锰矿是广西的优势矿产之一,查明的资源储量位列全国第一,且资源保障程度高、分布高度集中、开发潜力大.文章根据新一轮重要矿产资源利用现状调查成果,分析了广西锰矿资源禀赋特征和开发利用现状,对锰矿资源的需求及保障程度进行研究.为保障广西锰业的持续和健康发展,提出对锰矿资源实行统一规划,强化矿产资源管理,实行保护性开采,延长锰产业链;对氧化锰矿的开采进行宏观调控,开展资源富集区深部碳酸锰矿勘查,加强低品位碳酸锰矿的可选性试验研究;适当增加进口优质锰矿与国产锰矿搭配使用.     

吉林省辉南县腰岭子金矿地质特征及浅部资源储量预测

阐述了腰岭子金矿成矿区域地质背景、地质特征和矿区地质特征与成矿条件。总结了地质、物探、化探综合找矿成果。确定了金矿体主要赋存于韧性剪切带的硅化、黄铁矿化糜棱岩化斜长片麻岩中,由含金石英脉构成。同时对浅部资源储量进行了预测,估算出金矿体的远景资源/储量共计3.84 t。上述总结对本区找矿具有重要指导意义。     

渤海海域XX21-3油田储层特征及储量评价的风险潜力

基于壁心、分析化验、测井曲线等资料,对XX21-3油田馆陶组储层岩性特征、孔隙特征和物性特征等储层特征进行分析,结合区域沉积背景认为馆陶组储层为辫状河心滩沉积,水动力条件的不同是导致N1gⅢ上和N1gⅢ下2个亚油组具有不同物性特征的原因,为后期优选开发层位提供依据。M油田与XX21-3油田相邻,是已开发经验较为成熟的油田,且与XX21-3油田在构造、沉积、储层和原油性质等方面具有相似性。为了规避XX21-3油田在储量评价过程中的风险,挖掘潜力,通过类比和借鉴邻近M油田,认为:1XX21-3油田馆陶组块状底水稠油油藏在不考虑油水界面起伏的理想模式下确定的含油面积存在风险;2N1gⅢ上油组探明油底下推到最大圈闭线计算的控制储量潜力很大。     

Surpac软件在归来庄金矿深部矿床资源量估算中的研究和应用

归来庄金矿是目前鲁西南地区唯一的大型新类型碲金型金矿床,近几年深部找矿有了进展。在充分研究归来庄金矿成矿地质特征及金矿化类型的基础上,根据归来庄金矿深部的地质勘查工程资料,以Surpac系统软件为主要工具,首次建立了归来庄深部金矿床的地质数据库, 构建了矿体的三维可视化地质模型。基于归来庄金矿深部矿体三维模型,应用距离幂次反比法对归来庄金矿深部矿体估算了资源量。将估算结果和传统地质块断法进行对比研究,结果表明用此软件进行资源量估算简便且准确,可以为矿产开发提供依据。     

对陕北地区石油储量计算中扩边问题的讨论

针对陕北地区油藏类型的特殊性,依据容积法计算模型,对控制储量计算中确定含油面积时的扩边问题进行了讨论,并提出了新的认识.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing. Terrain Analysis and Remote Sensing . JOHN R. G. TOWNSHEND , ed. Environmental Data Use in Computer-assisted Data Handling Systems: The Results of a Survey of Applications in the Pacific Northwest States . KENNETH E. GORDON . Applied Land Use: A Spatial Approach . JOHN F. LOUNSBURY , LAWRENCE M. SOMMERS , AND EDWARD A. FERNALD , eds. The Second Battle of New Orleans: A History of the Vieux Carre Riverfront-Expressway Controversy . RICHARD O. BAUMBACH , JR. AND WILLIAM E. BORAH . Cultural Environmental Archaeology . MYRA SHACKLEY . The Immoral landscape: Female Prostitution in Western Societies . RICHARD SYMANSKI . life Among the Poor in Cairo . UNNI WIKAN , translated by Ann Henning. Women, Work and Property in Northwest India . URSULA SHARMA . The Domestication of Women: Discrimination in Developing Societies . BARBARA ROGERS Economic Optimization in Locational and Transport Analysis . A. G. WILSON , J. D. COELHO , S. M. MACGILL , H. C. W. L. WILLIAMS . New Tools for Economic Development: The Enterprise Zone, Development Bank, and RFC . GEORGE STERNLIEB AND DAVID LISTOKIN , eds. Regional Wage Inflation . R. L. MARTIN , ed. Finding A Place For Energy-Siting Coal Conversion Facilities . FRANK J. CALZONETTI WITH MARK S. ECKERT . Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Environmentalism. Second Edition . T. O'RIORDAN . Countryside Conservation . BRYN GREEN . Medical Spatial Diffusion: An Historical Geography of Epidemics in an Island Community . A. D. CLIFF , P. HAGGETT , J. K. ORD , AND G. R. VERSEY . Philosophy and Geographic Thought Order and Skepticism: Human Geography and the Dialectic of Science . RICHARD SZYMANSKI AND JOHN A. AGNEW . Measurement of Subjective Phenomena . D. F. JOHNSTON , ed. Conceptions of Space in Social Thought: A Geographic Perspective . ROBERT DAVID SACK . The Association of American Geographers: The First Seventy-five Years: 1904-1979 . PRESTON E. JAMES AND GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . The Life and Thought of Isaiah Bowman . GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . Physical River Basin Planning: Theory and Practice . SURANJIT K. SAHA AND CHRISTOPHER J. BARROW , eds. Soils and landforms: An Integration of Ceomorphology and Pedology . A. I. GERRARD Climatic Change and Society. Consequences of Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide . WILLIAM W. KELLOGG AND ROBERT SCHWARE . Political Political Redistrictings and Geographic Theory . RICHARD L. MORRILL . Population Studies in Spanish American Population History: Dell Plain Latin American Studies NO. 8 . DAVID J. ROBINSON , ed. Population Redistribution in the Midwest . CURTIS C. ROSEMAN , ANDREW J. SOFRANKO , AND JAMES D. WILLIAMS , eds. Geographical Perspectives on the Elderly . A. M. WARNES , ed. Regional Perspective On the American South . MERLE BLACK AND JOHN SHELTON REED , eds. The Prairies and Plains: Prospects for the 80s . JOHN R. ROGGE , ed. Rural Rural Settlement in an Urban World . MICHAEL BUNCE . Social Accident at Three Mile Island: The Human Dimensions . DAVID L. SILLS , C. P. WOLF , AND VIVIEN B. SHELANSKI , eds. The American Small Town: Twentieth-Century Place Images . JOHN JAKLE . Urban A House of My Own . SUSAN LOBO . The City: Patterns and Processes in the Urban Ecosystem . CHRISTOPHER H. EXLINE , GARY L. PETERS , AND ROBERT P. LARKIN . Movement in Cities . P. W. DANIELS AND A. M. WARNES . Urbanization and Urban Planning in Capitalist Society . MICHAEL DEAR AND ALLEN J. SCOT , eds.     

Outside the boundary - Land use changes in the surroundings of urban nature reserves

The importance of the landscape surrounding a protected area for sustaining its values is frequently discussed in conservation literature. Studies on the interactions of urbanisation and nature conservation at the global scale suggest that protected nature attracts urbanisation, and that this in turn might negatively impact the area. However, studies specifically addressing such land use dynamics at city scale are largely missing. In this study we examine the change in proportion of built up area in two zones (500 m and 1000 m) surrounding 15 urban nature reserves in southern Sweden. By using comprehensive maps from the last 50 years, we compared the zones to the overall urbanisation in the cities to reveal discrepancies in land use surrounding the nature reserves. We found that the amount of built up area in the buffer zones surrounding nature reserves followed the same trend as the corresponding cities and this relation was stable over time, although the positive relationship was not significant. The establishment of nature reserves had no detectable effect on surrounding land use, however two distinguished groups of reserves were identified with either more or less built up area in buffers zones compared to cities. These differences were related to specific local drivers such as land ownership, land use history and nature reserve location. In contrast to earlier studies at global scale, our study did not show that nature reserves attract urbanisation. Instead, we stress that the great variety of contextual factors at the city scale makes quantitative analysis of this kind extremely difficult. However, a general neglect from planning and nature conservation agencies to recognise nature reserves’ dependence on the surrounding landscape configuration could be detrimental to sustain their values in the long-term. Hence we suggest that zones surrounding nature-protected areas should be planned and managed according to local land use history and current landscape conditions to enable and enhance necessary cross-boundary interactions.